Cambridge University Press
9780521870825 - Obstetric Anesthesia and Uncommon Disorders - Edited by David R. Gambling, M. Joanne Douglas and Robert S. F. McKay
Index


INDEX

As the subject of this book is obstetric anesthesiology, all entries relate to this unless specifically stated.

ABCDE markings, malignant melanoma, 351

abdominal dimensions, dwarfism, 103, 116

abdominal radical trachelectomy, 373

abducent (VI) nerve

   cranial nerve lesions, 219

   nerve palsy, 179

ACAD, heart transplantation, 387

accelerated atherosclerosis (ACAD), heart transplantation, 387

acetaminophen

   back pain therapy, 231

   dosage, 232

      renal failure effects, 261

   migraine therapy, 230

   post cesarean section pain, 235

achondroplasia, 101, 118–20

   airway management, 119

   anesthetic management, 103, 122–5

      dosages, 110, 123

      general anesthesia see below below

      noninvasive monitoring, 122

      postoperative pain management, 124–5

      regional anesthesia see below below

   characteristics, 104, 108, 118

      cor pulmonale, 110, 120

      craniofacial features, 108, 119

      foramen magnum stenosis, 108, 110, 119–20, 120

      hydrocephalus, 120

      hypotonia, 120

      pelvic measurements, 120

      spinal canal narrowing, 108, 119–20

      spinal features, 108, 119, 120

   diagnosis, 119

   general anesthesia, 122

      direct laryngoscopy, 122

      endotracheal tube size, 110, 122

      fiberoptic laryngoscopy, 122

      intubation, 110, 122

   incidence, 115, 118

   kyphoscoliosis, 120

   neurologic symptoms, 120

   regional anesthesia, 108, 110, 119, 120, 122–3

      combined spinal–epidural analgesia/anesthesia, 124

      continuous regional, 123

      continuous spinal, 124

      epidural analgesia/anesthesia, 104, 123

      neuraxial anesthesia, 120

      single-shot spinal, 123–4

   respiratory complications, 108, 120

      infections, 120

      upper airway obstruction, 110, 120

acitretin, 349

ACLS see Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

acoustic neuromas, 173

   epidemiology, 375

   pregnancy effects, 173

acquired atrioventricular blocks, 33

acquired factor VIII deficiency, 312

acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 306

acquired hemolytic anemias, 296

acquired long QT syndrome see long QT syndrome (LQTS)

acromegaly, 281

actinomycin D, 376

Actinomycosis israeli infection, 322

activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

   anticoagulation therapy, 4

   deep vein thrombosis management, 82

   pregnancy, effects of, 293, 384

activated protein C resistance, 314

   thromboembolic disease, 81

acute asthma see asthma

acute cardiac decompensation see scoliosis

acute dysrhythmias, 30

acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), 249, 251, 253–5, 308

acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), 242

acute liver failure see liver failure liver failure

acute narrow complex tachycardia, 51

acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 333

acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 259

acyclovir, 249, 262

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 254

Addison disease, 285–6

Addisonian crisis, 286

   circulatory collapse, 286

adenosine, 51, 52

   acute narrow complex tachycardia, 51

   adverse maternal effects, 51

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

   safety, 51

   supraventricular tachycardias, 36

   tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36

   wide-complex tachycardia, 51

adjuvant chemotherapy, ovarian cancer, 374

adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ASIS), 129

adrenal gland disorders, 283–8

   see also specific diseases/disorders

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 75–7, 395

      nitric oxide, 76, 93

      positive pressure ventilation, 75–6

Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)

   bradycardia algorithm, 32

   supraventricular tachycardias management, 36

Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices, yellow fever vaccine recommendations, 329

AFE see amniotic fluid embolism (AFE)

afibrinogenemia, 310

   management, 310

AFLP see acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)

afterload reduction

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

AIDS see HIV infection

air filters, 22

airway evaluation/management

   achondroplasia, 119

   arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158

   diabetes mellitus, 280

   Marfan syndrome, 68–9

   osteogenesis imperfecta, 163

   rheumatoid arthritis, 408

   scleroderma, 418

   scoliosis, 140

   thyrotoxic crisis, 276

alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

   liver transplantation, 384

   pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 258, 384

albendazole, 257

albumin (serum)

   globulin ratio, 384

   pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 255, 384

albuterol, 79

alcohol abuse, 224

alcoholic ketoacidosis, 279

alfentanil

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   renal failure effects, 261

alkaline phosphatase (ALP), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257–8, 384

allergic purpura, 309

ALP see alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

α2-adrenergic agonists, 233, 234

alpha-blockers

   pheochromocytoma management, 284

   renal failure effects, 261

αδSPD, 306

alpha thalassemia, 294, 295

Alport syndrome, 250, 263–4

alprazolam, 369

ALT see alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

alveolar hypertension, scoliosis, 133

alveoli numbers, scoliosis, 132

amantadine, 171

AMC see arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC)

American College of Cardiology, 10

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, 193

American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA), 5

   spinal hematoma guidelines, 176

   thromboembolic disease guidelines, 85

American Spinal Injury Association, 191

amide local anesthetics, epileptic effects, 170

amino acid metabolism disorders, 240, 241

   see also specific diseases/disorders

aminolevulinate dehydratase deficiency porphyria, 242

amiodarone, 39, 52

   acquired long QT syndrome, 46

   atrial fibrillation therapy, 38

   peripheral neuropathy, 224

   pre-excitation syndrome therapy, 43

   supraventricular tachycardias, 36

   tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36

   thyroid disease effects, 277

amitriptyline

   dosages, 232

   post cesarean section pain therapy, 235

amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), 85, 86–8

amoxicillin, 5

   Vibrio cholerae therapy, 333

ampicillin, 5

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 198–201

analgesia

   adult respiratory distress syndrome, 77

   atrial septal defects, 17

   bone marrow failure syndromes, 299

   hepatic function effects, 255

   liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   postoperative

      achondroplasia, 124–5

      post cesarean section, 234

   spinal cord injury, 193

anemias, 293–7

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 14

      see also specific diseases/disorders

anesthesia

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   drug interactions

      cyclosporine, 392

      monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 367

      see also specific agents; specific diseases/disorders; specific types

aneurysms, 57

angina

   paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 36

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 57

angioedema, hereditary, 353

angiography

   central nervous system disorders, 167

   Moyamoya disease, 69

   pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 60, 61

angiomas, 196

animal models, malignant hyperthermia, 269

anion gap acidosis, 279

antenatal assessment, transplantation, 393

antenatal diagnosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, 162

antepartum assessment

   scoliosis see scoliosis

   spinal cord injury, 193

anterior sacral meningocele, spina bifida cystica, 204

anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS), 207–9

anthelmintics, 257

antiacetylcholine antibody assay, 152

antibiotic therapy

   bacterial infections, 321

   cystic fibrosis therapy, 90

   drug interactions, cyclosporine, 392

   gastrointestinal procedures, 5

   genitourinary procedures, 5

   heart disease, 4

   infective endocarditis, 4

   Marfan syndrome, 67

   meningitis, 335

   mitral stenosis, 7

anticholinergic drugs, status asthmaticus management, 79

anticholinesterase drugs

   dosages, 154

   myasthenia gravis therapy, 152–3, 154, 155

anticipation, congenital myotonic dystrophy, 103

anticoagulant therapy

   activated partial thromboplastin time, 4

   atrial fibrillation, 38

   cerebral ischemia, 177

   heart disease, 4–6

   homocystinuria, 242

   mitral stenosis, 7

   Moyamoya disease management, 69

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

   see also specific drugs

anticonvulsant drugs

   central nervous system tumor therapy, 375, 376

   post cesarean section pain therapy, 235

antidepressant drugs

   fibromyalgia therapy, 233

   post cesarean section pain therapy, 235

antiDNA antibodies, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

antidromic AV reentrant tachycardia, 43

antidysrhythmic drugs, 49–52

   acquired long QT syndrome, 46

   atrial septal defect management, 17

   breast milk secretion, 51

   class Ia, 46

   class III, 46

   dosage, 49

      renal failure effects, 261

   FDA grading, 51, 52

   mitral valve prolapse, 10

   placental transfer, 51

   premature ventricular depolarization management, 34

   tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36

   teratogenicity, 51

   ventricular tachycardia therapy, 39

   see also specific drugs

antiemetic drugs, hyperemesis gravidarum management, 252

antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)

   anesthesia interactions, 169

   breast milk, excretion in, 169

   congenital malformations, 167, 169

   minimal dose, 169

   pregnancy, effects of, 169

   pregnancy, effects on, 168–9

   side effects, 170

antihypertensive drugs

   Conn syndrome, 287

   intravenous fluid management, 180

anti-inflammatory drugs, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 76

antimalarial drugs, systemic lupus erythematosus therapy, 412

antinuclear antibodies, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

antiparkinsonian agents, schizophrenia, 363

antiphospholipid antibodies, 303, 314

   thrombocytopenia, 305

antiphospholipid syndrome, 418–19

   assessment, 416

   case reports, 405, 416, 419

   autoantibodies, 418

   cesarean section, 419

   clinical features, 418

   heparin therapy, 419

   management, 419

   mortality, 419

   Sneddon syndrome, 352

antipsychotic drugs

   interactions, 364

   during pregnancy, 364

antiretroviral therapy, HIV mother–child transmission, 323

antithrombin III, pregnancy, effects of, 294

antithrombin deficiency, 314

antithymocyte globulin (ATG), 322, 389

antiviral therapy, varicella zoster virus infection, 326

anxiolysis, pheochromocytoma, 284

aorta, coarctation of see coarctation of the aorta

aortic balloon valvuloplasty, aortic stenosis, 8

aortic dissection, 13–14, 67

   Marfan syndrome see Marfan syndrome (MFS)

aortic heart disease, 40

aortic insufficiency see aortic regurgitation/insufficiency

aortic regurgitation/insufficiency, 9

aortic root dilatation, Marfan syndrome, 65–6

aortic stenosis, 8–9, 20

aortic valve

   replacement, complications, 10

   size, aortic stenosis, 8

aortocaval compression, 1

apheresis, 293

aplastic anemia, 297–8

aPTT see activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

ARDS see adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

L-arginine, Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

Arnold Chiari malformation, 183–5

arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), 35

   implantable cardiac defibrillator, 53

arsenic, peripheral neuropathy, 223

arterial blood gas analysis, 77

arterial cannulation, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255

arterial hypertension, liver transplantation, 386

arterial lines, congenital heart disease, 15

arterial occlusion, cerebral ischemia, 177

arterial oxygen, scoliosis, 135

arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), 57

   hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 309

   spinal cord tumors, 196

arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

arthrochalasia, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159

arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), 157–9, 269, 271

ASAS see anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS)

aseptic techniques, transplant recipients, 393

   heart–lung transplants, 382–3

   heart transplants, 382–3

aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

   liver transplantation, 384

   pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 258, 384

aspiration risk, scleroderma, 418

aspirin

   American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 419

   essential thrombocytopenia, 300

   Moyamoya disease management, 69

   rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407

ASRA see American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA)

AST see aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

asthma, 36, 77–80

astrocytomas, 195

ataxia-telangiectasia, pheochromocytoma, 283

ataxic gait, 156

ateliotic dwarfism, 104, 115

atenolol, dosages, 232

ATN see acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

atracurium

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   myasthenia gravis, 155

   renal failure effects, 261

atrial dysrhythmias, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy management, 12

atrial fibrillation, 35, 37–8, 42, 44

   Noonan syndrome, 147

atrial flutter, 34, 35, 36–7

atrial septal defects, 16–17, 29

atrial switch, 21, 30–2

atrial tachycardia, 35, 36–7

atrioventricular (AV) blocks, 30, 32–3, 49

atrioventricular junctional dysrhythmias, 30

atrioventricular node reentrant (AVNRT) tachycardia, 42

   management, 36, 44

   mechanisms, 35

atropine

   bradycardia, 33

   electroconvulsive therapy, 364

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   Parkinson disease, 172

   porphyria, 245

autoantibodies

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 418

   myasthenia gravis, 152

   myasthenia gravis therapy, 152

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 412

   see also specific antibodies

autoimmune diseases, 345, 405–22

   dermatoses see dermatoses

   see also specific diseases/disorders

autoimmune hemolytic anemias, 297

autoimmune hepatitis, 249, 257

autoimmune progesterone dermatitis, 353

automated internal cardiac defibrillators (AICD), 46–7

autonomic function, diabetic neuropathy, 221

autonomic hyperreflexia (AH), 193–4

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), 250, 262–3

autotransfusion, 1

AVMs see arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)

azathioprine, 389, 392, 395

   myasthenia gravis therapy, 152, 153

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407, 408

azithromycin, 333


back pain, 141, 230–1

baclofen, 192

bacterial endocarditis

   mitral valve prolapse, 10

   prophylaxis see congenital heart disease (CHD)

bacterial infections, 321–3, 389

   dermatoses, 353, 356

   pregnancy in kidney transplantation, 383

   see also specific infections/bacteria

Bacteroides bivius infection, 322

balloon dilation, 94

balloon embolization, 61

balloon mitral valvuloplasty, 7

barbiturates

   HIV infection, 324

   side effects, 170

Bartonella, 257

Bartter syndrome, 250, 264

   clinical features, 264

basiliximab, 389

Becker muscular dystrophy, 101

beclomethasone, 78

behavioral interventions, migraine, 230

benign intracranial hypertension, 177–8

benzhexol, 363

benzodiazepines

   breast milk, secretion in, 169

   chronic spinal cord injury management, 192

   cyclosporine interactions, 392

   fetal effects, 369

   HIV infection, 324

   panic disorder management, 369

   in pregnancy, 369

   see also specific drugs

benztropine, 363

Bernard–Soulier syndrome, 303, 305

beta-adrenergic agonists

   acute asthma, 79

   chronic asthma, 78

   status asthmaticus, 79

beta-blockers

   atrial fibrillation, 38

   atrial flutter, 37

   Conn syndrome, 287

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 12

   long QT syndrome, 45, 46

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   mitral stenosis, 7

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   porphyria, 245

   portal hypertension, 255

   premature ventricular depolarization, 34

   renal failure effects, 261

   spinal cord injury, 194

   tachydysrhythmia, 36

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

beta lactams, 333

beta-mimetic tocolytics, 192

beta thalassemias, 294, 295

bicarbonate replacement, diabetic ketoacidosis, 279

bile acids, pregnancy, effects of, 250

bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPap), 201

bilharzia see schistosomiasis

biliary tract disease, 258

bilirubin, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257, 384

biologic agents, dermatoses, 353

bipolar disorder see manic depressive illness

birthweight, cyclosporine effects, 391

bisphosphonates, hyperparathyroidism management, 288

Blalock–Taussig shunt, 21, 29, 52

blood disorders, 293–320

   see also specific diseases/disorders

blood pressure

   Cushing syndrome, 287

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

   pregnancy, effects of, 1

blood transfusions see transfusions

blood volume, pregnancy, effects of, 294

β-mimetic tocolytics, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160

bone fragility, osteogenesis imperfecta, 161

bone marrow abnormalities, 297–302

   see also specific diseases/disorders

bone marrow transplantation, 302–3

Borgschulte–Grigsby deficiency, 314

Bourneville–Pringle disease see tuberous sclerosis

brachial amyotrophic diplegia, 200

brachial arterial catheterization, 418

brachial nerve palsy, 219

bradycardias, management, 33–4

bradydysrhythmias

   long QT syndrome, 46

   pacemakers, 49

brain abscesses, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62

brain death, coma, 182–3

brain protection, neurosurgery, 180

breast cancer, 371–3

breast-feeding

   antidysrhythmic drugs, 51

   antiepileptic drugs, 169

   benzodiazepines, 169

   cyclosporine, 391

   dantrolene, 249–58, 272

   ethosuccimide, 169

   HIV mother–child transmission, 324

   leukemias, 301

   myasthenia gravis, 154

   phenytoin, 169

breech delivery, osteogenesis imperfecta, 162

brittle bones see osteogenesis imperfecta

bromocriptine

   neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 364

   prolactinoma therapy, 280

bronchoconstriction, 398

bronchodilators, 90

bruits, 60

bubonic plague, 333

Budd–Chiari syndrome, 249, 251, 256

   associated diseases, 250, 256

budesonide DPI, 78

bulbar weakness see peripheral neuropathy

bullous pemphigoid, 348

bupivacaine

   liver transplantation, 395

   Marfan syndrome, 67

   post cesarean section pain, 235

   pulmonary artery aneurysm, 63

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

buprenorphine, renal failure effects, 261

Burkitt lymphoma, 301

butyrophenones, renal failure effects, 261


C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency, 353

CA125, ovarian cancer, 374

cabergoline, 281

café-au-lait spots, 148, 218

caffeine, dosages, 232

caffeine halothane contracture test (CHCT), 269

calcitonin, hyperparathyroidism, 288

calcium channel blockers

   atrial fibrillation, 38

   atrial flutter, 37

   Conn syndrome, 287

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

   renal failure effects, 261

   spinal cord injury, 194

calcium channel disorders, 108

Campylobacter infections, 322

Campylobacter jejuni infection, 218

cancer see malignancy; specific cancers

carbamazepine

   side effects, 170

   thyroid disease effects, 277

“cardiac” anesthetic induction, 8

cardiac decompensation, 1

cardiac output (CO)

   acute cardiac decompensation, 141

   Marfan syndrome, 66

   pregnancy, effects of, 1, 30

   in pregnant heart transplant recipients, 387

   pulmonary hypertension, 134

   scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 135, 136

cardiodopa, 171

cardiomegaly, 60

cardiomyopathy, 11–13

   etiology, 11

   see also specific types

cardiopulmonary bypass, 14

cardiopulmonary compromise

   Friedreich ataxia, 156

   scoliosis labor analgesia, 139–40

cardiopulmonary pathophysiology

   scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 135

cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 30, 53

cardiorespiratory status

   cystic fibrosis, 90, 91

   scoliosis, 136–7

cardiovascular status

   acromegaly, 281

   acute liver failure, 257

   cirrhosis, 385

   end-stage renal disease, 383

   hypoparathyroidism, 289

   pregnancy in heart transplantation, 387

   scoliosis see scoliosis

   spinal cord tumors, 196

cardioversion, preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43

carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) deficiency, 101, 104–8, 115–28

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254

carpal tunnel syndrome, 219, 232

case reports

   amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 201

   anterior spinal artery syndrome, 208–9

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 405, 416, 419

   coma, 182–3

   dengue virus infection, 328, 329

   dwarfism, disproportionate, 126

   dysfibrinogenemia, 310

   essential thrombocytopenia, 300

   factor V deficiency, 311, 312

   factor VIII deficiency, 311, 312

   factor IX deficiency, 312

   heart–lung transplantation, 388

   malignant hyperthermia, 270, 271

   monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 367

   phenelzine, 367

   porphyria, 245

   postpolio syndrome, 201

   rubeola, 327

   spina bifida cystica, 204

   spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 126

   tethered cord syndrome, 207

   thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 306, 308, 309–10

“catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome” (CAPS), 418, 419

catecholamine O-methyl transferase inhibitors, Parkinson disease therapy, 171

catecholamines

   long QT syndrome, 47

   pheochromocytoma, 283

catheter aspiration, acute pneumothorax management, 93

catheter placement, scoliosis, 138–9

“cat scratch disease,” 257

ceftriaxone, typhoid fever, 334

Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 323

central blood volume, 7

central core myopathies, 104, 118

central diabetes insipidus, 281

central monitoring, thyrotoxic crisis, 275

central nervous system (CNS)

   acute porphyria, 244

   chronic renal failure, 259

   disorders see central nervous system (CNS) disorders

   hemorrhage, 174–6

   tumors see central nervous system (CNS) tumors/neoplasms

   varicella zoster virus infection, 326

central nervous system (CNS) disorders, 46, 157, 167–89

central nervous system (CNS) tumors/neoplasms, 172–3, 375–6

   cesarean section, 11, 173, 376

   clinical features, 173

   delivery methods, 173

   diagnosis, 173

   epidemiology, 375

   management, 173, 375–6

   pregnancy effects, 173

   prognosis, 376

   signs and symptoms, 375

   see also specific types

central neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy vs., 221

central venous cannulae, congenital heart disease, 16

centronuclear myopathies, 104, 123

cephalohematomas, 160

cephalosporins, 389

   renal failure effects, 261

cerebral aneurysms, 175

cerebral arteriovenous malformations, 62

cerebral contusions, 181

cerebral dysfunction, 150

cerebral edema, 174

cerebral ischemia, 176–7, 180

cerebral trauma, 181

cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), 176

   cerebral ischemia, 176, 180

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 179

   syringomyelia, 205

ceruloplasmin, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257, 384

cervical cancer, 371–3

cervical joint destruction, 409

cervical spine

   imaging, 118

      disproportionate dwarfism, 125

   rheumatoid arthritis, 408–9

cesarean section (C/S)

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy see acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)

   acute spinal cord injury, 191

   amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 201

   anemias, 294

   anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393

   anterior spinal artery syndrome, 209

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 419

   Arnold Chiari malformation, 185

   arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158–9

   asthma see asthma

   bacterial infections, 321–3

   benign intracranial hypertension, 178

   bone marrow abnormalities, 299

   central nervous system neoplasms, 11, 173

   central nervous system tumors, 376

   cerebral ischemia, 177

   chronic spinal cord injury, 193

   cirrhosis, 255

   coma, 182

   congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, 94

   continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 264

   Cushing syndrome, 287

   cystic fibrosis see cesarean section

   dengue virus infection, 329

   disproportionate dwarfism see dwarfism, disproportionate

   Eisenmenger syndrome, 22

   epilepsy, 169, 170

   essential thrombocytopenia, 302

   factor VII deficiency, 311

   factor VIII deficiency, 312

   factor XI deficiency, 313

   familial dysautonomia, 217

   Gaucher disease, 241

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   hemodynamics, 6

   hydrocephalus with shunt, 178

   hypothyroidism, 277

   increased intracranial pressure, 180

   intracerebral hemorrhage, 176

   leukemias, 302

   liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394

   long QT syndrome, 47

   lumbar disc prolapse, 141

   malignant hyperthermia, 270

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   May–Hegglin anomaly, 306

   McArdle disease, 239

   myasthenia gravis, 154

   myositis ossificans progressiva, 110, 123

   myotonic dystrophy, 103, 116

   Noonan syndrome, 147–8

   Parkinson disease, 172

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 12

   pheochromocytoma see pheochromocytomas

   pneumothorax, 93

   polycythemia vera see polycythemia vera (PV)

   pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62

   rheumatoid arthritis, 408

   schizophrenia, 364

   scleroderma, 417, 418

   spinal anesthesia, 32

   spinal cord tumors, 197

   spinal muscular atrophy, 198

   subarachnoid hemorrhage, 175

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

   thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308

   thyrotoxic crisis, 276

   vaginal delivery vs.

      heart disease, 6

      HIV infection, 324

   varicella zoster virus infection, 326

   venous air embolism, 85

   von Hippel Lindau disease, 151–2

   von Willebrand disease, 314

Chagas disease see Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 215–16

Chediak–Higashi syndrome, 303, 306

chelating agents, 256

chemotherapy

   breast cancer therapy, 371

   central nervous system tumor therapy, 375

chest compression, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 53

chest pain, normal pregnancy, 1

chest radiography

   pneumothorax, 93

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 57

   pulmonary artery aneurysm, 63

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 82

Cheyne–Stokes respiration, 179

chickenpox see varicella zoster virus infection (chickenpox)

Chlamydia infection, 322, 389

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

Chlamydia psittaci infection (psittacosis), 334

chloramphenicol

   peripheral neuropathy, 224

   typhoid fever, 334

chloroprocaine, 140

chloroquine, 408

chlorpromazine, schizophrenia, 363, 364

chlorpropamide, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus management, 282

chlorquinine, 331

cholangiocarcinoma, 255

cholecystectomy, 258

cholecystitis, 249, 258

   incidence, 258

choledocholithiasis, 258

cholelithiasis, 249, 258

cholera see Vibrio cholerae infections

cholesterol (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 250, 384

cholinergic agents

   gender differences, 229

   tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36

cholinesterase, pregnancy, effects of, 384

choriocarcinoma, 173

   management, 173

Christmas disease see factor IX deficiency

chronic airway obstruction, cystic fibrosis, 89

chronic aortic regurgitation, 9

chronic asthma see asthma

chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 218–19

chronic mitral regurgitation, 9

chronic pain see pain, chronic

chronic pancreatitis, hereditary, 197

chronic renal failure see renal failure, chronic

chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 333

chronotropes

   heart transplantation, 396

   tetralogy of Fallot, 19

Churg–Strauss syndrome, 262

cicatricial pemphigoid (CP), 348

cimetidine, 172

circulatory collapse, Addisonian crisis, 286

cirrhosis, 249, 255, 385

cisatracurium, 394

cisplatin, 224

clindamycin, 331

clonazepam, 369

clonidine

   panic disorder, 369

   post cesarean section pain, 235

   renal failure effects, 261

   spinal cord injury, 194

clopidogrel, 5

closing capacity (CC), 135

Clostridium botulinum infection, 322, 323

coagulation disorders, 303–14

   amniotic fluid embolism, 85–6, 87, 88

   anesthetic management, 303

      blood vessel wall disorders, 309–10

      factor deficiencies, 314

      regional anesthesia, 303

   blood vessel wall disorders, 309–10

      anesthetic management, 309–10

      clinical history, 309

   factor deficiencies, 294, 310–14

      anesthetic management, 314

      level assessment, 314

   liver disease emergencies, 257

   Noonan syndrome, 146

   platelet disorders, 303–9

      function disorders, 305–7

      thrombotic microangiopathy, 307–8

   see also specific diseases/disorders

coagulation factors

   disorders see specific factors

   thromboembolic disease, 81

   see also specific factors

coagulation testing, normal pregnancy, 293

coarctation of the aorta, 19–20

   Noonan syndrome, 147

Cobb method, scoliosis, 129, 130, 131

cocaine overdose, malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 270

Cockayne syndrome, 126

codeine, renal failure effects, 261

cognitive behavioral therapy

   fibromyalgia therapy, 233

   panic disorder, 368, 369

coil embolization, 61

cold knife conization, 373

cold-reactive autoantibodies, 297

colistin, 90

collagen, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159–60

collagen “softening,” Marfan syndrome, 66

coma, 181–3

combined spinal–epidural analgesia/anesthesia (CSE), 49

   achondroplasia, 124

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 419

   asthma labor/delivery, 80

   cesarean section, 59

   diabetic neuropathy, 221

   familial dysautonomia, 217

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13

   Moyamoya disease, 69

   myasthenia gravis, 155

   myotonic dystrophy, 103, 116

   Parkinson disease, 172

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 59

   scoliosis labor analgesia, 139

compression ultrasonography, deep vein thrombosis, 82

computed tomography (CT)

   central nervous system disorders, 167

   disproportionate dwarfism, 125

   hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 61

   intracerebral hemorrhage, 175

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   pituitary gland disorders, 280

   pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 59

   spiral

      Marfan syndrome, 67

      pulmonary thromboembolism, 82

   tethered cord syndrome, 206

computerized axial tomography, deep vein thrombosis, 82

concussion, cerebral trauma, 181

condyloma, 326

congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), 81

   cesarean section, 94

   diagnosis, 94

   diaphragmatic pacing, 94

   epidural anesthesia, 94

   etiology, 94

   ventilatory support, 94

congenital heart block, 33

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 411

congenital heart disease (CHD), 15–16, 39

   risk stratification, 4

   dysrhythmias, 35, 39

   lesions, 20

   management, 20

      surgery see below

   surgically-corrected, 20

      European Society of Cardiology, 20

      procedures, 20, 21

      see also specific corrections

congenital heart lesions, cyanotic see cyanotic congenital heart lesions

congenital malformations

   antiepileptic drugs, 167, 169

   tricyclic antidepressants, 365

congenital myopathies see myopathies

congenital myotonic dystrophy see myotonic dystrophy

congenital red cell aplasias, 298

   see also specific diseases/disorders

congenital regional hyperplasia, 286, 287–8

congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), 327

congenital varicella zoster virus infection (chickenpox), 326

Congo–Crimean hemorrhagic fever, 335

connective tissue diseases/disorders, 145–66

   see also specific diseases/disorders

Conn syndrome, 287

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 264

continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration, 88

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 88

continuous spinal analgesia/anesthesia

   achondroplasia, 124

   aortic stenosis, 8

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13

   spinal muscular atrophy, 198

   thyrotoxic crisis, 276

contractility

   atrial septal defect, 17

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 12

contusions, cerebral trauma, 181

Cori disease, 240

coronary artery bypass grafting, 15

coronary artery disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, 412

cor pulmonale, achondroplasia, 110, 120

corticosteroids, 389

   acute asthma, 79

   asthma labor/delivery, 80

   central nervous system tumors, 375, 376

   chronic asthma, 78

   intracranial pressure, 179

   myasthenia gravis, 153, 154

   renal vasculitic disease, 262

   rheumatoid arthritis, 407

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 412

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

corticotropin-dependent Cushing syndrome, 286

corticotropin-independent Cushing syndrome, 286

cough, cystic fibrosis, 90

coup contusions, cerebral trauma, 181

COX-2 inhibitors, 329

cranial nerve lesions, 200

   VIII nerve, 219

   abducent nerve, 219

   idiopathic facial nerve palsy, 219

   trigeminal cranial nerve, 219

craniofacial features, achondroplasia, 108, 119

CREST variant, scleroderma, 416

cricoarytenoid joint, rheumatoid arthritis, 43, 409

cromolyn, chronic asthma, 78

C/S see cesarean section (C/S)

curve progression, scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 134

Cushing disease, 281

Cushing triad, 179

Cushing syndrome, 286–7

cutaneous mastocytosis see mastocytosis

cyanotic congenital heart lesions, 18

cyclophosphamide, renal vasculitic disease management, 262

cyclosporine, 336, 389, 390–2, 395

   drug interactions, 381

   maternal side effects, 386, 390–2, 397–8

   myasthenia gravis, 153

   rheumatoid arthritis, 407, 408

cyproheptadine, 287

cystathionine β-synthase deficiency, 242

cystic fibrosis, 89–92

   cesarean section

      anesthetic management, 92

      hemodynamic function monitoring, 92

      pulmonary function monitoring, 92

   clinical features, 89–92

cytochrome P-450, liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 395

cytomegalovirus infection, 325

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   hepatitis, 249, 262

   hyperimmune globulin therapy, 325

   liver transplantation, 386

   prevalence, 325

   transplant recipients, 389


daclizumab, 389

dalteparin

   American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5

   dosing regimens, 84

dantrolene

   breast-feeding, 249–58, 272

   malignant hyperthermia therapy, 270, 271–2

   neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 364

   uterine muscle contractility, 271

dapsone, 224

DDAVP see 1-deamino-8-D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)

1-deamino-8-D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)

   factor VIII deficiency, 314

   Noonan syndrome, 148

   platelet storage pool deficiency, 307

   von Willebrand disease, 311, 314

debrancher enzyme deficiency, 240

decompensation, scoliosis, 137, 138

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

   chronic spinal cord injury, 192

   clinical features, 81

   diagnosis, 82

   incidence, 81

   management, 82–4

dehydration, 279

Dejerine–Sottas disease, 216

delivery see cesarean section (C/S); vaginal delivery; specific conditions

dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), 328, 329

dengue virus infection, 328–9

dense granules (δ-SPD), platelet storage pool deficiency, 306

depolarizing muscle relaxants, myasthenia gravis, 155

dermatitis herpetiformis, immunopathology, 348

dermatomyositis

   dermatoses, 357

   diagnosis, 110, 120

   inflammatory myopathies, 108, 119–20

   rash, 110, 120, 121

dermatoses, 343–62

   see also specific diseases/disorders

dermatosparaxis, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159

desmopressin

   central diabetes insipidus management, 282

   hypothyroidism, 277

dexamethasone

   thyrotoxic crisis management, 275, 276

dextropropoxyphene, renal failure effects, 261

diabetes insipidus, 281–2

diabetes mellitus 279

   management during pregnancy, 220

   transplantation, 381

diabetes mellitus type1

   insulin infusions, 280

   pancreas–kidney transplantation, 384

   stiff-joint syndrome, 279

diabetic ketoacidosis, 278–9

diabetic neuropathy, 220–1

diabetic scleroderma see stiff-joint syndrome (diabetic scleroderma)

dialysis see renal replacement therapy (dialysis)

Diamond–Blackfan syndrome, 298

diamorphine, renal failure effects, 261

diaphragmatic failure, scoliosis, 136

diaphragmatic pacing, 94

diastasis pubis, 232

diastrophic dwarfism, 126

diazepam

   chronic spinal cord injury management, 192

   epilepsy management, 169

   renal failure effects, 261

didanosine interactions, 324

diet, phenylketonuria, 241

digitalis, atrial fibrillation, 38

digoxin, 52

   atrial fibrillation, 38

   atrial flutter therapy, 37

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   renal failure effects, 261

dihydrocodeine, renal failure effects, 261

dilation and curettage, Noonan syndrome, 147–8

diltiazem, 52

   tachydysrhythmia, 36, 49–52

   thyrotoxic crisis, 276

diphtheria, peripheral neuropathy, 222

direct-current cardioversion, ventricular tachycardia, 39

direct intra-arterial pressure monitoring, sickling syndromes, 295

direct laryngoscopy, achondroplasia, 122

discoid rash, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

disc prolapse, 129

disopyramide

   acquired long QT syndrome, 46

   atrial fibrillation therapy, 38

   preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43

distal myopathies, 104, 123

diuretics, peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

dobutamine

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

Döhle-like bodies, Fechtner syndrome, 305

dopamine

   bradycardia management, 33

   Parkinson disease, 170

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

dopamine agonists, 171

dopamine β-hydroxylase deficiency, 217

dopamine receptor agonists, 280

Doppler echocardiography, 32

DOTS elimination strategy, tuberculosis, 332

doxycycline, 333

drug-induced peripheral neuropathy, 224

drugs

   end-stage renal disease, 383

   malignant hyperthermia, 270

   thrombocytopenia, 305

   see also specific drugs

Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 101

ductal ectasia, Marfan syndrome, 68

dural puncture, neurofibromatosis, 149

DVT see deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

dwarfism, 101, 103, 104, 107, 108, 115–28

   abdominal dimensions, 103, 116

      epidural anesthesia see below

      general anesthesia see below

      preoperative consultation, 108, 117

   disproportionate see below

   neonatal considerations, 101, 103, 117, 118, 126

      prognosis, 126

   nonachondroplastic, 102, 121

   pregnancy complications, 108, 117

   proportionate, 115

      anesthetic management, 104, 117

      pregnancy effects, 101, 115–16

   types, 115

   vaginal delivery, 117, 129

      patient-controlled epidural analgesia, 117

   see also specific types

dwarfism, disproportionate, 101, 115, 118

   anesthetic management, 103, 104, 121–6

      evaluation, 121

      general anesthetic, 110, 121–2

      investigations, 110, 121

   cardiac compromise, 125

   case reports, 126

   cervical spine x-ray, 125

   cesarean section, 121, 125

      general anesthetic, 110, 121–2

   computed tomography, 125

   obstetric management, 102, 121

   pregnancy effects, 102, 121

   pulmonary compromise, 125

dynamic outflow tract obstruction, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 12

dysautonomia

   familial see familial dysautonomia see peripheral neuropathy

dysfibrinogenemia, 310

   case reports, 310

dyspnea

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 57

   pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62

   scoliosis, 133

   scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 135, 135

dysprothrombinemia, 310

dysrhythmia drugs, class IA, 37

dysrhythmias, 21, 29, 30

   aortic heart disease, 40

   congenital heart disease, 35, 39

   electrolyte abnormalities, 41

   heart disease, 39

   heart transplantation, 40–1

   ischemic heart disease, 40

   management, 31, 53, 409

   mitral stenosis, 40

   mitral valve prolapse, 40

   pericarditis, 40

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 40

   structural heart disease, 40

   ventricular see ventricular dysrhythmias

   see also specific types

dystocia, anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393

dystrophica myotonia see myotonic dystrophy

dysuria, herpes simplex virus infection, 325


Ebola hemorrhagic fever, 335

   mortality, 335

Ebstein anomaly, 19, 39

   anesthetic management, 19

   management, 19

      lithium, 365

      tricuspid valve reconstruction, 39

   pathophysiology, 19

   pregnancy, course of, 39

echocardiography

   cardiac conduction disorders, 31

   muscular dystrophies, 101, 115

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 82

   transesophageal, 32

   two-dimensional, 32

eclampsia

   cerebral ischemia vs., 176

   seizure disorders, 167

ectopic beats, 34

eczema, differential diagnosis, 345, 405–10

edema, carpal tunnel syndrome, 232

edrophonium, 152

edrophonium test, 152

Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS), 159–61, 350

   anesthetic management, 157, 161

      see also specific types

   β-mimetic tocolytics, 160

   cephalohematomas, 160

   cesarean section, regional anesthesia, 163

   characteristics, 159, 160

   classification, 159

   collagen, 159–60

   pregnancy effects, 160

   prevalence, 159

   regional anesthesia, 161, 350

      cesarean section, 163

      SAB, 161

   vaginal birth, 160

Eisenmenger syndrome (ES), 16, 21, 39

   anesthetic management, 22

   definition, 21

   management, 21–2

   see also pulmonary hypertension

ejection fraction, 387

electrical cardioversion, 38

electrocardiography (EKG)

   amniotic fluid embolism, 88

   atrial flutter, 37

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161

   epidermolysis bullosa, 350

   Friedreich ataxia diagnosis, 156

   hyperparathyroidism, 289

   long QT syndrome, 45

   myasthenia gravis, 154

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   preexcitation syndromes, 42

   pregnancy, effects of, 14, 29, 30

   premature atrial depolarizations, 34

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 57

   pulmonary hypertension, 58

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 82

   subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis, 174

   Takayasu arteritis, 64

   venous air embolism diagnosis, 85–6, 87

   ventricular tachycardia, 38

   Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, 43, 409

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 287, 364, 368

electrolyte abnormalities

   diabetic ketoacidosis management, 279

   thyrotoxic crisis, 275

electromyography (EMG)

   myasthenia gravis diagnosis, 152

   postpolio syndrome, 201

electrophysiology, ventricular tachycardia, 38

elliptocytosis, hereditary, 297

embolic stroke see atrial fibrillation

emerging infections, 328

Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, 101

encephalitis, herpes simplex virus infection, 325

endocrine disorders, 275–92

   end-stage renal disease, 383

   see also specific diseases/disorders

endometrial cancer, 374

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), 258

endotracheal intubation

   achondroplasia, 110, 122

   acromegaly, 281

   adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75–6

   cystic fibrosis, 92

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

   Moyamoya disease, 69

   rheumatoid arthritis, 409

   scoliosis, 140–1

   Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

   in transplant recipients, 394

      achondroplasia, 110, 122

      dwarfism, 118

end-stage liver disease, 385–6

end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 383

end-tidal carbon dioxide

   malignant hyperthermia, 269

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 82

energy metabolism disorders, myopathies see myopathies

enflurane, 80

enforced bedrest, acute spinal cord injury, 191

enlarged pulmonary artery root, Marfan syndrome, 66

enoxaparin

   American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5

   dosing regimens, 84

environmental toxins, Parkinson disease, 170

enzyme replacement therapy, Gaucher disease, 241

ependymoblastomas, 195

ephedrine

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13

   intravenous fluid management, 180

   mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

   spinal cord injury, 194

epidermolysis bullosa, 350

   immunopathology, 348

epidermolysis bullosa dystrophicans, 348

epidural analgesia/anesthesia

   achondroplasia, 104, 123

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255

   Addison disease, 285

   amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 201

   aortic stenosis, 8

   Arnold Chiari malformation, 185

   asthma labor/delivery, 80

   atrial septal defects, 17

   bacterial infections, 321

   central nervous system tumors, 173, 376

   congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, 94

   Conn syndrome, 287

   diabetes mellitus, 280

   diabetic neuropathy, 221

   dwarfism, 108, 117

   Eisenmenger syndrome, 22

   epilepsy, 170

   familial dysautonomia, 217

   Friedreich ataxia, 157, 167–89

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 397

   herpes simplex virus infection, 325

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13

   Kawasaki disease, 69

   malignant hyperthermia, 269, 270

   Marfan syndrome, 67

   mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9

   mitral stenosis, 7

   mixed valvular lesions, 9, 10

   Moyamoya disease, 69

   myotonia congenita, 108, 117–18

   myotonic dystrophy, 103, 125–6

   Noonan syndrome, 147

   obstetric palsies, 219

   osteogenesis imperfecta, 162

   Parkinson disease, 172

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 12

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   pneumothorax, 93

   polyarteritis nodosa, 415

   polycythemia vera, 302

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 59

   pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62, 63

   pulmonary artery aneurysm see pulmonary artery aneurysm

   pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 93, 95

   renal disease, 260

   scleroderma, 418

   scoliosis see scoliosis

   sickling syndromes, 296

   spina bifida cystica, 185

   spinal cord injury, 194

   stiff-joint syndrome, 279

   subarachnoid hemorrhage, 175

   syringomyelia, 205

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

   tethered cord syndrome, 207

epidural block

   autonomic hyperreflexia, 193

   Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184

epidural catheters

   anterior spinal artery syndrome, 209

   spinal cord injury, 194

epidural hematoma, cerebral trauma, 181

epilepsy, 167–70

epinephrine

   anterior spinal artery syndrome, 209

   bradycardia management, 33

   malignant hyperthermia, 269, 270

   mitral stenosis, 7

   status asthmaticus management, 79

epoprostenol, 141

Epstein–Barr virus infection

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   hepatitis, 249, 262

Epstein syndrome, 305

eptifibatide, 5

ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), 258

ergometrine

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   in heart disease, 6

   renal failure effects, 261

ergonovine, 396

   asthma cesarean section, 80

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 21, 22

ergot derivatives

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

erythema multiforme (EM), 350–1

erythema nodosum, 351

   signs and symptoms, 4, 349, 351, 353

erythrocytosis see polycythemia vera (PV)

erythromelalgia, 300

erythropoietin, 294

Escherichia coli infection, 322

   acute pyelonephritis, 260

esmolol, 52

   atrial fibrillation therapy, 38

   pheochromocytoma, 285

   thyrotoxic crisis management, 276

essential thrombocytopenia (ET), 300, 302

estrogen, pain, 229

etanercept, 353

ethambutol, 332

ethane 1-hydroxy-1,1-disphosphate (EHDP), 110, 122–3

ethosuccimide, 169

etomidate

   Addison disease, 286

   aortic stenosis, 8

   asthma, 79

   bacterial infections, 323

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   HIV infection, 324

   pheochromocytoma, 285

   Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 334

etoposide, 376

etretinate, 349

European Society of Cardiology, 20

Evan syndrome, 297

exercise, fibromyalgia therapy, 233

exercise stress electrocardiography, 14

exertional dyspnea, scoliosis, 133

exocrine gland dysfunction, cystic fibrosis, 90

exogenous surfactant, 76

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 76

extradural abscesses, 335

extubation, Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184


factor I deficiency, 294

factor II, 310

factor II deficiency, 294, 310

factor V deficiency, 294, 310–14

factor VII, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 256, 294, 384

factor VII deficiency, 294, 311

   secondary, 325

factor VIII, 294

   pregnancy, effects of, 249, 256, 294, 384

factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A), 312, 314

factor IX, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 256, 294, 384

factor IX deficiency, 294, 312

   anesthetic management, 314

factor X, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 256, 294, 313, 384

factor X deficiency, 294, 312–13

factor XI, pregnancy, effects of, 294, 313

factor XI deficiency, 294, 313

factor XII, pregnancy, effects of, 294

factor XII deficiency, 294, 313

factor XIII deficiency, 294, 313

familial dysautonomia, 217

   malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 271

family history, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161

Fanconi anemia, 298

fascioscapulo muscular dystrophy, 105

fat emboli, 88–9

Fechtner syndrome, 305

   Döhle-like bodies, 305

femoral nerve palsy, 220

fentanyl

   asthma labor/delivery, 80

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   dosages, 232

      renal failure effects, 261

   liver transplantation, 394

   Marfan syndrome, 67

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 59

ferritin, pregnancy, effects of, 294

fetal abnormalities

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254

   chronic spinal cord injury, 192

   phenylketonuria, 241

fetal cardiac rhabdomyomas, 150

fetal dysrhythmias, electroconvulsive therapy, 368

fetal magnetocardiography, 53

fetal monitoring

   malignancy, 371

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 412

fetal mortality

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 419

   diabetic ketoacidosis, 278

   idiopathic/immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 304

   parvovirus B19 infection, 327

fetal risks

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160

   intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 346

   myasthenia gravis therapy, 154

FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), heart–lung transplantation, 388

fever

   bacterial infections, 321

   malignant hyperthermia, 271

fiberoptic laryngoscopy, 122

fibrillation, ventricular see ventricular fibrillation

fibrillin-1 gene mutation, 65

fibrin deposition, 297

fibrinogen, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 255, 293, 294, 384

fibrinogen deficiency, 298

   types, 310

fibromyalgia, 232–4

fifth disease see parvovirus B19 infection

FIGO staging, malignancy, 376

FK506 see tacrolimus

flecainide, 38

   peripheral neuropathy, 224

   preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43

flexible fiberoptic pharyngo-laryngoscopy, 409

fludrocortisone, 285

fluid management

   adult respiratory distress syndrome, 76

   aortic stenosis, 8

   intracerebral hemorrhage, 176

   intravenous fluid management, 180

   neurosurgery see neurosurgery

   porphyria therapy, 245

fluoroquinolones, 333

fluoroscopy, 60

fluoxetine, teratogenesis, 366

flupentixol, 363

fluphenazine, 363

focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis, 263

focal nodular hyperplasia, 255

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 263

folic acid supplements, 168

Fontan repair, 20–1, 29

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

   analgesic drug grading, 233

   antidysrhythmic drugs, 51, 52

   category B medications, 230

   category C medications, 230

foramen magnum stenosis, achondroplasia, 108, 110, 119–20

Forbes disease, 240

forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), heart–lung transplantation, 388

forced vital capacity see FVC (forced vital capacity)

formoterol, chronic asthma therapy, 78

Friedreich ataxia, 155–7, 185, 202

      epidural analgesia/anesthesia, 167–89

fulminant subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, 182

functional residual capacity (FRC)

   dwarfism, 116

   heart–lung transplantation, 388

   scoliosis, 132, 140

furosemide, 179

FVC (forced vital capacity)

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   heart–lung transplantation, 388


gabapentin, 235

γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 258, 384

Gardnerella vaginalis infection, 322

gastrointestinal changes, end-stage renal disease, 383

gastrointestinal procedures, antibiotic prophylaxis, 5

Gaucher disease, 240–1

gender differences

   cholinergic agents, 229

   long QT syndrome, 44

   nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 229

   opioids, 229

general anesthesia

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255

   Addison disease, 285

   alcohol abuse, 224

   aortic dissection, 14

   Arnold Chiari malformation, 185

   arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158, 159

   asthma cesarean section, 80

   benign intracranial hypertension, 178

   central nervous system tumors, 376

   Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease see Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

   Conn syndrome, 287

   Cushing syndrome, 287

   cystic fibrosis, 92

   diabetes mellitus, 280

   disproportionate dwarfism, 110, 121–2

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161

   electroconvulsive therapy, 364, 368

   epilepsy, 170

   factor V deficiency, 311

   familial dysautonomia, 217

   Friedreich ataxia, 157

   Gaucher disease, 241

   Gorlin disease, 145

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 397

   herpes simplex virus infection, 325

   hydrocephalus with shunt, 178

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13

   hypoparathyroidism, 289

   inflammatory myopathies, 110, 122

   Laron dwarfism, 118

   liver disease emergencies, 257

   malignant bone marrow disorders, 302

   malignant hyperthermia, 270–1

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   May–Hegglin anomaly, 306

   McArdle disease, 239

   mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9, 10

   mitral stenosis, 7–8

   myasthenia gravis see myasthenia gravis (MG)

   myotonia congenita, 108, 118

   myotonic dystrophy, 104, 117

   neurofibromatosis, 149, 218

   osteogenesis imperfecta, 162, 163

   paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 299

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 12

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   pheochromocytoma, 284–5

   pneumothorax, 93

   porphyria, 245

   primary pulmonary hypertension see primary pulmonary hypertension

   pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62

   scleroderma, 418

   sickling syndromes, 296

   spinal muscular atrophy see spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)

   Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184

   subarachnoid hemorrhage, 175

   syringomyelia, 205–6

   thromboembolic disease, 85

   thyrotoxic crisis, 276

   Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 334

   varicella zoster virus infection, 326

gene therapy, cystic fibrosis, 90

genetic counseling, congenital myotonic dystrophy, 103, 121–6

genitourinary antibiotic prophylaxis, 5

genotype–phenotype correlations, Marfan syndrome, 65

geographical epidemiology, hepatitis C, 250, 264

German measles see rubella (German measles)

germ cell cancer, 374

gestational thrombocytopenia see thrombocytopenia

gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), 376

gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), 376

Gitelmann syndrome, 250, 264

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), 303, 306

Glenn repair, 21, 30

gliomas, 173

   epidemiology, 375

globulins (serum), albumin ratio, 384

α-globulins (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 250, 384

β-globulins (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 250, 384

γ-globulins (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 250, 384

globulins (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 255, 384

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

   chronic renal failure, 258

   normal pregnancy, 258

glomerulonephritis, 249, 250, 262, 263

glucocorticoids

   Addison disease management, 285

   systemic lupus erythematosus therapy, 412

glucose

   hypoglycemic coma management, 279

   thyrotoxic crisis, 275

glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), 384

glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), 384

glutathione S-transferase alpha, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253, 346

glyceryl trinitrate see nitroglycerin

glycogen storage diseases, 104, 239–40

glycolysis defects, 104

glycopyrrolate, porphyria, 245

gold, rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407

Goodpasture syndrome, 250, 262

Gorlin disease, 145, 146

Gorlin–Golty syndrome see Gorlin disease

gradient estimation, aortic stenosis, 8

Graves disease

   hyperthyroidism, 275

   maternal, thyroid disease in neonates, 277

grey platelet syndrome (αSPD), 306, 308, 309–10

   anesthesia, 307

growth hormone resistance, Laron dwarfism, 115

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), 218

Guthrie test, phenylketonuria, 241


hair growth, normal pregnancy, 345

Hallopeau–Siemens syndrome, 348

haloperidol

   schizophrenia, 363

   teratogenesis, 363

halothane

   asthma, cesarean section, 80

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   HIV infection, 324

   porphyria, 245

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, 327–8

head and neck cancers, 375

heart abnormalities

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 412–13

heart disease

   anesthetic management, 5–6

   classification, 39

   clinical history, 2, 3–4

   disproportionate dwarfism, 125

   dysrhythmias, 39

   management, 3–6

   maternal mortality, 3

   Noonan syndrome, 147

   postpartum period, 6, 7

      invasive monitoring, 6

   structural, 1–18

      dysrhythmias, 40

      incidence, 1

      New York Heart Association classification, 1

      see also specific diseases/disorders

   tuberous sclerosis, 151

   vaginal vs. cesarean section delivery, 6

heart disease, conduction disorders, 21, 29, 52

   assessment, 21, 30–2

   impulse generation, 29

   impulse propagation, 29

heart failure, Takayasu arteritis, 64

heart lesions, cyanotic congenital see cyanotic congenital heart lesions

heart–lung transplantation, 386–8

   anesthetic management, 396–8

      aseptic techniques, 382–3

      bronchoconstriction, 398

      invasive monitoring, 396

      transesophageal echocardiography, 396

      volatile agents, 398

   case reports, 388

   hemodynamic indices, 387–8

   obliterative bronchiolitis, 388

   obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome, 388

   physiological effects, 387

   pregnancy, 382

   pulmonary function, 388

   rejection, 388

   statistics, 382

   see also heart transplantation

heart rate, 21, 29, 30

   atrial septal defect management, 17

   in heart transplant recipients, 387

   mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9

heart rhythm, pregnancy, effects of, 30

heart sounds, 63

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 57

heart transplantation, 386–8

   anesthetic management, 396–8

      aseptic techniques, 382–3

   dysrhythmias, 40–1

   hemodynamic indices, 387–8

   maternal complications, 386

   pathophysiology, 387

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11–12

   preconception considerations, 386–7

   pregnancy, 382, 387

   see also heart–lung transplantation

helper T cell balance, bacterial infections, 321

hemabate see prostaglandin F2-alpha

hemangioblastomas, 151

hemangiolipomas, 196

hemangiomas, 196, 197

hematological diseases/disorders

   end-stage renal disease, 383

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

   see also specific diseases/disorders

hematological malignancies, 377

hematological matching, antiphospholipid syndrome, 419

hematologic evaluation

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 413–14

hematomas, 181

   spinal see spinal hematoma

hemodynamics

   aortic stenosis, 8

   atrial fibrillation, 37

   atrial flutter therapy, 37

   cesarean section, 6

   heart disease, 6

   heart–lung transplantation, 387–8

   heart transplantation, 387–8

   monitoring, 92

   pheochromocytoma management, 284

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 84

hemoglobin C homozygosity, 295

hemoglobin E homozygosity, 295

hemoglobinopathies, 294, 295

   see also specific diseases/disorders

hemoglobin S (Hb S)

   Hb E combination, 295

   Hb F combination, 295

hemoglobin SC (Hb SC), 295

hemoglobin SD (Hb SD), 295

hemoglobin SS (Hb SS) see sickling syndromes

hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, 307, 308

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254

   typhoid fever vs., 334

hemolytic anemias, 296–7

hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 249, 262, 307, 308

hemophilia A see factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A)

hemophilia B see factor IX deficiency

hemoptysis, 60

hemorrhagic shock, 386

hemothorax, 60

Henoch–Schönlein purpura, 309

heparin

   American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 419

   cerebral ischemia therapy, 177

   deep vein thrombosis management, 82–4

   dosing regimens, 84

   hypercoagulable states, 314

   induced thrombocytopenia, 4

   during pregnancy, 4

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 84

   scoliosis, 137

   thromboembolic disease, 85

   see also low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)

hepatic adenoma, 255

hepatic blood flow, 249, 255

hepatitis A, 249, 254, 258–65

hepatitis B, 249, 250, 256, 258–9

   diagnosis, 250, 262

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   incidence, 250, 262–4

   interferon therapy, 250, 262–3

   transmission, 250, 262–3

hepatitis C, 249, 250, 256, 259

   geographical epidemiology, 250, 264

   HIV coinfection, 250, 264

   incidence, 250, 263–4

   liver function tests, 250, 264

   transmission, 250, 264

hepatitis D, 249, 250, 259–60

hepatitis E, 249, 250, 260, 261

hepatitis G, 249, 250, 260–1, 263

hepatocellular carcinoma, 255

hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson disease), 249, 250, 251, 256

hereditary angioedema, 353

hereditary chronic pancreatitis, 197

hereditary coproporphyria (HC), 242

hereditary elliptocytosis, 297

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), 60, 62, 309

hereditary myopathies, 101–4

hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), 216–17

hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HSMN) type I see Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HSMN) type II see Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HSMN) type III, 216

hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HSMN) type IV, 216

hereditary spherocytosis, 296–7

hereditary stomatocytosis, 297

Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, 306

herpes gestationis see pemphigoid of pregnancy

herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, 325

   dermatoses, 354

   hepatitis, 249, 261

   type I, 325, 354

   type 2, 325, 354

highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 324

hip replacements, 408

histamine H2-receptor blockers

   familial dysautonomia, 217

   hyperemesis gravidarum management, 252

   malignant hyperthermia, 269, 271

HIV infection, 323–5, 354

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   hepatitis C coinfection, 250, 264

   peripheral neuropathy, 222

   platelet disorders, 303

HLA typing, bone marrow failure syndromes, 299

HOCM see hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

Hodgkin disease, 301

   incidence, 371

Holter monitor study, 34

homocystinuria, 240, 242, 269–73

Horder spots, Chlamydia psittaci infection, 334

hormonal changes, epilepsy, 168

hormonal therapy, pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 95

hospitalization

   acute asthma, 79

   acute pneumothorax, 93

   hyperemesis gravidarum, 252

human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, bone marrow failure syndromes, 299

human papillomavirus infection, 325–6

   dermatoses, 354

   vulvar cancer, 374

humeral muscular dystrophy, 105

hydatid disease, 249, 257

hydralazine

   intravenous fluid management, 180

   spinal cord injury, 193

hydrocephalus

   achondroplasia, 120

   etiology, 178

   spina bifida cystica, 203

   subarachnoid hemorrhage, 174

hydrocephalus with shunt, 178

hydrocortisone

   Addison disease management, 285

   asthma labor/delivery, 80

   status asthmaticus management, 79

hydronephrosis, 1, 262

hydrops fetalis, 327

hydroxychloroquine

   rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407, 408

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 412

21-hydroxylase deficiency, 287

5-hydroxytryptamine, 366

hypercalcemia

   kidney transplantation, 383

   presenting symptoms, 289

hypercarbia

   renal disease, 260

   venous air embolism, 85

hypercholesterolemia, 389

hypercoagulation, 314

   thromboembolic disease, 81

hyperemesis gravidarum, 251, 252

   liver transplantation, 345, 385

   transient hyperthyroidism, 275

hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis management, 279

hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 280

   characteristics, 280

hyperimmune globulin therapy, 325

hyperkalemia

   chronic renal failure, 259

   renal disease, 260

   spinal cord injury, 195

hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, 108

   muscle weakness, 108, 119, 120

hypermagnesemia

   chronic renal failure, 259

   myasthenia gravis, 154

   renal disease, 260

hyperparathyroidism, 275, 288–9

hyperpigmentation, 345

hyperserotoninergic state, 367

hypertension

   chronic renal failure, 259

   cyclosporine, 391

   pheochromocytoma, 283

   pregnancy in kidney transplantation, 383

   renal replacement therapy, 264

   scleroderma, 405, 416–17

   Takayasu arteritis, 64

hyperthermia, malignant see malignant hyperthermia

hyperthyroidism, 269, 270, 275–6, 288

   see also thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)

hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), 12–13

hyperventilation

   electroconvulsive therapy, 368

   malignant hyperthermia, 270, 271

   in pregnancy, 1

hyperviscosity, 18

hypervolemia, 180

hypocalcemia correction, 350

hypofibrinogenemia, 310

hypoglycemic coma, 182, 279

   clinical features, 279

   etiology, 19

   incidence, 279

   insulinomas, 182

   management, 279

hypokalemia, 46

hypomagnesemia, 46

hypomania see manic depressive illness

hyponatremia, 252

hypoparathyroidism, 289

hypoprothrombinemia, 310

hypotension

   amniotic fluid embolism, 88

   aortic stenosis, 8

   heart transplantation, 396

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13

   spinal cord injury, 194

   Takayasu arteritis, 64

hypothermia, McArdle disease, 240

hypothyroidism, 276–7

   management

      levothyroxine, 277

      thyroid replacement therapy, 277

   skeletal muscle effects, 277

   subclinical, 277

   trophoblastic disease, 377

hypotonia, 120

hypoventilation, 134

hypovolemia

   chronic renal failure, 259

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

hypoxemia

   adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75

   amniotic fluid embolism, 88

   pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 59

   scoliosis, 134, 137

   venous air embolism, 85


ibuprofen, dosages, 232

ICD see implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)

idiopathic aplastic anemia, 297–8

idiopathic facial (VII) nerve palsy, 219

idiopathic/immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 303, 304

idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, 357

idiopathic scoliosis see scoliosis

imaging, central nervous system disorders, 167

immunoglobulin A nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, 263

immunosuppressive drugs, 389–93

   anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 394

   aplastic anemia, 297

   congenital defects, 389

   monoclonal antibodies, 393

   myasthenia gravis therapy, 152, 153, 154

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   during pregnancy, 390, 395

   systemic lupus erythematosus therapy, 412

   transplantation, 389

   see also specific drugs

immunotherapy, dermatoses, 351, 353

impedance plethysmography, 82

impetigo herpetiformis see pustular psoriasis of pregnancy

implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)

   arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, 53

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

impulse generation, 29

impulse propagation, 29

inclusion-body myositis

   dermatoses, 357

   inflammatory myopathies, 110, 120

increased intracranial pressure management, 179

induced thrombocytopenia, 4

induction agents

   hypothyroidism, 277

infantile scoliosis, 129

infectious diseases, 321–42

   anesthetic management, 335

   central nervous system disorders, 173

   emerging infections, 328

   peripheral neuropathy, 222

   renal disease, 260

   transplantation, 389

   tropical diseases, 323–8

   see also specific infections

infectious embolism, 89

infective endocarditis, 4

inflammation, bacterial infections, 321

inflammatory mediators, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75

inflammatory myopathies, 108–10

   anesthetic management, 84

   dermatomyositis, 108, 119–20

   extramuscular manifestations, 110

   general anesthetic, 110, 122

   inclusion-body myositis, 110, 120

   muscle strength monitoring, 110, 122

   overlap syndrome, 110, 121–2

   polymyositis, 108, 120

   therapy, 110

inflammatory pain, 229

infliximab, 353

influenza, 327

inhaled nitric oxide, 22

inheritance

   cystic fibrosis, 89

   Gorlin disease, 145

   muscular dystrophies, 101, 107, 115–28

   tuberous sclerosis, 149

inherited hemolytic anemias, 296–7

inherited renal disease, 250, 262–4

inlet atrioventricular (AV) canal, 17

inotropes

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

   tetralogy of Fallot, 19

inspired volumes, scoliosis-pregnancy interactions, 135

insulin, diabetic ketoacidosis management, 279

insulinomas, 182

intensive care, acute asthma management, 79

interferon alpha therapy

   essential thrombocytopenia, 300

   thyroid disease effects, 277

interferon therapy, hepatitis B, 250, 262–3

interleukins, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75

intermediary metabolism disorders, 239–47

   see also specific diseases/disorders

interstitial lung disease, 95

intracerebral hematomas, 181

intracerebral hemorrhage, 174, 175–6

intracranial lesions, 168

intracranial pressure (ICP)

   central nervous system tumors, 375

   prolactinoma, 280

intracranial pressure (ICP), increased, 178–80

   analgesia, 175, 179

   anesthesia, 179, 180–1

      segmental lumbar epidural anesthesia, 176, 180

intrahepatic cholecystitis of pregnancy, 345

intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 249–53, 345–7

   differential diagnosis, 345, 347, 390

intrathecal opioids, 139see opioids

intrauterine growth restriction, asthma, 77

intravascular volume assessment, renal disease, 260

intravenous access, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161

intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)

   myasthenia gravis therapy, 153, 154

   rubeola in pregnancy, 327

intubation see endotracheal intubation

in-utero echocardiography, 4

invasive monitoring

   heart disease, 6

   heart–lung transplantation anesthetic management, 396

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy management, 12

   mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 82

   scoliosis, 138

   Takayasu arteritis, 64

invasive venography, deep vein thrombosis, 82

iodide solutions, thyrotoxic crisis management, 276

123iodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine scans, 284

ipratropium, 79

ischemia, central nervous system disorders, 176–81

ischemic heart disease, 40

isoflurane

   asthma cesarean section, 80

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   cyclosporine interactions, 392

   heart transplantation, 396

   HIV infection, 324

   porphyria, 245

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 59

isolated atrial septal defects, 16

isolated growth hormone deficiency, 101, 115

isoniazid

   peripheral neuropathy, 224

   tuberculosis therapy, 332

isoproterenol, 33

isotope scanning, 82


jaundice

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254

   liver transplantation, 384

Jervell, Lange–Nielsen syndrome, 44, 45


kala-azar, 334–5

Kasabach–Merritt coagulopathy, 70

Katayama fever see schistosomiasis

Kawasaki disease, 69

KCNE1 gene, 45

KCNQ1 gene, 45

Kennedy disease, 200

ketamine

   asthma, 79

   bacterial infections, 321–3

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   fibromyalgia, 234

   myasthenia gravis, 155

   Parkinson disease, 172

   post cesarean section pain, 234, 235

   renal failure effects, 261

   viral hepatitis, 252

ketoconazole, 287

kidney dialysis see renal replacement therapy (dialysis)

kidney disease see renal disease/disorders

kidney transplantation, 381–4

   anesthetic management, 394

   optimum function, 395

      preeclampsia, 49

      see also specific diseases/disorders

   see also pancreas–kidney transplantation

King–Denborough syndrome (King disease), 104

Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, post lumbar puncture, 335

Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome (KTWS), 69, 183, 184

   characteristics, 69

   Kasabach–Merritt coagulopathy, 70

   vascular abnormalities, 68–9

   VG5Q gene, 69

Kugelberg–Welander disease (spinal muscular atrophy type III), 137, 197

kyphoscoliosis, 129

   achondroplasia, 120

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159

   Friedreich ataxia, 156

   spina bifida cystica, 203

   spinal muscular atrophy, 197, 198


labetalol, 180

labetalol, pheochromocytoma, 284, 285

labor

   asthma see asthma

   dysrhythmias, 29

   scoliosis, 138

labor pain, 1

lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 258, 384

landiolol, Marfan syndrome, 68

large loop excision, 373

Laron dwarfism, 101, 115–18

Larsen syndrome, 126

laryngeal cancer, therapy, 375

laryngoscopy, heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

laser therapy

   human papillomavirus infection, 326

   tracheal stenosis, 94

Lassa hemorrhagic fever, 335

latex allergy, spina bifida cystica, 204

laudanosine, epileptic effects, 170

LEA see lumbar epidural analgesia (LEA)

lead, peripheral neuropathy, 223

lead palsy, 223

leflunomide, 407

left anterior fascicular blocks, 33

left bundle branch block (LBBB), 33

left cervicothoracic sympathectomy, 46, 47, 49

left uterine displacement, amniotic fluid embolism management, 88

left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), 8

leishmaniasis, 334–5

leprosy, 222

Leptospira infections, 330

leukemias, 301

   anesthetic management, 302

   cesarean section, 302

   incidence, 301, 371

leukotriene modifiers, 78

leukotriene receptor antagonists, 78

levobupivacaine, 235

levodopa

   Parkinson disease therapy, 171

   side effects, 171

levothyroxine, 277

lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP), 348

lidocaine, 52

   asthma, 79

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   epileptic effects, 170

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   premature ventricular depolarization, 34

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

   ventricular tachycardia, 39

life expectancy, transplantation, 381

ligamentous laxity

   pubic pain, 231

   rheumatoid arthritis, 408

limb girdle muscular dystrophy, 104, 105

linear IgA dermatosis, 348

lipid metabolism disorders, 104–8

lipomas, 196

Listeria monocytogenes infection, 322

   transplant recipients, 389

lithium, 365

   Ebstein anomaly, 365

   peripheral neuropathy, 224

lithotomy position, peripheral neuropathy prevention, 225

Little People of America, 115

live birth rate

   chronic renal failure, 259

   renal disease, 259

livedo reticularis (LR), 352

liver biopsy, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 346

liver disease, 249–58, 272

   see also specific diseases/disorders

liver function tests

   hepatitis C, 250, 264

   normal pregnancy, 249, 250, 254

liver–kidney transplants, 382

liver rupture, 249, 257

liver transplantation, 384–6

   anesthetic management, 394–6

   hepatolenticular degeneration, 256

   hyperemesis gravidarum, 345, 385

   pregnancy, 382

   statistics, 382

liver tumors, 249, 255

lobular capillary hemangioma, 352–3

local anesthesia

   fibromyalgia therapy, 233

   post cesarean section pain therapy, 235

   pubic pain therapy, 232

   see also specific types

long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254

long QT syndrome (LQTS), 29, 44–9

losartan, Marfan syndrome management, 66

Lou–Gehrig disease see amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

low birthweights, scoliosis, 136

low-dose local anesthetic, peripheral neuropathy prevention, 225

lower limb neuropathies see neuropathies, lower limb

low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)

   American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5

   deep vein thrombosis management, 84

   dosage, 84

   dosage, renal failure effects, 261

   hypercoagulable states, 314

   during pregnancy, 4

   valvulotomy, 10

lumbar disc prolapse, 141

lumbar epidural analgesia (LEA)

   arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158

   cystic fibrosis, 92

   increased intracranial pressure, 176, 180

   neurofibromatosis, 149

   Noonan syndrome, 147

   scoliosis, 140

   Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184

   tuberous sclerosis, 151

lumbar puncture, infectious diseases, 335

lumbosacral plexus injury, 219–20

lung cancer, 377

lung diseases/disorders see under pulmonary; specific diseases

lung surfactant, 76

lung transplantation

   cystic fibrosis therapy, 90

   primary pulmonary hypertension therapy, 58

Lyell syndrome see toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome)

Lyme disease, 350

lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), 150, 151

lymphocytic hypophysitis, 282

lymphomas, 301

   anesthetic management, 302

lyonization effects, factor VIII deficiency, 312

lysosomal storage disorders, 240–1

   see also specific diseases/disorders


M1 antagonists, heart transplantation, 396

M2 antagonists, heart transplantation, 396

macroadenomas, 280

macrolide antibiotics, 334

magnesium

   chronic depletion, 41

   dysrhythmias, 41

magnesium sulfate

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   chronic spinal cord injury, 192

   pheochromocytoma, 288–9

   seizure disorders management, 168

   spinal cord injury, 194

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

   central nervous system disorders, 167

   deep vein thrombosis diagnosis, 82

   intracerebral hemorrhage diagnosis, 175

   lumbar disc prolapse, 141

   Marfan syndrome, 67

   pheochromocytoma diagnosis, 284

   pituitary gland disorders, 280

   spina bifida occulta, 202

   spinal cord tumors, 195

   tethered cord syndrome, 206

major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), pemphigoid of pregnancy, 347

malaria, 330–1

malar rash, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

malignancy, 371–9

   myopathies, 110

   neurofibromatosis type 1–18, 148–9

      see also specific tumors/cancers

malignant hyperthermia, 240, 269–73

      thyrotoxic crisis vs., 275

malignant melanoma, 352, 377

   ABCDE markings, 351

   anesthetic management, 352

   incidence, 345, 351, 371

   risk factors, 352

malpresentation

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160

   scoliosis, 138

manic depressive illness, 364–8

   management see specific drugs/medications

mannitol, intracranial pressure, 179

Marburg hemorrhagic fever, 335

Marfan syndrome (MFS), 65–9

   aortic dissection, 13

Marshall–Smith syndrome, 126

mastocytosis, 343

   cutaneous, 343, 353–9

      signs and symptoms, 359

   systemic, 359

      diagnosis, 359

      signs and symptoms, 343, 359

maternal Graves disease, thyroid disease in neonates, 277

maternal hydrops, 314–15

maternal mortality see mortality

maternal thrombocytopenia, Gaucher disease, 241

May–Hegglin anomaly, 293, 303, 305–6

   cesarean section, 306

   general anesthesia, 306

McArdle disease, 239, 240

MDMA toxicity, malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 271

mean cell volume (MCV), pregnancy, effects of, 294

measles see rubeola (measles)

measles, German see rubella (German measles)

measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, 327

mebendazole, 257

mechanical ventilation

   Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 216

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 84

medical history

   anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393

   coma, 182

medicolegal implications, coma, 182

mefloquine, 331

melanoma, malignant see malignant melanoma

membrane disorders, hemolytic anemias, 296

membrane pemphigoid, 348

membranous nephropathy, 263

MEN see multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)

meningiomas, 173

   epidemiology, 375

   spinal cord tumors see spinal cord tumors

meningitis, 335

meningocele, 202

mental retardation, cytomegalovirus infection, 325

meperidine

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   dosages, 232

      renal failure effects, 261

   epileptic effects, 170

   porphyria therapy, 245

   spinal cord injury, 194

meralgia paresthetica, 220, 235

mercury, peripheral neuropathy, 223

mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, 263

mesodermal spina bifida occulta, 202

metabolic abnormalities

   hemolytic anemias, 296

   see also specific diseases/disorders

metabolic acidosis, chronic renal failure, 259

metastases, 195

   breast cancer, 372

methalaminopropionitrile, 223

methohexital

   electroconvulsive therapy, 364, 368

   epileptic effects, 169

methotrexate

   rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407

   trophoblastic disease therapy, 376

methyldopa

   Conn syndrome management, 287

   renal failure effects, 261

methyl-n-butyl ketone, 223

methylprednisolone

   chronic asthma therapy, 78

   postcesarean section pain, 235

   status asthmaticus management, 79

metoclopramide, 230

   familial dysautonomia, 217

   malignant hyperthermia, 269, 271

   porphyria, 245

   renal failure effects, 261

metoprolol, dosages, 232

metronidazole, 224

metyrapone, 287

MHC class II, pemphigoid of pregnancy, 347

microangiopathic disorders, 303

midazolam

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   panic disorder management, 369

   renal failure effects, 261

   seizure disorders management, 168

Mieschers radial granulomas, 351

migraine, 229–31

milrinone, 11

mineralocorticoids, 285

minicore myopathies, 104

minimal change nephropathy, 263

minute ventilation (MV), 135

Mirror syndrome, 314

missile injuries, cerebral trauma, 181

mitochondrial disorders, 108

mitral insufficiency see mitral regurgitation/insufficiency

mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9, 10

mitral stenosis, 6–8

   dysrhythmias, 40

mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 10–11, 40, 41

   Marfan syndrome, 66

   scoliosis, 133

mitral valve replacement, 10

mivacurium, 155

mixed valvular lesions, 9–10

Mobitz type I atrioventricular (AV) blocks, 32

Mobitz type II atrioventricular (AV) blocks, 32–3

modified radical mastectomy, 371

monitoring

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 21

   thyrotoxic crisis, 276

monkeypox infection, 328

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 367

   type B

      panic disorder therapy, 369

      Parkinson disease therapy, 171

monoclonal antibodies, immunosuppressive drugs, 393

monomelic amyotrophy, 200

montelukast, 78

Morbiluncus infection, 322

morphine

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   HIV infection, 324–5

   liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394

   renal failure effects, 261

morphologic left ventricle, Fontan repair, 20

morphologic right ventricle, Fontan repair, 20

mortality

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 419

   cerebral trauma, 181

   Eisenmenger syndrome, 21

   malaria, 330, 331

   maternal

      heart disease, 3

      pregnancy in kidney transplantation, 383

      scoliosis, 135

      sickle cell embolism, 89

      sickling syndromes, 295

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 411

   tuberculosis, 331

motor neuron disorders, 200

mouth cancer therapy, 375

Moyamoya disease, 68–9

mucociliary dysfunction, scoliosis, 140

mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, 334

mucolipidoses II, 241

mucus retention, cystic fibrosis, 89

multidisciplinary teams, heart disease, 4

multidrug chemotherapy, trophoblastic disease therapy, 377

multifocal atrial tachycardia, 35

multigenic inheritance, malignant hyperthermia, 269

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)

   pheochromocytoma, 283, 283

multiple lesions, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 61

multiple myeloma, 301

muscle cramps, McArdle disease, 240

muscle destruction, malignant hyperthermia, 269

muscle membrane excitability disorders see myopathies

muscle relaxants, heart transplantation, 396

muscle strength monitoring

   inflammatory myopathies, 110, 122

   myasthenia gravis, 155

muscle weakness

   hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, 108, 119, 120

   spinal muscular atrophy, 198

muscular dystrophies, 101, 105

   echocardiography, 101, 115

   inheritance, 101, 107, 115–28

   see also specific diseases/disorders

musculoskeletal problems

   end-stage renal disease, 383

   osteogenesis imperfecta, 162

Mustard procedure, 21, 32

   transposition of the great vessels, 40

mutations

   Friedreich ataxia, 155

   Gorlin disease, 145

   hepatolenticular degeneration, 256

   long QT syndrome, 44

   Parkinson disease, 170

MVP see mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

myasthenia gravis (MG), 152–5

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection see tuberculosis

mycophenolate mofetil, 389, 393

   myasthenia gravis therapy, 153

mycoplasma, Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

Mycoplasma hominis infection, 322

myelofibrosis, 301

myelography, central nervous system disorders, 167

myelography, tethered cord syndrome, 206

myelomeningocele, 202

   spina bifida cystica, 203

myeloproliferative disorders, Philadelphia negative, 299–301

   see also specific diseases/disorders

MYH9-related disease, 305–6

myocardial infarction, 14–15

myofascial trigger points, fibromyalgia therapy, 233

myopathies, 101–18

   malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 270

   muscle membrane excitability disorders, 108–10, 117

      see also myotonia congenita

   see also specific diseases/disorders

myositis ossificans progressiva, 110

   cesarean section, 110, 123

   ethane 1-hydroxy-1,1-disphosphate, 110, 122–3

myotonia

   myopathies, 108, 117

   paramyotonia congenita, 108, 119

myotonia atrophica see myotonic dystrophy

myotonia congenita, 108, 117–18

myotonic crisis see myotonic dystrophy

myotonic dystrophy, 101–2

   anesthetic management, 103–4

   clinical features, 101, 102, 116–17, 118

      myotonic handshake, 101, 115–16

   congenital, 102–3

      genetic counseling, 103, 121–6

      transmission, 102, 121

   incidence, 101, 115–18

   myotonic crisis, 103

      neostigmine, 104, 117

      prevention, 103

      therapy, 103

   obstetrical complications, 102

   postpartum period, 104

   pregnancy, 101–2

      anesthesia, 103–4

      cesarean section, 103, 116

      combined spinal–epidural analgesia/anesthesia, 103, 116

      deterioration, 101, 118–20

      epidural anesthesia, 103, 125–6

      general anesthesia, 104, 117

      nifedipine, 102, 121

      preeclampsia, 102, 121

      premature labor, 102

      preoperative investigations, 103, 122–5

      spinal anesthesia, 103, 126

      tocolytic therapy, 102, 121

      uterine contractions, 102, 120–1

      verapamil, 102, 121

   type I, 101, 117, 118

   type II, 101, 118

myotonic handshake, 101, 115–16


naproxen, dosages, 232

narrow-complex tachydysrhythmias, 34

narrow-QRS-complex tachycardias see supraventricular tachycardias (SVT)

National Comprehensive Cancer Network, breast cancer therapy guidelines, 372

National Transplantation Pregnancy Register (NTPR), 381, 392

NDMR, 157

nedocromil, 78

negative-pressure ventilation, scoliosis, 137

Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, 322, 389

   dermatoses, 350

Nelson syndrome, 281

nemaline myopathies, 104, 122

neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), 309

neonates

   acute cardiac decompensation, 141

   human papillomavirus infection, 326

   lesions, pemphigoid of pregnancy, 348

   lupus, 411

   malignant hyperthermia diagnosis, 269

   myasthenia gravis monitoring, 153

   phenylketonuria screening, 241

   thyroid disease see thyroid disease

neonates thrombocytopenia, 304

neoplasms, central nervous system see central nervous system disorders

neostigmine

   dosages, 154

      renal failure effects, 261

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

   myasthenia gravis, 154

   myotonic crisis, 104, 117

   porphyria, 245

nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 281

nephrotoxicity, cyclosporine, 391

neural spina bifida occulta, 202

neuraxial anesthesia

   achondroplasia, 120

   atrial septal defects, 17

   bacterial infections, 321

   breast cancer, 372

   dengue virus infection, 329

   factor XI deficiency, 313

   Friedreich ataxia, 157

   heart disease, 5

   lower limb neuropathies, 220

   neurofibromatosis, 149

   patent ductus arteriosus, 18

   peripheral neuropathy, 225

   spina bifida cystica, 204

   thrombocytopenia, 299

   thromboembolic disease, 85

neuroacoustic neuromas, 218

neurocutaneous disorders, 148–51

   see also specific diseases/disorders

neuroectodermal syndromes, pheochromocytoma, 283

neurofibromatosis, 148–9, 218, 352

   pheochromocytoma, 283

   spinal involvement, 196

   type 2, 217–18

neurolemmomas, 196

neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 364

   malignant hyperthermia vs., 269

   Parkinson disease, 172

   thyrotoxic crisis vs., 275

neuroleptics, HIV infection, 324

neurological abnormalities

   achondroplasia, 120

   cyclosporine, 392

   end-stage renal disease, 383

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 410, 413

   tacrolimus, 392

   thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308

   tuberous sclerosis, 150

neuromuscular blocking agents

   Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 216

   cyclosporine interactions, 392

   hepatolenticular degeneration, 256

neuromuscular disease

   acute porphyria, 244

neuropathic pain see pain, chronic

neuropathies

   lower limb, 219–20

   post cesarean section pain, 235

   upper limb, 219

neurosurgery (during pregnancy), 179, 180–1

   benign intracranial hypertension, 177–8

nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome see Gorlin disease

new acute dysrhythmias, 30

New York Heart Association (NYHA)

   class I, 1

   class II, 1

   class III, 1

   class IV, 1, 4

   functional capacity, 3

   objective assessment, 3

   structural heart disease classification, 1

nifedipine

   intravenous fluid management, 180

   myotonic dystrophy, 102, 121

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

   spinal cord injury, 194

nitric oxide

   acute cardiac decompensation, 141

   adult respiratory distress syndrome, 76, 93

nitrofurantoin, 224

nitroglycerin

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   intravenous fluid, 180

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   renal failure effects, 261

   spinal cord injury, 194

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

nitroprusside

   intravenous fluid, 180

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   pheochromocytoma, 285

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

nitrous oxide

   asthma, cesarean section, 80

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   cystic fibrosis, 91

   heart transplantation, 396

   Parkinson disease, 172

   porphyria, 245

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 59

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

nonachondroplastic dwarfism, 102, 121

nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (NDMR)

   malignant hyperthermia, 270, 271

   myasthenia gravis, 155

nonHodgkin lymphoma, 301

noninvasive echocardiography, 32

noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring

   achondroplasia, 122

   heart disease, 6

nonparoxysmal atrial tachycardia, 35

nonpharmacologic intervention, Parkinson disease, 171

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

   back pain therapy, 231

   gender differences, 229

   migraine therapy, 230

   post cesarean section pain, 235

   renal failure effects, 261

   rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407, 410

   systemic lupus erythematosus therapy, 412

   thrombocytopenia, 303

nonstructural scoliosis, 129

Noonan syndrome, 145–8

norepinephrine

   acute cardiac decompensation, 141

   malignant hyperthermia, 269, 270

normochromic normocytic anemia, chronic renal failure, 259

5′ nucleotidase, pregnancy, effects of, 250

nutritional status, cystic fibrosis, 91


obliterative bronchiolitis, heart–lung transplantation, 388

obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome, heart–lung transplantation, 388

obstetric cholestasis see intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

obstetric management see specific diseases/disorders

obstetric palsies, 219

obstructive sleep apnea, 135

obstructive ventilatory patters, Parkinson disease, 172

obturator nerve palsy, 220

occlusive thromboarteropathy see Takayasu arteritis

OKT3, 345, 389, 393

ondansetron therapy, 347

1226G (N370S) mutation, 241

opioids

   asthma labor/delivery, 80

   cyclosporine interactions, 392

   epileptic effects, 169

   fibromyalgia therapy, 233, 234

   gender differences, 229

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

   HIV infection, 324

   intrathecal

      peripartum cardiomyopathy, 12

      pulmonary artery aneurysm, 63

   myasthenia gravis, 155

   Parkinson disease, 172

   peripheral neuropathy prevention, 225

   porphyria therapy, 245

   scoliosis labor analgesia, 140

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

oral ulcers, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

orthodromic AV reentrant tachycardia, 43

orthopnea, normal pregnancy, 1

orthostatic hypertension, heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

orthostatic syncope, normal pregnancy, 1

Ortner syndrome, 57

Osler–Weber–Rendu disease see hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)

Osserman classification, myasthenia gravis, 152

osteogenesis imperfecta, 161–3

   clinical features, 147

   malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 271

osteoporosis

   liver transplantation, 386

   prednisone, 389

osteoporosis of pregnancy, 129, 141–2

ovarian cancer, 373–4

   incidence, 371

overlap syndrome, inflammatory myopathies, 110, 121–2

oxycodone, renal failure effects, 261

oxygen

   amniotic fluid embolism management, 88

   cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 53

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

   heart–lung transplantation, 388

   malignant hyperthermia, 269

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 14, 15

   pneumothorax, 93

   scoliosis, 137

   status asthmaticus management, 79

oxytocin

   asthma cesarean section, 80

   bacterial infections, 321

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

   in heart disease, 6

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   Takayasu arteritis, 65


pacemakers, 49

   anesthetic management, 49, 51

      assessment, 50

   long QT syndrome therapy, 46

   in pregnancy, 47, 49

   second degree atrioventricular blocks, 49

   tachydysrhythmias, 49

   third degree atrioventricular blocks, 33, 49

padding, hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies management, 217

pain

   acute, 229

   chronic, 229–38

      definition, 229

   classification, 229

   definition, 229

   drug dosages, 232

   gender differences, 229

      estrogen, 229

      progesterone, 229

   somatic sensitivity, 229

   tethered cord syndrome, 206

paired tender points, fibromyalgia, 233

pancreas

   endocrine diseases of, 278–80

   see also specific diseases/disorders

pancreas–kidney transplantation, 381–4

   anesthetic management, 394

   diabetes mellitus type 1, 384

   pregnancy

      considerations, 382

      rejection, 384

   statistics, 382

   see also kidney transplantation

pancreatitis, 249, 258

   chronic hereditary, 197

pancuronium

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   renal failure effects, 261

pandemics, influenza, 327

panhypopituitarism, 282

   anesthetic management, 282

panic disorder, 368–9

Papanicolaou (Pap) screening, 373

paracervical block, 80

paracetamol see acetaminophen

paradoxical air embolism, 85, 86

paramyotonia congenita, 108

   myotonia, 108, 119

   tocainide therapy, 108, 118

parathyroid adenoma, 288

parathyroid glands, 288–89

parathyroid hormone (PTH), 288

parenteral opioid analgesia, cystic fibrosis, 91

parenteral opioids, epilepsy, 170

Parkinson disease, 170–2

paroxetine, side effects, 366, 367

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), 297–9

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), 34–6

parvovirus B19 infection, 327

   dermatoses, 354

   ultrasonography, 327

patent ductus arteriosus, 18

patent foramen ovale (PFO), 16

patient anxiety, thyrotoxic crisis, 276

patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)

   spinal cord injury, 194

   thrombocytopenia, 299

patient education, fibromyalgia therapy, 233

patient transfer/positioning

   epidermolysis bullosa, 350

   osteogenesis imperfecta, 163

peliosis hepatitis, 249, 257

pelvis

   achondroplasia, 120

   chronic spinal cord injury, 192

   scoliosis, 138

   spina bifida cystica, 204

pemphigoid of pregnancy, 347–9

   anesthetic management, 348, 349–50

   differential diagnosis, 345, 347, 393

   immunopathology, 348

   incidence, 347

   lesions in neonates, 348

   MHC class II expression, 347

   pathogenesis, 347

   signs and symptoms, 347

pemphigus vulgaris, 357

penicillamine, 407, 408

penicillins, renal failure effects, 261

pentoxyfylline, 11

percutaneous coronary angioplasty, 14, 15

perhexiline, 224

pericarditis, 40

perimembranous (PM) ventricular septal defects, 17

perinatal morbidity, aplastic anemia, 298

perinatal mortality

   aplastic anemia, 298

   myasthenia gravis, 153

peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), 11–12

   dysrhythmias, 40

peripartum ischemic heart disease, 14–15

peripartum monitoring, heart disease, 6

peripartum psychoses, schizophrenia, 364

peripheral edema, normal pregnancy, 2

peripheral neuropathy, 202, 215–27, 368

   restrictive respiratory insufficiency, 224

peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPAS), 62–3

peroneal muscular atrophy see Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease

peroneal neuropathy, 220

personality disorders, 363

Pertussis infections, 322

pharyngeal aspiration, Parkinson disease, 172

phenelzine

   case reports, 367

   panic disorder management, 369

phenobarbital, thyroid disease effects, 277

phenothiazines

   acquired long QT syndrome, 46

   porphyria therapy, 245

   renal failure effects, 261

   schizophrenia management, 363

phenoxybenzamine, 284, 284

phentolamine

   pheochromocytoma, 285

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

   spinal cord injury, 194

phenylephrine

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13

   intravenous fluid management, 180

   Marfan syndrome, 67

   mitral stenosis, 7

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

   spinal cord injury, 194

phenylketonuria (PKU), 240, 241

phenytoin

   anesthetic interactions, 169

   breast milk, secretion in, 169

   peripheral neuropathy, 224

   side effects, 170

   thyroid disease effects, 277

pheochromocytomas, 283–5

      neurofibromatosis, 149

      sickling syndromes, 296

      von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, 151

      thyrotoxic crisis vs., 275

Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative disease see myeloproliferative disorders, Philadelphia negative

phlebotomy, polycythemia vera, 301

phosphates, hyperparathyroidism, 288

photosensitivity, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

physical examination

   anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393

   intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253

   tachydysrhythmias, 36

physical fitness, back pain therapy, 231

pituitary gland disorders, 280–2

pituitary tumors, 173

      see also specific tumors

placental transfer, antidysrhythmic drugs, 51

plague see Yersinia infections

plasmapheresis

   Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 306

   myasthenia gravis therapy, 152, 153, 154, 155

Plasmodium infections see malaria

platelet function analyzer, 293

platelets

   clumping, 2, 305

   counts

      idiopathic/immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 304

      pregnancy, changes during, 294, 303, 384

      thrombocythemia, 300

   Gaucher disease, 241

   inhibitors, 5

   transfusions, bone marrow failure syndromes, 299

platelet storage pool deficiency (SPD), 303, 306–7

   α-granules see grey platelet syndrome (αSPD)

plumboporphyria, 242

pneumonic plague, 333

pneumothorax, 92–4

   tube thoracostomy, 4

   secondary, 93

poliomyelitis prevention, scoliosis, 130

polyarteritis nodosa, 414–15

   dermatoses, 357

polycythemia, scoliosis, 137

polycythemia vera (PV), 300–2

polyhydramnios, renal replacement therapy, 264

polymorphic dermatitis of pregnancy see polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP), 3, 345–6

   differential diagnosis, 385

Pompe disease, 239, 240

porphyria, 242–5

   population based study, 16

   peripheral neuropathy, 221

   see also specific diseases

porphyria cutanea tarda, 348

porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), 242

   obstetric implications, 239, 242

porphyrin metabolism, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 257

portal hypertension, 249, 255

   liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394

positioning, rheumatoid arthritis, 409

positive pressure ventilation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75–6

positron emission tomography, Parkinson disease diagnosis, 171

post cesarean section pain, 234–5

postoperative analgesia see analgesia

postoperative shivering, Parkinson disease, 172

postpartum hemorrhage, Bernard–Soulier syndrome, 305

postpartum monitoring, heart transplantation, 397

postpartum neuropathy, incidence, 219

postpartum pain, 234

post polio syndrome, 201, 202

post subarachnoid hemorrhage, coma, 182

post transpulmonic valve annular patch repair, 19

postural drainage, cystic fibrosis therapy, 90

postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), 53

posture, intracranial pressure, 179

potassium, dysrhythmias, 41

potassium aggravated myotonia, 108

potassium iodide, 275, 276

PPCM see peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM)

praziquantel therapy, 332

preconception counseling, psychiatric disorders, 363

precordial Doppler monitoring, venous air embolism diagnosis, 85, 86

prednisolone

   chronic asthma therapy, 78

   status asthmaticus management, 79

prednisone, 389–90, 395

   chronic asthma therapy, 78

   migraine therapy, 230

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

   rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 410

   status asthmaticus management, 79

preeclampsia

   coarctation of the aorta, 20

   Friedreich ataxia, 156

   intracerebral hemorrhage, 175

   myotonic dystrophy, 102, 121

   pregnancy in kidney transplantation, 49

   trophoblastic disease, 377

preexcitation syndromes, 41–4

   pathophysiology, 41–3

preexisting dysrhythmias, 30

pregabalin, 235

pregnancy, normal, 1–3, 4, 13–14, 30

   cardiac changes

      cardiac output, 30

      coarctation of the aorta, 19

      heart rate see heart rate

      heart rhythm, 30

   chest pain, 1

   electrocardiography, 14, 29, 30

   exercise stress electrocardiography, 14

   hematological indices, 293, 294

   hematological testing, 293

   kidneys, changes in, 258

   liver, effects on, 249, 250, 254–5, 384

   orthopnea, 1

   orthostatic syncope, 1

   peripheral edema, 2

   pseudo-cardiomegaly, 2

   rales, 2

   skin, changes in, 343, 345

   vascular disease, 57

pregnancy complications, dwarfism, 108, 117

pregnancy-induced hemolytic anemias, 297

pregnancy-induced intercostal neuralgia, 235

preload changes, heart transplantation, 396

preload control, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 12

preload maintenance, 6

premature atrial beats, 29

premature atrial depolarizations (PAD), 29, 34

premature birth/labor

   bacterial infections, 321

   Chlamydia psittaci infection, 334

   chronic spinal cord injury, 192

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160

   myotonic dystrophy, 102

   neurosurgery, 180

   renal replacement therapy, 264

   scoliosis, 136

   spinal cord injury, 193

   transplantation, 388

premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), 147

premature ventricular depolarizations (PVD), 29, 34

prenylamine, acquired long QT syndrome, 46

preoperative consultation, dwarfism, 108, 117

prepregnancy hypertension, transplantation, 381

pressors, primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

primaquine, malaria therapy, 331

primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 251

   incidence, 258

primary lateral sclerosis, 200

primary pulmonary hypertension, 57–9

primary red cell aplasia (PRCA), 298

primary sclerosing cholangitis, 249, 258

primidone, 169

primum atrial septal defects, 16

procainamide, 52

   acquired long QT syndrome, 46

   atrial fibrillation therapy, 38

   atrial flutter therapy, 37

   premature ventricular depolarization management, 34

   ventricular tachycardia therapy, 39

progesterone, pain, 229

Prograf see tacrolimus

progressive bulbar palsy, 200

progressive muscular atrophy, 200

prokinetics, familial dysautonomia, 217

prolactin, osteoporosis of pregnancy, 141

prolactinoma, 280–1

propafenone, 38

propanolol, 52

   dosages, 232

   pheochromocytoma, 285

   thyrotoxic crisis management, 275, 276

propofol

   asthma, 79

   bacterial infections, 323

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   cyclosporine interactions, 392

   epileptic effects, 170

   HIV infection, 324

   myasthenia gravis, 155

   pharmacokinetics, 395

   renal failure effects, 261

propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS), 108

proportionate dwarfism see dwarfism

propylthiouracil, 275

prostacyclin, primary pulmonary hypertension therapy, 58

prostaglandin(s), pulmonary artery pressure management, 7

prostaglandin E2, asthma cesarean section, 80

prostaglandin F2-alpha

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

   in heart disease, 6

   heart transplantation, 396

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

prosthetic heart valves

   hemolytic anemias, 297

   see also valvulotomy

protamine

   deep vein thrombosis management, 84

   thromboembolic disease, 85

protein C

   deficiency, 314

   pregnancy, effects of, 294

protein S

   deficiency, 314

   pregnancy, effects of, 294

proteins, serum, pregnancy, effects of, 384

proteinuria, normal pregnancy, 258

protein Z deficiency, 314

Proteus syndrome, 352

prothrombin deficiency see factor II deficiency

prothrombin time, pregnancy, effects of, 293, 384

proton pump inhibitors, 252

pruritic diseases see dermatoses

pruritic folliculitis, 345, 405–22

pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy see polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

pruritus gravidarum, 344–5

   differential diagnosis, 351

   intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253, 345

pseudoachondroplasia, 102, 120–1

pseudo-cardiomegaly, 2

pseudohypoaldosteronism, 286–8

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, 89

pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), 309

psittacosis see Chlamydia psittaci infection (psittacosis)

psychiatric disorders, 363–70

pubic pain, 231–2

pudendal block, 80

pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM), 59–63

   see also hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)

pulmonary artery aneurysm, 63

pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)

   mitral stenosis, 7

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 57

   venous air embolism diagnosis, 86

pulmonary aspiration, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 53

pulmonary blood flow, atrial septal defect management, 17

pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), 58

pulmonary diseases/disorders

   cirrhosis, 385

   liver transplantation, 386

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 413

pulmonary edema

   amniotic fluid embolism, 87, 88

   paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 36

pulmonary embolism, 80–9

   signs and symptoms, 82

pulmonary function

   cystic fibrosis cesarean section, 92

   heart–lung transplantation see heart–lung transplantation

pulmonary hypertension, 21

   adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75

   cardiac output, 134

   definition, 134

   electrocardiography, 58

   etiology, 21

   management, 22, 138

      inhaled nitric oxide, 22

   primary see primary pulmonary hypertension

   pulmonary vascular resistance, 134

   scoliosis, 133–4, 138

   symptoms, 21

   see also Eisenmenger syndrome (ES)

pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 93, 95

pulmonary stenosis, 145

pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), 81–4

pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)

   affecting factors, 7

   mitral stenosis, 7

   pulmonary hypertension, 134

   scoliosis, 133

pulmonary vasculature, scoliosis, 132, 133

pulmonary venous pressure, mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9

pulse oximetry

   spinal cord injury, 194

   Takayasu arteritis, 64

pustular psoriasis of pregnancy, 348, 349–50

   signs and symptoms, 4

PVD see premature ventricular depolarizations (PVD)

PVST, 35

pyelonephritis, acute, 260

pyogenic granuloma see lobular capillary hemangioma

pyrazinamide, tuberculosis therapy, 332

pyrexia, McArdle disease, 240

pyridostigmine, dosages, 154

pyridoxine, peripheral neuropathy, 224


Q fever, 335

QRS axis, heart rate, 29

QRS complex, 34

QT interval, 45

quinidine, 52

   acquired long QT syndrome, 46

   atrial fibrillation therapy, 38

   atrial flutter therapy, 37

   premature ventricular depolarization management, 34

quinine, 331

quinine gluconate, 331


radial nerve palsy, 219, 221

radical hysterectomy, 373

radiofrequency ablation, 43

radiography, 235

   cardiac conduction disorders, 31

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   scoliosis, 138

   tethered cord syndrome, 206

radiotherapy

   breast cancer, 371

   central nervous system tumor, 375

rales, 2

randomized controlled studies, 1

ranitidine

   Parkinson disease, 172

   porphyria, 245

   renal failure effects, 261

Rapamune, 393

rapamycin, 393

rash, 110, 120, 121

Rastelli procedure, 21, 32

Raynaud phenomenon, 416, 419

rebleeding, subarachnoid hemorrhage, 174

“rebound immunoresponsiveness,” 390

recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), 84

red blood cell mass, 294

red blood cells

   abnormalities, 293–7

   see also specific diseases/disorders

   enzyme deficiencies, 297

   transfusions, sickling syndromes, 295

reflux nephropathy, 249, 261

Refsum disease, 216

regional anesthesia

   achondroplasia see achondroplasia

   acute porphyria, 245

   adult respiratory distress syndrome, 77

   anemias, 294

   anterior spinal artery syndrome, 209

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 419

   aortic dissection, 13–14

   aortic stenosis, 8

   arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158

   asthma cesarean section, 78, 80

   atrial septal defects, 17

   benign intracranial hypertension, 178

   blood vessel wall coagulation disorders, 306, 308, 309–10

   coagulation disorders, 303

   Cushing syndrome, 287

   cyclosporine, 392

   cystic fibrosis, 91, 92

   diabetes mellitus, 280

   Ehlers–Danlos syndrome see Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS)

   epilepsy, 170

   gestational thrombocytopenia, 304

   Gorlin disease, 145

   Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 397

   hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome, 307

   herpes simplex virus infection, 325

   hydrocephalus with shunt, 178

   hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13

   hypoparathyroidism, 289

   hypothyroidism, 277

   idiopathic/immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 304

   intracerebral hemorrhage, 176

   liver disease emergencies, 257

   malignant bone marrow disorders, 302

   mitral valve prolapse, 10–11

   Moyamoya disease, 69

   myasthenia gravis see myasthenia gravis (MG)

   neurofibromatosis see neurofibromatosis

   Noonan syndrome see Noonan syndrome

   osteogenesis imperfecta, 163

   Parkinson disease see Parkinson disease

   paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 299

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   pneumothorax, 93

   polycythemia vera, 302

   porphyria, 245

   renal disease, 260

   rheumatoid arthritis, 410

   schizophrenia, 364

   scoliosis, 140

   sickling syndromes, 296

   spina bifida cystica, 204

   spina bifida occulta, 203

   spinal cord injury see spinal cord injury

   spinal cord tumors see spinal cord tumors

   spinal muscular atrophy, 198

   Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 183, 184

   syringomyelia, 205

   tethered cord syndrome, 207

   thrombocytopenia, 299

   thromboembolic disease see thromboembolic disease

   thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308

   thyrotoxic crisis, 276

   Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 334

   valvulotomy, 10

   viral hepatitis, 252

   von Willebrand disease, 314

   see also specific types

regional hyperplasia, congenital see congenital regional hyperplasia

regurgitant valvular lesions, 9

rejection

   kidney transplantation, 382

      pregnancy, 382–3

   liver transplantation, 385

relaxation training, migraine therapy, 230

remifentanil

   aortic stenosis, 8

   mitral stenosis, 8

   renal failure effects, 261

renal calculi, 249, 261

renal disease/disorders, 249, 258–65

   hemolytic uremic syndrome, 308

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

   tuberous sclerosis, 151

   see also specific diseases/disorders

renal diseases/disorders, cirrhosis, 385

renal failure

   acute, 249, 259

   chronic, 249, 250, 258–9, 261

renal insufficiency, transplantation, 381

renal replacement therapy (dialysis), 250, 264

renal tubular acidosis, 250, 264

resection, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 61

residual volume (RV), scoliosis, 132

respiratory alkalosis, 77

respiratory diseases/disorders, 68, 75–99

   arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158

   familial dysautonomia, 217

   scoliosis see scoliosis

   see also specific diseases/disorders

respiratory failure, acute, 201

respiratory function

   end-stage renal disease, 383

   Pompe disease, 239

   scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 135

   spina bifida cystica, 204

respiratory muscles, scoliosis, 134

respiratory support

   adult respiratory distress syndrome see adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

   congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, 94

restrictive respiratory insufficiency, peripheral neuropathy see peripheral neuropathy

revascularization surgery, Moyamoya disease management, 69

rheumatic heart disease, 1

rheumatoid arthritis, 345, 405–10, 416–17

   cricoarytenoid joint, 43

   temporomandibular joint, 31

   clinical features, 416

rifampicin, 332

right anterior fascicular blocks, 33

right atrium contraction, atrial septal defect management, 16–17

right bundle branch block (RBBB), 33

right ventricle (RV)

   dilatation, primary pulmonary hypertension, 57

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

   hypertrophy, primary pulmonary hypertension, 57

   preload

      atrial septal defect, 17

      tetralogy of Fallot, 19

   right ventricle (RV), outflow tract dysrhythmias, 29

Riley–Day syndrome see familial dysautonomia

risk factors

   antiphospholipid syndrome, 419

   scoliosis, 136

ritodrine, 79

rocuronium

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   liver disease emergencies, 258

   malignant hyperthermia, 255

   McArdle disease, 239

   porphyria, 245

   renal failure effects, 261

Romano–Ward syndrome, 44, 45–6

ropivacaine, 13

Ross procedure, 21, 32

rotatory component, scoliosis, 131

rubella (German measles), 327

   dermatoses, 355

   transplant recipients, 389

rubeola (measles), 326–7

   dermatoses, 353, 355

RyR1 gene, 269


salmeterol, 78

salt restriction, carpal tunnel syndrome therapy, 232

sarcoidosis, peripheral neuropathy, 222

sarcomas, 195

scalp electrode, epilepsy, 169

schistosomiasis, 332, 333

schizophrenia, 363–4

Schönlein–Henoch purpura, 309

Schwachmann–Diamond syndrome (SD), 298

schwannomas, 196

sciatic neuropathy, 220

scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), 357, 405, 415–19

scoliosis, 117, 129–41

   antepartum assessment, 136–7, 138

   associated conditions, 142

      arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158

      spina bifida cystica, 203

   peripheral neuropathy see peripheral neuropathy

   pregnancy interactions, 134–6

   pregnancy outcomes, 135–6, 137

   respiratory pathophysiology, 132–3, 134, 135, 139

Sebastian syndrome, 293, 305

secondary diabetes insipidus, 281

secondary factor VII deficiency, 325

secondary Parkinson disease, 171

secondary pneumothorax, 76, 93

second degree atrioventricular (AV) blocks see atrioventricular (AV) blocks

secundum atrial septal defects, 16

sedatives

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308

seizure disorders, 167–8

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 366–9

selegiline, 172

Senning procedure, 21, 32

   transposition of the great vessels, 40

sepsis

   adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75

   bacterial infections, 321, 322, 323

   differential diagnosis

      malignant hyperthermia vs., 269

      thyrotoxic crisis vs., 275

septal defects

   atrial see atrial septal defects

   ventricular see ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

serositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410

serotonin, 366

sertraline, 366

serum proteins, pregnancy, effects of, 384

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 328

severe postpartum hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary bypass, 14

severity index, aortic stenosis, 8

sevoflurane

   asthma, 79

   cardiovascular effects, 2

Sheehan syndrome, 282

shivering, McArdle disease, 240

short stature

   peripheral neuropathy see peripheral neuropathy

   spina bifida cystica, 204

   see also dwarfism

shunt-controlled hydrocephalus, spina bifida cystica, 204

shunt lesions see congenital heart disease (CHD)

shunts, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 60

Shy–Drager syndrome, 217

sickle cell embolism, 89

sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS), 89

sickling syndromes, 1, 295–6

sick sinus syndrome (SSS), 32

sideroblastic anemia, 298–9

sildenafil, 22

single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), Parkinson disease diagnosis, 171

single-shot spinal anesthesia

   achondroplasia, 123–4

   cystic fibrosis, 92

   dwarfism, 117

sinus bradycardia, 21, 32

sinus node dysrhythmias, 21, 30, 32

sinus rhythm

   aortic stenosis, 8

   mitral stenosis, 7

   tetralogy of Fallot, 19

sinus tachycardia, 21, 32

sinus venosus, 16

syphilis, 322

sirolimus, 389, 393

Sjögren syndrome, 409

skeletal diseases/disorders, 145–66

   fat emboli, 88

   Gaucher disease, 241

   see also specific diseases/disorders

skeletal muscle, hypothyroidism, 277

skin

   anatomy, 343, 359

   diseases see dermatoses; specific diseases/disorders

   functions of, 343

      anesthesia, effects of, 344

      surgery effects, 344

   integrity during anesthesia, 343

   ischemia avoidance, 343

   preparation of, 344

skin-derived antileukoproteinase (SKALP), 349

Sneddon syndrome, 352

sodium channel disorders, 108

sodium intake, peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

sodium iodide, thyrotoxic crisis management, 275, 276

sodium nitroprusside

   pheochromocytoma, 285

   spinal cord injury, 193

sodium thiopental

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

pheochromocytoma, 284

sodium/water retention, chronic renal failure, 259

sotalol

   acquired long QT syndrome, 46

   atrial fibrillation therapy, 38

   preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43

spherocytosis, hereditary see hereditary spherocytosis

spina bifida cystica, 202, 203–4

   epidural anesthesia, 185

spina bifida occulta, 202–3

   ectodermal origin, 215–27

spinal anesthesia

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255

   Arnold Chiari malformation, 185

   arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 159

   continuous see continuous spinal analgesia/anesthesia

   diabetic neuropathy, 221

   Friedreich ataxia, 157

   Gaucher disease, 241

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 397

   herpes simplex virus infection, 325

   myotonia congenita, 108, 117

   myotonic dystrophy, 103, 126

   osteogenesis imperfecta, 162

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 59

   scleroderma, 418

   single-shot see single-shot spinal anesthesia

   spina bifida cystica, 204

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

   tethered cord syndrome, 207

   varicella zoster virus infection, 326

spinal canal narrowing, achondroplasia, 108, 119–20

spinal cord anatomy, 208

spinal cord disorders, 191–214

   degenerative diseases, 197–202

   vascular malformations, 195

   see also specific diseases/disorders

spinal cord injury, 191–5

spinal cord injury, acute, 191

spinal cord injury, chronic, 191–5

spinal cord ischemia, 177

spinal cord tumors, 195–7

   anesthetic management, 197

   arteriovenous malformations, 196

   astrocytomas, 195

   benign tumors, 196

   differential diagnosis, 195

   ependymoblastomas, 195

   hemangiomas, 197

   magnetic resonance imaging, 195

   meningiomas, 195

   metastases, 195

   presenting symptoms, 195

   regional anesthesia, 197

   sarcomas, 195

   vascular tumors, 196

spinal deformities

   neurofibromatosis, 218

   scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 134

   spina bifida cystica, 203

spinal diseases/disorders, achondroplasia, 108, 119, 120

spinal dysraphism, 202–7

spinal–epidural technique (CSE) see combined spinal–epidural analgesia/anesthesia (CSE)

spinal hematoma, 176

spinal immobilization, acute spinal cord injury, 191

spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), 134, 137, 197–8, 200

spinal segments, 221

spinal shock, 185

   cardiovascular effects, 191

   therapy, 191

spinal tumors, 173

spinocerebellar ataxia see Friedreich ataxia

spiral computed tomography see computed tomography (CT)

splenectomy, hereditary spherocytosis, 297

splenic artery aneurysm, 70

spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 102, 121, 124, 125, 126

spondylolisthesis, 129, 142

spondylolysis, 129, 142

spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, 102, 121

spontaneous abortion

   scleroderma, 417

   transplantation, 388

Stanford type A aortic dissection, 67

Stanford type B aortic dissection, 67

Staphylococcus aureus infections, spinal meningitis, post lumbar puncture, 335

Staphylococcus infections, 322

starvation ketosis, 279

status asthmaticus, 79

status epilepticus, 167, 168

Steinert myopathy see myotonic dystrophy

step therapy, chronic asthma management, 78

steroids

   acute spinal cord injury, 191

   congenital regional hyperplasia, 288

   hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome, 307

   status asthmaticus management, 79

   see also specific types

Stevens–Johnson syndrome, 348, 350–1

sticky platelet syndrome (SPS), 308–9

stiff-joint syndrome (diabetic scleroderma), 279

Stokes–Adams attacks, 33

stomatocytosis, hereditary, 297

Streptococcus infections, 322

   dermatoses, 350

streptokinase

   American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 84

stress management, migraine therapy, 230

striae gravidarum, 345

stroke, 174

   essential thrombocytopenia, 300

structural heart disease see heart disease, structural

structural scoliosis, 129, 132

ST segment depression, 29

ST-T changes, 29

Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 183–4

   pheochromocytoma, 283

subarachnoid block (SAB)

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161

   Friedreich ataxia, 157

   Noonan syndrome, 147

subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 174–5, 179

subclinical hyperthyroidism, 275

subdural hematoma, 181

subepidermal bullous dermatoses, 348

substance abuse, 14, 15

succinylcholine

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255

   bacterial infections, 321

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 216

   electroconvulsive therapy, 364, 368

   kidney transplantation, 394

   liver disease emergencies, 258

   in muscle disease, 104, 116–17

   neurosurgery, 180

   pheochromocytoma, 285

   porphyria, 245

   renal failure effects, 261

   spinal cord injury, 194

suction curettage, 376

sufentanil, 284

sulfasalazine, 407, 408

sumatriptan, dosages, 232

supportive therapy

   aplastic anemia, 297

   pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 95

supraventricular dysrhythmias, 37

supraventricular tachycardias (SVT), 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 77

surgery

   Cushing syndrome, 286, 287

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   ovarian cancer therapy, 374

   Parkinson disease, 171

   pheochromocytoma, 284

   thyrotoxic crisis, 275

SVR see systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

SVT see supraventricular tachycardias (SVT)

Sweet syndrome, 349, 351

swimmer's itch, 332

symphysis pubis widening, pubic pain, 232

syncope

   paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 36

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 57

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), 282

syntocinon, renal failure effects, 261

syringomyelia, 204–6

   Arnold Chiari malformation, 184–5

systemic arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), 57

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 410–14

   dermatoses, 358

   immunopathology, 348

   pregnancy, effects of, 389

   Sneddon syndrome, 352

systemic mastocytosis see mastocytosis

systemic sclerosis see scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

   aortic stenosis, 8

   atrial septal defect management, 17

   heart transplantation, 396

   liver transplantation, 386

   mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9

   mitral stenosis, 7

   postpartum normalization, 1

   pregnancy in heart transplantation, 387

   tetralogy of Fallot, 19


tachycardia

   malignant hyperthermia, 271

   ventricular see ventricular tachycardia

   wide-complex, 38–9

      see also specific diseases/disorders

   Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, 35

tachydysrhythmias, 29, 34, 36

      diltiazem, 49–52

      pacemakers, 49

      see also specific types

tacrolimus, 322, 389, 392–3, 395

Takayasu arteritis, 64–8

tarda variant, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 121

Tauri disease, 240

TEE see transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

TEG see thromboelastography (TEG)

temporomandibular joint, rheumatoid arthritis, 31, 409

teratogenesis

   antidysrhythmic drugs, 51

   fluoxetine, 366

   haloperidol, 363

   monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 367

   selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 366

terbutaline

   acute asthma management, 79

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   status asthmaticus management, 79

tethered cord syndrome, 203, 206–7

tetracycline, 333

tetralogy of Fallot, 18–19

   surgical history, 39–40

thalassemias, 294–5

thallium, peripheral neuropathy, 223

theophylline

   chronic asthma management, 78, 80

   status asthmaticus management, 79

thermal biofeedback, 230

thiopental

   asthma, 79

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   electroconvulsive therapy, 368

   malignant hyperthermia, 269, 270, 271

   myasthenia gravis, 155

   renal failure effects, 261

thioridazine, 363

third degree atrioventricular (AV) blocks see atrioventricular (AV) blocks

Thomsen disease see myotonia congenita

thoracolumbar scoliosis, 133

thoracotomy with tube resection, 93, 95

thrombi, 60

thrombocythemia, 300

thrombocytopenia, 303–5

   hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome, 307

   heparin, 4

   maternal Gaucher disease, 241

   paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 298

   regional anesthesia, 299

   spinal hematoma, 176

   thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308

   von Willebrand disease, 311

   see also specific diseases/disorders

thromboelastography (TEG)

   essential thrombocytopenia, 302

   hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome, 307

   normal pregnancy, 293

thromboembolic disease, 81–5

   arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 157

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

   see also deep vein thrombosis (DVT); pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE)

thrombolytic therapy

   American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   during pregnancy, 4

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 84

thromboprophylaxis, essential thrombocytopenia, 302

thrombotic microangiopathy, 2, 307–8

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), 307, 308, 309–10

thymectomy, 152, 153, 154

thyroid cancer, incidence, 375

thyroid disease, 275–7

   see also hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism

thyroidectomy, 375

thyroid nodules, 375

thyroid replacement therapy, 277

thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), 277

thyroid storm see thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)

thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm), 275–6

thyrotoxicosis, trophoblastic disease, 377

ticlopidine, American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5

tinzaparin, 84

tirofiban, 5

tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), 177

tizanidine, 234

tobramycin, 90

tocainide, 108, 118

tocolytic therapy

   anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393

   myotonic dystrophy, 102, 121

tongue cancer, 375

TORCH acronym, viral infections, 323

Torsade de Pointes, 45

total lung capacity (TLC), scoliosis, 132

tourniquets

   McArdle disease, 240

   osteogenesis imperfecta, 163

toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome), 350–1

   immunopathology, 348

toxoplasmosis, 334

tracheal resection with reconstruction, 94

tracheal stenosis, 94

tramadol

   fibromyalgia therapy, 234

   renal failure effects, 261

transaminases, 253

transcatheter spring coil embolization, 61

transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), 32

   heart–lung transplantation anesthetic management, 396

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

   Marfan syndrome, 67

   venous air embolism diagnosis, 86

transferrin, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257

transforming growth factor-beta, Marfan syndrome, 66

transfusions, 293, 305

   acute fatty liver of pregnancy management, 254

   anemias, 294

   anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 394

transient ischemic attacks, essential thrombocytopenia, 300

transplantation, 381–403

   see also immunosuppressive drugs; specific transplants

transposition of the great vessels, 20, 40

   Senning procedure, 40

transverse myelitis, 202

Trendelenburg position, mitral stenosis, 7

Treponema pallidum infection, 322

tricuspid atresia, 40

tricuspid valve reconstruction, Ebstein anomaly, 39

tricyclic antidepressants, 365–6

   acquired long QT syndrome, 46

   epileptic effects, 169

   fibromyalgia therapy, 233

   mechanism of action, 365, 367

   panic disorder therapy, 369

trigeminal (V) cranial nerve lesions, 219

triglycerides (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257–8, 384

trophoblastic disease, 376–7

tropical diseases, 323–8

   see also specific diseases/disorders

truncus arteriosus, 20

Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 333–4

TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TNII), 277

TTP see thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

tuberculosis, 331–2

tuberous sclerosis, 149–51, 250, 263

   pheochromocytoma, 283

tube thoracostomy, 4, 93

tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)

   adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75

   inhibiting agents, dermatoses, 43–4

tumors see malignancy; specific tumors

Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome vs., 145

T wave, heart rate, 29

12-lead electrocardiography, 36

two-dimensional echocardiography, 32

typhoid fever, 334


ultrasonography, parvovirus B19 infection, 327

“unilateral blown pupil,” 179

unipolar depression see manic depressive illness

unipolar mania see manic depressive illness

unroofed coronary sinus, 16

upper airway examination, 62

upper airway obstruction, 110, 120

upper airway resistance, 135

upper limb neuropathies see neuropathies

Ureaplasma urealyticum infection, 322

urinary metanephrines, 283

urinary tract infections, 249, 260–1

   chronic spinal cord injury, 192

urokinase

   cerebral ischemia therapy, 177

   pulmonary thromboembolism, 84

ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)

   intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253, 347

   primary biliary cirrhosis management, 258

uterine contractions, myotonic dystrophy, 102, 120–1

uterine function, scoliosis, 138

uterine muscle contractility, dantrolene, 271

uterotonic agents

   aortic stenosis, 8–9

   heart disease, 6

   mitral stenosis, 8


vaccines

   dengue virus infection, 329

   dermatoses, 353

   human papillomavirus infection, 326

   influenza, 327

vagal maneuvers, supraventricular tachycardias, 36

vagal stimulation, preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43

vaginal bleeding, cervical cancer, 373

vaginal delivery

   cerebral ischemia, 177

   cesarean section vs.

      heart disease, 6

      HIV infection, 324

   cirrhosis, 255

   dwarfism see dwarfism

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160

   factor XI deficiency, 313

   Friedreich ataxia, 156

   Gaucher disease, 241

   hemodynamics, 6

   hydrocephalus with shunt, 178

   Kawasaki disease, 69

   myasthenia gravis, 154

   osteogenesis imperfecta, 162

   peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15

   rheumatoid arthritis, 408

   scleroderma, 417

   subarachnoid hemorrhage, 175

   systemic lupus erythematosus, 412

   in transplant recipients, 393

vagolytics, Marfan syndrome, 68

valproate, breast milk, secretion in, 169

Valsalva maneuver

   cystic fibrosis, 91

   syringomyelia, 205

valvular lesions, 6

valvuloplasty

   aortic stenosis, 8

   mitral stenosis, 7

valvulotomy, 10

vancomycin, 5

varicella zoster virus infection (chickenpox), 326

   dermatoses, 355

   transplant recipients, 389

variegate porphyria (VP), 242

vascular changes

   normal pregnancy, 345

   Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 183

vascular diseases/disorders, 57–68

   Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159

   Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome, 68–9

   renal, 249, 262

vascular tumors, spinal cord tumors see spinal cord tumors

vasculitis, peripheral neuropathy, 222

vasoactive drugs

   Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22

   primary pulmonary hypertension, 58

   Takayasu arteritis, 65

vasodilator drugs

   acute cardiac decompensation, 141

   autonomic hyperreflexia, 193

   heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396

   Marfan syndrome, 68

   peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11

vasopressor drugs

   acute cardiac decompensation, 141

   intravenous fluid management, 180

   spinal cord injury, 194

vasospasm, subarachnoid hemorrhage, 174

vecuronium

   asthma, 80

   cardiovascular effects, 2

   liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394

   myasthenia gravis, 155

   porphyria, 245

   renal failure effects, 261

   Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 334

vena cava ligation, pulmonary thromboembolism, 84

venous access, scleroderma, 418

venous air embolism, 85–8

venous hypertension, spinal cord tumors, 196

venous thrombosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 298

ventilation, asthma see asthma

ventilation perfusion mismatch, asthma, 77

ventilatory failure, scoliosis, 135

ventricular dysrhythmias, 30

   long QT syndrome, 46

ventricular fibrillation, 39

   preexcitation syndromes, 42

ventricular septal defects (VSDs), 17–18

   dysrhythmias, 29

ventricular tachycardia, 38–9

ventriculoperitoneal shunts, 178

verapamil, 51–2

   Moyamoya disease management, 69

   myotonic dystrophy, 102, 121

   tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36, 36

vertebral column disorders, 129–44

   see also under spinal; specific diseases/disorders

vertebral displacement, scoliosis, 139

VG5Q gene, 69

Vibrio cholerae infections, 333

vincristine, 224

viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs), 335

   see also specific fevers

viral hepatitis, 249–52, 253, 325

   anesthetic management, 251–2

   incidence, 249, 258

   see also specific diseases/disorders

viral infections, 323–8

   dermatoses, 353, 354

   thrombocytopenia, 305

   see also specific infections

visceral leishmaniasis, 334–5

vital capacity (VC), scoliosis, 133, 136

vitamin A deficiency, 253

vitamin B deficiency, 253

vitamin deficiencies, 253, 347

vitamin E deficiency, 253

vitamin K deficiency

   factor VII deficiency, 325

   intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253

vitamin K-dependent clotting factors inherited deficiency (VKCFD), 314

vitamin K supplements

   epilepsy, 169

   intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253, 347

volatile anesthetic agents

   heart–lung transplantation anesthetic management, 398

   renal failure effects, 261

von Gierke disease, 240

von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, 151–2, 283

von Recklinghausen disease see neurofibromatosis, type 1 (von Recklinghausen disease)

von Willebrand disease, 294, 303, 311, 314

   acquired, hypothyroidism, 277

von Willebrand factor, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 257, 311

V/Q mismatching, scoliosis, 135

V/Q scan, pulmonary thromboembolism, 82

vulvar cancer, 374

vulvar lesions, human papillomavirus infection, 326


Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 301–2

wandering pacemaker, 21, 32

warfarin

   American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5

   deep vein thrombosis management, 84

   during pregnancy, 4

   valvulotomy, 10

warfarin embryopathy, 4

warm-reactive autoantibodies, 297

washed red blood cell transfusions, 298

Wegener granulomatosis, 262

Werdnig–Hoffman disease (spinal muscular atrophy type I), 197

West Nile virus (WNV) infection, 328

white blood cells, pregnancy, effects of, 294

WHO, malignancy risk factor scoring, 377

wide-complex tachycardia, 34, 38–9

   adenosine, 51

   see also specific diseases/disorders

Wilson disease see hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson disease)

Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS), 304

Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome, 41, 42, 42–3

   electrocardiography, 43, 409

   with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 36

   preexcitation syndromes, 41, 42–3

   tachycardia, 35

   therapy, 43, 44

work, scoliosis, 133

World Health Organization (WHO), malignancy risk factor scoring, 377

wrist splints, carpal tunnel syndrome therapy, 232


yellow fever, 329–30

Yersinia infections, 332–3


zafirlukast, chronic asthma therapy, 78

zidovudine interactions, 324


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