Cambridge University Press
9780521870825 - Obstetric Anesthesia and Uncommon Disorders - Edited by David R. Gambling, M. Joanne Douglas and Robert S. F. McKay
Index
As the subject of this book is obstetric anesthesiology, all entries relate to this unless specifically stated.
ABCDE markings, malignant melanoma, 351
abdominal dimensions, dwarfism, 103, 116
abdominal radical trachelectomy, 373
abducent (VI) nerve
cranial nerve lesions, 219
nerve palsy, 179
ACAD, heart transplantation, 387
accelerated atherosclerosis (ACAD), heart transplantation, 387
acetaminophen
back pain therapy, 231
dosage, 232
renal failure effects, 261
migraine therapy, 230
post cesarean section pain, 235
achondroplasia, 101, 118–20
airway management, 119
anesthetic management, 103, 122–5
dosages, 110, 123
general anesthesia see below below
noninvasive monitoring, 122
postoperative pain management, 124–5
regional anesthesia see below below
characteristics, 104, 108, 118
cor pulmonale, 110, 120
craniofacial features, 108, 119
foramen magnum stenosis, 108, 110, 119–20, 120
hydrocephalus, 120
hypotonia, 120
pelvic measurements, 120
spinal canal narrowing, 108, 119–20
spinal features, 108, 119, 120
diagnosis, 119
general anesthesia, 122
direct laryngoscopy, 122
endotracheal tube size, 110, 122
fiberoptic laryngoscopy, 122
intubation, 110, 122
incidence, 115, 118
kyphoscoliosis, 120
neurologic symptoms, 120
regional anesthesia, 108, 110, 119, 120, 122–3
combined spinal–epidural analgesia/anesthesia, 124
continuous regional, 123
continuous spinal, 124
epidural analgesia/anesthesia, 104, 123
neuraxial anesthesia, 120
single-shot spinal, 123–4
respiratory complications, 108, 120
infections, 120
upper airway obstruction, 110, 120
acitretin, 349
ACLS see Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
acoustic neuromas, 173
epidemiology, 375
pregnancy effects, 173
acquired atrioventricular blocks, 33
acquired factor VIII deficiency, 312
acquired Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 306
acquired hemolytic anemias, 296
acquired long QT syndrome see long QT syndrome (LQTS)
acromegaly, 281
actinomycin D, 376
Actinomycosis israeli infection, 322
activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
anticoagulation therapy, 4
deep vein thrombosis management, 82
pregnancy, effects of, 293, 384
activated protein C resistance, 314
thromboembolic disease, 81
acute asthma see asthma
acute cardiac decompensation see scoliosis
acute dysrhythmias, 30
acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), 249, 251, 253–5, 308
acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), 242
acute liver failure see liver failure liver failure
acute narrow complex tachycardia, 51
acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 333
acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 259
acyclovir, 249, 262
acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 254
Addison disease, 285–6
Addisonian crisis, 286
circulatory collapse, 286
adenosine, 51, 52
acute narrow complex tachycardia, 51
adverse maternal effects, 51
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
safety, 51
supraventricular tachycardias, 36
tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36
wide-complex tachycardia, 51
adjuvant chemotherapy, ovarian cancer, 374
adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ASIS), 129
adrenal gland disorders, 283–8
see also specific diseases/disorders
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 75–7, 395
nitric oxide, 76, 93
positive pressure ventilation, 75–6
Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
bradycardia algorithm, 32
supraventricular tachycardias management, 36
Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices, yellow fever vaccine recommendations, 329
AFE see amniotic fluid embolism (AFE)
afibrinogenemia, 310
management, 310
AFLP see acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)
afterload reduction
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
AIDS see HIV infection
air filters, 22
airway evaluation/management
achondroplasia, 119
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158
diabetes mellitus, 280
Marfan syndrome, 68–9
osteogenesis imperfecta, 163
rheumatoid arthritis, 408
scleroderma, 418
scoliosis, 140
thyrotoxic crisis, 276
alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
liver transplantation, 384
pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 258, 384
albendazole, 257
albumin (serum)
globulin ratio, 384
pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 255, 384
albuterol, 79
alcohol abuse, 224
alcoholic ketoacidosis, 279
alfentanil
pheochromocytoma, 284
renal failure effects, 261
alkaline phosphatase (ALP), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257–8, 384
allergic purpura, 309
ALP see alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
α2-adrenergic agonists, 233, 234
alpha-blockers
pheochromocytoma management, 284
renal failure effects, 261
αδSPD, 306
alpha thalassemia, 294, 295
Alport syndrome, 250, 263–4
alprazolam, 369
ALT see alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
alveolar hypertension, scoliosis, 133
alveoli numbers, scoliosis, 132
amantadine, 171
AMC see arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC)
American College of Cardiology, 10
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, 193
American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA), 5
spinal hematoma guidelines, 176
thromboembolic disease guidelines, 85
American Spinal Injury Association, 191
amide local anesthetics, epileptic effects, 170
amino acid metabolism disorders, 240, 241
see also specific diseases/disorders
aminolevulinate dehydratase deficiency porphyria, 242
amiodarone, 39, 52
acquired long QT syndrome, 46
atrial fibrillation therapy, 38
peripheral neuropathy, 224
pre-excitation syndrome therapy, 43
supraventricular tachycardias, 36
tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36
thyroid disease effects, 277
amitriptyline
dosages, 232
post cesarean section pain therapy, 235
amniotic fluid embolism (AFE), 85, 86–8
amoxicillin, 5
Vibrio cholerae therapy, 333
ampicillin, 5
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 198–201
analgesia
adult respiratory distress syndrome, 77
atrial septal defects, 17
bone marrow failure syndromes, 299
hepatic function effects, 255
liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
pheochromocytoma, 284
postoperative
achondroplasia, 124–5
post cesarean section, 234
spinal cord injury, 193
anemias, 293–7
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 14
see also specific diseases/disorders
anesthesia
cardiovascular effects, 2
drug interactions
cyclosporine, 392
monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 367
see also specific agents; specific diseases/disorders; specific types
aneurysms, 57
angina
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 36
primary pulmonary hypertension, 57
angioedema, hereditary, 353
angiography
central nervous system disorders, 167
Moyamoya disease, 69
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 60, 61
angiomas, 196
animal models, malignant hyperthermia, 269
anion gap acidosis, 279
antenatal assessment, transplantation, 393
antenatal diagnosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, 162
antepartum assessment
scoliosis see scoliosis
spinal cord injury, 193
anterior sacral meningocele, spina bifida cystica, 204
anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS), 207–9
anthelmintics, 257
antiacetylcholine antibody assay, 152
antibiotic therapy
bacterial infections, 321
cystic fibrosis therapy, 90
drug interactions, cyclosporine, 392
gastrointestinal procedures, 5
genitourinary procedures, 5
heart disease, 4
infective endocarditis, 4
Marfan syndrome, 67
meningitis, 335
mitral stenosis, 7
anticholinergic drugs, status asthmaticus management, 79
anticholinesterase drugs
dosages, 154
myasthenia gravis therapy, 152–3, 154, 155
anticipation, congenital myotonic dystrophy, 103
anticoagulant therapy
activated partial thromboplastin time, 4
atrial fibrillation, 38
cerebral ischemia, 177
heart disease, 4–6
homocystinuria, 242
mitral stenosis, 7
Moyamoya disease management, 69
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
Takayasu arteritis, 65
see also specific drugs
anticonvulsant drugs
central nervous system tumor therapy, 375, 376
post cesarean section pain therapy, 235
antidepressant drugs
fibromyalgia therapy, 233
post cesarean section pain therapy, 235
antiDNA antibodies, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
antidromic AV reentrant tachycardia, 43
antidysrhythmic drugs, 49–52
acquired long QT syndrome, 46
atrial septal defect management, 17
breast milk secretion, 51
class Ia, 46
class III, 46
dosage, 49
renal failure effects, 261
FDA grading, 51, 52
mitral valve prolapse, 10
placental transfer, 51
premature ventricular depolarization management, 34
tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36
teratogenicity, 51
ventricular tachycardia therapy, 39
see also specific drugs
antiemetic drugs, hyperemesis gravidarum management, 252
antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
anesthesia interactions, 169
breast milk, excretion in, 169
congenital malformations, 167, 169
minimal dose, 169
pregnancy, effects of, 169
pregnancy, effects on, 168–9
side effects, 170
antihypertensive drugs
Conn syndrome, 287
intravenous fluid management, 180
anti-inflammatory drugs, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 76
antimalarial drugs, systemic lupus erythematosus therapy, 412
antinuclear antibodies, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
antiparkinsonian agents, schizophrenia, 363
antiphospholipid antibodies, 303, 314
thrombocytopenia, 305
antiphospholipid syndrome, 418–19
assessment, 416
case reports, 405, 416, 419
autoantibodies, 418
cesarean section, 419
clinical features, 418
heparin therapy, 419
management, 419
mortality, 419
Sneddon syndrome, 352
antipsychotic drugs
interactions, 364
during pregnancy, 364
antiretroviral therapy, HIV mother–child transmission, 323
antithrombin III, pregnancy, effects of, 294
antithrombin deficiency, 314
antithymocyte globulin (ATG), 322, 389
antiviral therapy, varicella zoster virus infection, 326
anxiolysis, pheochromocytoma, 284
aorta, coarctation of see coarctation of the aorta
aortic balloon valvuloplasty, aortic stenosis, 8
aortic dissection, 13–14, 67
Marfan syndrome see Marfan syndrome (MFS)
aortic heart disease, 40
aortic insufficiency see aortic regurgitation/insufficiency
aortic regurgitation/insufficiency, 9
aortic root dilatation, Marfan syndrome, 65–6
aortic stenosis, 8–9, 20
aortic valve
replacement, complications, 10
size, aortic stenosis, 8
aortocaval compression, 1
apheresis, 293
aplastic anemia, 297–8
aPTT see activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
ARDS see adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
L-arginine, Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
Arnold Chiari malformation, 183–5
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), 35
implantable cardiac defibrillator, 53
arsenic, peripheral neuropathy, 223
arterial blood gas analysis, 77
arterial cannulation, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255
arterial hypertension, liver transplantation, 386
arterial lines, congenital heart disease, 15
arterial occlusion, cerebral ischemia, 177
arterial oxygen, scoliosis, 135
arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), 57
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 309
spinal cord tumors, 196
arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
arthrochalasia, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), 157–9, 269, 271
ASAS see anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS)
aseptic techniques, transplant recipients, 393
heart–lung transplants, 382–3
heart transplants, 382–3
aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
liver transplantation, 384
pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 258, 384
aspiration risk, scleroderma, 418
aspirin
American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5
antiphospholipid syndrome, 419
essential thrombocytopenia, 300
Moyamoya disease management, 69
rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407
ASRA see American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA)
AST see aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
asthma, 36, 77–80
astrocytomas, 195
ataxia-telangiectasia, pheochromocytoma, 283
ataxic gait, 156
ateliotic dwarfism, 104, 115
atenolol, dosages, 232
ATN see acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
atracurium
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255
cardiovascular effects, 2
myasthenia gravis, 155
renal failure effects, 261
atrial dysrhythmias, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy management, 12
atrial fibrillation, 35, 37–8, 42, 44
Noonan syndrome, 147
atrial flutter, 34, 35, 36–7
atrial septal defects, 16–17, 29
atrial switch, 21, 30–2
atrial tachycardia, 35, 36–7
atrioventricular (AV) blocks, 30, 32–3, 49
atrioventricular junctional dysrhythmias, 30
atrioventricular node reentrant (AVNRT) tachycardia, 42
management, 36, 44
mechanisms, 35
atropine
bradycardia, 33
electroconvulsive therapy, 364
Marfan syndrome, 68
Parkinson disease, 172
porphyria, 245
autoantibodies
antiphospholipid syndrome, 418
myasthenia gravis, 152
myasthenia gravis therapy, 152
systemic lupus erythematosus, 412
see also specific antibodies
autoimmune diseases, 345, 405–22
dermatoses see dermatoses
see also specific diseases/disorders
autoimmune hemolytic anemias, 297
autoimmune hepatitis, 249, 257
autoimmune progesterone dermatitis, 353
automated internal cardiac defibrillators (AICD), 46–7
autonomic function, diabetic neuropathy, 221
autonomic hyperreflexia (AH), 193–4
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), 250, 262–3
autotransfusion, 1
AVMs see arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
azathioprine, 389, 392, 395
myasthenia gravis therapy, 152, 153
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407, 408
azithromycin, 333
back pain, 141, 230–1
baclofen, 192
bacterial endocarditis
mitral valve prolapse, 10
prophylaxis see congenital heart disease (CHD)
bacterial infections, 321–3, 389
dermatoses, 353, 356
pregnancy in kidney transplantation, 383
see also specific infections/bacteria
Bacteroides bivius infection, 322
balloon dilation, 94
balloon embolization, 61
balloon mitral valvuloplasty, 7
barbiturates
HIV infection, 324
side effects, 170
Bartonella, 257
Bartter syndrome, 250, 264
clinical features, 264
basiliximab, 389
Becker muscular dystrophy, 101
beclomethasone, 78
behavioral interventions, migraine, 230
benign intracranial hypertension, 177–8
benzhexol, 363
benzodiazepines
breast milk, secretion in, 169
chronic spinal cord injury management, 192
cyclosporine interactions, 392
fetal effects, 369
HIV infection, 324
panic disorder management, 369
in pregnancy, 369
see also specific drugs
benztropine, 363
Bernard–Soulier syndrome, 303, 305
beta-adrenergic agonists
acute asthma, 79
chronic asthma, 78
status asthmaticus, 79
beta-blockers
atrial fibrillation, 38
atrial flutter, 37
Conn syndrome, 287
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 12
long QT syndrome, 45, 46
Marfan syndrome, 68
mitral stenosis, 7
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
porphyria, 245
portal hypertension, 255
premature ventricular depolarization, 34
renal failure effects, 261
spinal cord injury, 194
tachydysrhythmia, 36
Takayasu arteritis, 65
beta lactams, 333
beta-mimetic tocolytics, 192
beta thalassemias, 294, 295
bicarbonate replacement, diabetic ketoacidosis, 279
bile acids, pregnancy, effects of, 250
bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPap), 201
bilharzia see schistosomiasis
biliary tract disease, 258
bilirubin, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257, 384
biologic agents, dermatoses, 353
bipolar disorder see manic depressive illness
birthweight, cyclosporine effects, 391
bisphosphonates, hyperparathyroidism management, 288
Blalock–Taussig shunt, 21, 29, 52
blood disorders, 293–320
see also specific diseases/disorders
blood pressure
Cushing syndrome, 287
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
pregnancy, effects of, 1
blood transfusions see transfusions
blood volume, pregnancy, effects of, 294
β-mimetic tocolytics, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160
bone fragility, osteogenesis imperfecta, 161
bone marrow abnormalities, 297–302
see also specific diseases/disorders
bone marrow transplantation, 302–3
Borgschulte–Grigsby deficiency, 314
Bourneville–Pringle disease see tuberous sclerosis
brachial amyotrophic diplegia, 200
brachial arterial catheterization, 418
brachial nerve palsy, 219
bradycardias, management, 33–4
bradydysrhythmias
long QT syndrome, 46
pacemakers, 49
brain abscesses, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62
brain death, coma, 182–3
brain protection, neurosurgery, 180
breast cancer, 371–3
breast-feeding
antidysrhythmic drugs, 51
antiepileptic drugs, 169
benzodiazepines, 169
cyclosporine, 391
dantrolene, 249–58, 272
ethosuccimide, 169
HIV mother–child transmission, 324
leukemias, 301
myasthenia gravis, 154
phenytoin, 169
breech delivery, osteogenesis imperfecta, 162
brittle bones see osteogenesis imperfecta
bromocriptine
neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 364
prolactinoma therapy, 280
bronchoconstriction, 398
bronchodilators, 90
bruits, 60
bubonic plague, 333
Budd–Chiari syndrome, 249, 251, 256
associated diseases, 250, 256
budesonide DPI, 78
bulbar weakness see peripheral neuropathy
bullous pemphigoid, 348
bupivacaine
liver transplantation, 395
Marfan syndrome, 67
post cesarean section pain, 235
pulmonary artery aneurysm, 63
Takayasu arteritis, 65
buprenorphine, renal failure effects, 261
Burkitt lymphoma, 301
butyrophenones, renal failure effects, 261
C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency, 353
CA125, ovarian cancer, 374
cabergoline, 281
café-au-lait spots, 148, 218
caffeine, dosages, 232
caffeine halothane contracture test (CHCT), 269
calcitonin, hyperparathyroidism, 288
calcium channel blockers
atrial fibrillation, 38
atrial flutter, 37
Conn syndrome, 287
Marfan syndrome, 68
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
pheochromocytoma, 284
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
renal failure effects, 261
spinal cord injury, 194
calcium channel disorders, 108
Campylobacter infections, 322
Campylobacter jejuni infection, 218
cancer see malignancy; specific cancers
carbamazepine
side effects, 170
thyroid disease effects, 277
“cardiac” anesthetic induction, 8
cardiac decompensation, 1
cardiac output (CO)
acute cardiac decompensation, 141
Marfan syndrome, 66
pregnancy, effects of, 1, 30
in pregnant heart transplant recipients, 387
pulmonary hypertension, 134
scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 135, 136
cardiodopa, 171
cardiomegaly, 60
cardiomyopathy, 11–13
etiology, 11
see also specific types
cardiopulmonary bypass, 14
cardiopulmonary compromise
Friedreich ataxia, 156
scoliosis labor analgesia, 139–40
cardiopulmonary pathophysiology
scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 135
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 30, 53
cardiorespiratory status
cystic fibrosis, 90, 91
scoliosis, 136–7
cardiovascular status
acromegaly, 281
acute liver failure, 257
cirrhosis, 385
end-stage renal disease, 383
hypoparathyroidism, 289
pregnancy in heart transplantation, 387
scoliosis see scoliosis
spinal cord tumors, 196
cardioversion, preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43
carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) deficiency, 101, 104–8, 115–28
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254
carpal tunnel syndrome, 219, 232
case reports
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 201
anterior spinal artery syndrome, 208–9
antiphospholipid syndrome, 405, 416, 419
coma, 182–3
dengue virus infection, 328, 329
dwarfism, disproportionate, 126
dysfibrinogenemia, 310
essential thrombocytopenia, 300
factor V deficiency, 311, 312
factor VIII deficiency, 311, 312
factor IX deficiency, 312
heart–lung transplantation, 388
malignant hyperthermia, 270, 271
monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 367
phenelzine, 367
porphyria, 245
postpolio syndrome, 201
rubeola, 327
spina bifida cystica, 204
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 126
tethered cord syndrome, 207
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 306, 308, 309–10
“catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome” (CAPS), 418, 419
catecholamine O-methyl transferase inhibitors, Parkinson disease therapy, 171
catecholamines
long QT syndrome, 47
pheochromocytoma, 283
catheter aspiration, acute pneumothorax management, 93
catheter placement, scoliosis, 138–9
“cat scratch disease,” 257
ceftriaxone, typhoid fever, 334
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 323
central blood volume, 7
central core myopathies, 104, 118
central diabetes insipidus, 281
central monitoring, thyrotoxic crisis, 275
central nervous system (CNS)
acute porphyria, 244
chronic renal failure, 259
disorders see central nervous system (CNS) disorders
hemorrhage, 174–6
tumors see central nervous system (CNS) tumors/neoplasms
varicella zoster virus infection, 326
central nervous system (CNS) disorders, 46, 157, 167–89
central nervous system (CNS) tumors/neoplasms, 172–3, 375–6
cesarean section, 11, 173, 376
clinical features, 173
delivery methods, 173
diagnosis, 173
epidemiology, 375
management, 173, 375–6
pregnancy effects, 173
prognosis, 376
signs and symptoms, 375
see also specific types
central neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy vs., 221
central venous cannulae, congenital heart disease, 16
centronuclear myopathies, 104, 123
cephalohematomas, 160
cephalosporins, 389
renal failure effects, 261
cerebral aneurysms, 175
cerebral arteriovenous malformations, 62
cerebral contusions, 181
cerebral dysfunction, 150
cerebral edema, 174
cerebral ischemia, 176–7, 180
cerebral trauma, 181
cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), 176
cerebral ischemia, 176, 180
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 179
syringomyelia, 205
ceruloplasmin, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257, 384
cervical cancer, 371–3
cervical joint destruction, 409
cervical spine
imaging, 118
disproportionate dwarfism, 125
rheumatoid arthritis, 408–9
cesarean section (C/S)
acute fatty liver of pregnancy see acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP)
acute spinal cord injury, 191
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 201
anemias, 294
anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393
anterior spinal artery syndrome, 209
antiphospholipid syndrome, 419
Arnold Chiari malformation, 185
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158–9
asthma see asthma
bacterial infections, 321–3
benign intracranial hypertension, 178
bone marrow abnormalities, 299
central nervous system neoplasms, 11, 173
central nervous system tumors, 376
cerebral ischemia, 177
chronic spinal cord injury, 193
cirrhosis, 255
coma, 182
congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, 94
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, 264
Cushing syndrome, 287
cystic fibrosis see cesarean section
dengue virus infection, 329
disproportionate dwarfism see dwarfism, disproportionate
Eisenmenger syndrome, 22
epilepsy, 169, 170
essential thrombocytopenia, 302
factor VII deficiency, 311
factor VIII deficiency, 312
factor XI deficiency, 313
familial dysautonomia, 217
Gaucher disease, 241
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
hemodynamics, 6
hydrocephalus with shunt, 178
hypothyroidism, 277
increased intracranial pressure, 180
intracerebral hemorrhage, 176
leukemias, 302
liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394
long QT syndrome, 47
lumbar disc prolapse, 141
malignant hyperthermia, 270
Marfan syndrome, 68
May–Hegglin anomaly, 306
McArdle disease, 239
myasthenia gravis, 154
myositis ossificans progressiva, 110, 123
myotonic dystrophy, 103, 116
Noonan syndrome, 147–8
Parkinson disease, 172
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 12
pheochromocytoma see pheochromocytomas
pneumothorax, 93
polycythemia vera see polycythemia vera (PV)
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62
rheumatoid arthritis, 408
schizophrenia, 364
scleroderma, 417, 418
spinal anesthesia, 32
spinal cord tumors, 197
spinal muscular atrophy, 198
subarachnoid hemorrhage, 175
Takayasu arteritis, 65
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308
thyrotoxic crisis, 276
vaginal delivery vs.
heart disease, 6
HIV infection, 324
varicella zoster virus infection, 326
venous air embolism, 85
von Hippel Lindau disease, 151–2
von Willebrand disease, 314
Chagas disease see Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 215–16
Chediak–Higashi syndrome, 303, 306
chelating agents, 256
chemotherapy
breast cancer therapy, 371
central nervous system tumor therapy, 375
chest compression, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 53
chest pain, normal pregnancy, 1
chest radiography
pneumothorax, 93
primary pulmonary hypertension, 57
pulmonary artery aneurysm, 63
pulmonary thromboembolism, 82
Cheyne–Stokes respiration, 179
chickenpox see varicella zoster virus infection (chickenpox)
Chlamydia infection, 322, 389
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
Chlamydia psittaci infection (psittacosis), 334
chloramphenicol
peripheral neuropathy, 224
typhoid fever, 334
chloroprocaine, 140
chloroquine, 408
chlorpromazine, schizophrenia, 363, 364
chlorpropamide, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus management, 282
chlorquinine, 331
cholangiocarcinoma, 255
cholecystectomy, 258
cholecystitis, 249, 258
incidence, 258
choledocholithiasis, 258
cholelithiasis, 249, 258
cholera see Vibrio cholerae infections
cholesterol (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 250, 384
cholinergic agents
gender differences, 229
tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36
cholinesterase, pregnancy, effects of, 384
choriocarcinoma, 173
management, 173
Christmas disease see factor IX deficiency
chronic airway obstruction, cystic fibrosis, 89
chronic aortic regurgitation, 9
chronic asthma see asthma
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 218–19
chronic mitral regurgitation, 9
chronic pain see pain, chronic
chronic pancreatitis, hereditary, 197
chronic renal failure see renal failure, chronic
chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 333
chronotropes
heart transplantation, 396
tetralogy of Fallot, 19
Churg–Strauss syndrome, 262
cicatricial pemphigoid (CP), 348
cimetidine, 172
circulatory collapse, Addisonian crisis, 286
cirrhosis, 249, 255, 385
cisatracurium, 394
cisplatin, 224
clindamycin, 331
clonazepam, 369
clonidine
panic disorder, 369
post cesarean section pain, 235
renal failure effects, 261
spinal cord injury, 194
clopidogrel, 5
closing capacity (CC), 135
Clostridium botulinum infection, 322, 323
coagulation disorders, 303–14
amniotic fluid embolism, 85–6, 87, 88
anesthetic management, 303
blood vessel wall disorders, 309–10
factor deficiencies, 314
regional anesthesia, 303
blood vessel wall disorders, 309–10
anesthetic management, 309–10
clinical history, 309
factor deficiencies, 294, 310–14
anesthetic management, 314
level assessment, 314
liver disease emergencies, 257
Noonan syndrome, 146
platelet disorders, 303–9
function disorders, 305–7
thrombotic microangiopathy, 307–8
see also specific diseases/disorders
coagulation factors
disorders see specific factors
thromboembolic disease, 81
see also specific factors
coagulation testing, normal pregnancy, 293
coarctation of the aorta, 19–20
Noonan syndrome, 147
Cobb method, scoliosis, 129, 130, 131
cocaine overdose, malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 270
Cockayne syndrome, 126
codeine, renal failure effects, 261
cognitive behavioral therapy
fibromyalgia therapy, 233
panic disorder, 368, 369
coil embolization, 61
cold knife conization, 373
cold-reactive autoantibodies, 297
colistin, 90
collagen, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159–60
collagen “softening,” Marfan syndrome, 66
coma, 181–3
combined spinal–epidural analgesia/anesthesia (CSE), 49
achondroplasia, 124
antiphospholipid syndrome, 419
asthma labor/delivery, 80
cesarean section, 59
diabetic neuropathy, 221
familial dysautonomia, 217
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13
Moyamoya disease, 69
myasthenia gravis, 155
myotonic dystrophy, 103, 116
Parkinson disease, 172
primary pulmonary hypertension, 59
scoliosis labor analgesia, 139
compression ultrasonography, deep vein thrombosis, 82
computed tomography (CT)
central nervous system disorders, 167
disproportionate dwarfism, 125
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 61
intracerebral hemorrhage, 175
pheochromocytoma, 284
pituitary gland disorders, 280
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 59
spiral
Marfan syndrome, 67
pulmonary thromboembolism, 82
tethered cord syndrome, 206
computerized axial tomography, deep vein thrombosis, 82
concussion, cerebral trauma, 181
condyloma, 326
congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), 81
cesarean section, 94
diagnosis, 94
diaphragmatic pacing, 94
epidural anesthesia, 94
etiology, 94
ventilatory support, 94
congenital heart block, 33
systemic lupus erythematosus, 411
congenital heart disease (CHD), 15–16, 39
risk stratification, 4
dysrhythmias, 35, 39
lesions, 20
management, 20
surgery see below
surgically-corrected, 20
European Society of Cardiology, 20
procedures, 20, 21
see also specific corrections
congenital heart lesions, cyanotic see cyanotic congenital heart lesions
congenital malformations
antiepileptic drugs, 167, 169
tricyclic antidepressants, 365
congenital myopathies see myopathies
congenital myotonic dystrophy see myotonic dystrophy
congenital red cell aplasias, 298
see also specific diseases/disorders
congenital regional hyperplasia, 286, 287–8
congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), 327
congenital varicella zoster virus infection (chickenpox), 326
Congo–Crimean hemorrhagic fever, 335
connective tissue diseases/disorders, 145–66
see also specific diseases/disorders
Conn syndrome, 287
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), 264
continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration, 88
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), 88
continuous spinal analgesia/anesthesia
achondroplasia, 124
aortic stenosis, 8
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13
spinal muscular atrophy, 198
thyrotoxic crisis, 276
contractility
atrial septal defect, 17
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 12
contusions, cerebral trauma, 181
Cori disease, 240
coronary artery bypass grafting, 15
coronary artery disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, 412
cor pulmonale, achondroplasia, 110, 120
corticosteroids, 389
acute asthma, 79
asthma labor/delivery, 80
central nervous system tumors, 375, 376
chronic asthma, 78
intracranial pressure, 179
myasthenia gravis, 153, 154
renal vasculitic disease, 262
rheumatoid arthritis, 407
systemic lupus erythematosus, 412
Takayasu arteritis, 65
corticotropin-dependent Cushing syndrome, 286
corticotropin-independent Cushing syndrome, 286
cough, cystic fibrosis, 90
coup contusions, cerebral trauma, 181
COX-2 inhibitors, 329
cranial nerve lesions, 200
VIII nerve, 219
abducent nerve, 219
idiopathic facial nerve palsy, 219
trigeminal cranial nerve, 219
craniofacial features, achondroplasia, 108, 119
CREST variant, scleroderma, 416
cricoarytenoid joint, rheumatoid arthritis, 43, 409
cromolyn, chronic asthma, 78
C/S see cesarean section (C/S)
curve progression, scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 134
Cushing disease, 281
Cushing triad, 179
Cushing syndrome, 286–7
cutaneous mastocytosis see mastocytosis
cyanotic congenital heart lesions, 18
cyclophosphamide, renal vasculitic disease management, 262
cyclosporine, 336, 389, 390–2, 395
drug interactions, 381
maternal side effects, 386, 390–2, 397–8
myasthenia gravis, 153
rheumatoid arthritis, 407, 408
cyproheptadine, 287
cystathionine β-synthase deficiency, 242
cystic fibrosis, 89–92
cesarean section
anesthetic management, 92
hemodynamic function monitoring, 92
pulmonary function monitoring, 92
clinical features, 89–92
cytochrome P-450, liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 395
cytomegalovirus infection, 325
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
hepatitis, 249, 262
hyperimmune globulin therapy, 325
liver transplantation, 386
prevalence, 325
transplant recipients, 389
daclizumab, 389
dalteparin
American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5
dosing regimens, 84
dantrolene
breast-feeding, 249–58, 272
malignant hyperthermia therapy, 270, 271–2
neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 364
uterine muscle contractility, 271
dapsone, 224
DDAVP see 1-deamino-8-D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)
1-deamino-8-D arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)
factor VIII deficiency, 314
Noonan syndrome, 148
platelet storage pool deficiency, 307
von Willebrand disease, 311, 314
debrancher enzyme deficiency, 240
decompensation, scoliosis, 137, 138
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
chronic spinal cord injury, 192
clinical features, 81
diagnosis, 82
incidence, 81
management, 82–4
dehydration, 279
Dejerine–Sottas disease, 216
delivery see cesarean section (C/S); vaginal delivery; specific conditions
dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), 328, 329
dengue virus infection, 328–9
dense granules (δ-SPD), platelet storage pool deficiency, 306
depolarizing muscle relaxants, myasthenia gravis, 155
dermatitis herpetiformis, immunopathology, 348
dermatomyositis
dermatoses, 357
diagnosis, 110, 120
inflammatory myopathies, 108, 119–20
rash, 110, 120, 121
dermatoses, 343–62
see also specific diseases/disorders
dermatosparaxis, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159
desmopressin
central diabetes insipidus management, 282
hypothyroidism, 277
dexamethasone
thyrotoxic crisis management, 275, 276
dextropropoxyphene, renal failure effects, 261
diabetes insipidus, 281–2
diabetes mellitus 279
management during pregnancy, 220
transplantation, 381
diabetes mellitus type1
insulin infusions, 280
pancreas–kidney transplantation, 384
stiff-joint syndrome, 279
diabetic ketoacidosis, 278–9
diabetic neuropathy, 220–1
diabetic scleroderma see stiff-joint syndrome (diabetic scleroderma)
dialysis see renal replacement therapy (dialysis)
Diamond–Blackfan syndrome, 298
diamorphine, renal failure effects, 261
diaphragmatic failure, scoliosis, 136
diaphragmatic pacing, 94
diastasis pubis, 232
diastrophic dwarfism, 126
diazepam
chronic spinal cord injury management, 192
epilepsy management, 169
renal failure effects, 261
didanosine interactions, 324
diet, phenylketonuria, 241
digitalis, atrial fibrillation, 38
digoxin, 52
atrial fibrillation, 38
atrial flutter therapy, 37
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
renal failure effects, 261
dihydrocodeine, renal failure effects, 261
dilation and curettage, Noonan syndrome, 147–8
diltiazem, 52
tachydysrhythmia, 36, 49–52
thyrotoxic crisis, 276
diphtheria, peripheral neuropathy, 222
direct-current cardioversion, ventricular tachycardia, 39
direct intra-arterial pressure monitoring, sickling syndromes, 295
direct laryngoscopy, achondroplasia, 122
discoid rash, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
disc prolapse, 129
disopyramide
acquired long QT syndrome, 46
atrial fibrillation therapy, 38
preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43
distal myopathies, 104, 123
diuretics, peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
dobutamine
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
Döhle-like bodies, Fechtner syndrome, 305
dopamine
bradycardia management, 33
Parkinson disease, 170
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
dopamine agonists, 171
dopamine β-hydroxylase deficiency, 217
dopamine receptor agonists, 280
Doppler echocardiography, 32
DOTS elimination strategy, tuberculosis, 332
doxycycline, 333
drug-induced peripheral neuropathy, 224
drugs
end-stage renal disease, 383
malignant hyperthermia, 270
thrombocytopenia, 305
see also specific drugs
Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 101
ductal ectasia, Marfan syndrome, 68
dural puncture, neurofibromatosis, 149
DVT see deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
dwarfism, 101, 103, 104, 107, 108, 115–28
abdominal dimensions, 103, 116
epidural anesthesia see below
general anesthesia see below
preoperative consultation, 108, 117
disproportionate see below
neonatal considerations, 101, 103, 117, 118, 126
prognosis, 126
nonachondroplastic, 102, 121
pregnancy complications, 108, 117
proportionate, 115
anesthetic management, 104, 117
pregnancy effects, 101, 115–16
types, 115
vaginal delivery, 117, 129
patient-controlled epidural analgesia, 117
see also specific types
dwarfism, disproportionate, 101, 115, 118
anesthetic management, 103, 104, 121–6
evaluation, 121
general anesthetic, 110, 121–2
investigations, 110, 121
cardiac compromise, 125
case reports, 126
cervical spine x-ray, 125
cesarean section, 121, 125
general anesthetic, 110, 121–2
computed tomography, 125
obstetric management, 102, 121
pregnancy effects, 102, 121
pulmonary compromise, 125
dynamic outflow tract obstruction, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 12
dysautonomia
familial see familial dysautonomia see peripheral neuropathy
dysfibrinogenemia, 310
case reports, 310
dyspnea
primary pulmonary hypertension, 57
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62
scoliosis, 133
scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 135, 135
dysprothrombinemia, 310
dysrhythmia drugs, class IA, 37
dysrhythmias, 21, 29, 30
aortic heart disease, 40
congenital heart disease, 35, 39
electrolyte abnormalities, 41
heart disease, 39
heart transplantation, 40–1
ischemic heart disease, 40
management, 31, 53, 409
mitral stenosis, 40
mitral valve prolapse, 40
pericarditis, 40
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 40
structural heart disease, 40
ventricular see ventricular dysrhythmias
see also specific types
dystocia, anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393
dystrophica myotonia see myotonic dystrophy
dysuria, herpes simplex virus infection, 325
Ebola hemorrhagic fever, 335
mortality, 335
Ebstein anomaly, 19, 39
anesthetic management, 19
management, 19
lithium, 365
tricuspid valve reconstruction, 39
pathophysiology, 19
pregnancy, course of, 39
echocardiography
cardiac conduction disorders, 31
muscular dystrophies, 101, 115
pulmonary thromboembolism, 82
transesophageal, 32
two-dimensional, 32
eclampsia
cerebral ischemia vs., 176
seizure disorders, 167
ectopic beats, 34
eczema, differential diagnosis, 345, 405–10
edema, carpal tunnel syndrome, 232
edrophonium, 152
edrophonium test, 152
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS), 159–61, 350
anesthetic management, 157, 161
see also specific types
β-mimetic tocolytics, 160
cephalohematomas, 160
cesarean section, regional anesthesia, 163
characteristics, 159, 160
classification, 159
collagen, 159–60
pregnancy effects, 160
prevalence, 159
regional anesthesia, 161, 350
cesarean section, 163
SAB, 161
vaginal birth, 160
Eisenmenger syndrome (ES), 16, 21, 39
anesthetic management, 22
definition, 21
management, 21–2
see also pulmonary hypertension
ejection fraction, 387
electrical cardioversion, 38
electrocardiography (EKG)
amniotic fluid embolism, 88
atrial flutter, 37
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161
epidermolysis bullosa, 350
Friedreich ataxia diagnosis, 156
hyperparathyroidism, 289
long QT syndrome, 45
myasthenia gravis, 154
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
preexcitation syndromes, 42
pregnancy, effects of, 14, 29, 30
premature atrial depolarizations, 34
primary pulmonary hypertension, 57
pulmonary hypertension, 58
pulmonary thromboembolism, 82
subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosis, 174
Takayasu arteritis, 64
venous air embolism diagnosis, 85–6, 87
ventricular tachycardia, 38
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, 43, 409
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 287, 364, 368
electrolyte abnormalities
diabetic ketoacidosis management, 279
thyrotoxic crisis, 275
electromyography (EMG)
myasthenia gravis diagnosis, 152
postpolio syndrome, 201
electrophysiology, ventricular tachycardia, 38
elliptocytosis, hereditary, 297
embolic stroke see atrial fibrillation
emerging infections, 328
Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, 101
encephalitis, herpes simplex virus infection, 325
endocrine disorders, 275–92
end-stage renal disease, 383
see also specific diseases/disorders
endometrial cancer, 374
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), 258
endotracheal intubation
achondroplasia, 110, 122
acromegaly, 281
adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75–6
cystic fibrosis, 92
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
Moyamoya disease, 69
rheumatoid arthritis, 409
scoliosis, 140–1
Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184
Takayasu arteritis, 65
in transplant recipients, 394
achondroplasia, 110, 122
dwarfism, 118
end-stage liver disease, 385–6
end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 383
end-tidal carbon dioxide
malignant hyperthermia, 269
pulmonary thromboembolism, 82
energy metabolism disorders, myopathies see myopathies
enflurane, 80
enforced bedrest, acute spinal cord injury, 191
enlarged pulmonary artery root, Marfan syndrome, 66
enoxaparin
American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5
dosing regimens, 84
environmental toxins, Parkinson disease, 170
enzyme replacement therapy, Gaucher disease, 241
ependymoblastomas, 195
ephedrine
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13
intravenous fluid management, 180
mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
spinal cord injury, 194
epidermolysis bullosa, 350
immunopathology, 348
epidermolysis bullosa dystrophicans, 348
epidural analgesia/anesthesia
achondroplasia, 104, 123
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255
Addison disease, 285
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 201
aortic stenosis, 8
Arnold Chiari malformation, 185
asthma labor/delivery, 80
atrial septal defects, 17
bacterial infections, 321
central nervous system tumors, 173, 376
congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, 94
Conn syndrome, 287
diabetes mellitus, 280
diabetic neuropathy, 221
dwarfism, 108, 117
Eisenmenger syndrome, 22
epilepsy, 170
familial dysautonomia, 217
Friedreich ataxia, 157, 167–89
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 397
herpes simplex virus infection, 325
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13
Kawasaki disease, 69
malignant hyperthermia, 269, 270
Marfan syndrome, 67
mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9
mitral stenosis, 7
mixed valvular lesions, 9, 10
Moyamoya disease, 69
myotonia congenita, 108, 117–18
myotonic dystrophy, 103, 125–6
Noonan syndrome, 147
obstetric palsies, 219
osteogenesis imperfecta, 162
Parkinson disease, 172
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 12
pheochromocytoma, 284
pneumothorax, 93
polyarteritis nodosa, 415
polycythemia vera, 302
primary pulmonary hypertension, 59
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62, 63
pulmonary artery aneurysm see pulmonary artery aneurysm
pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 93, 95
renal disease, 260
scleroderma, 418
scoliosis see scoliosis
sickling syndromes, 296
spina bifida cystica, 185
spinal cord injury, 194
stiff-joint syndrome, 279
subarachnoid hemorrhage, 175
syringomyelia, 205
Takayasu arteritis, 65
tethered cord syndrome, 207
epidural block
autonomic hyperreflexia, 193
Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184
epidural catheters
anterior spinal artery syndrome, 209
spinal cord injury, 194
epidural hematoma, cerebral trauma, 181
epilepsy, 167–70
epinephrine
anterior spinal artery syndrome, 209
bradycardia management, 33
malignant hyperthermia, 269, 270
mitral stenosis, 7
status asthmaticus management, 79
epoprostenol, 141
Epstein–Barr virus infection
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
hepatitis, 249, 262
Epstein syndrome, 305
eptifibatide, 5
ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), 258
ergometrine
cardiovascular effects, 2
in heart disease, 6
renal failure effects, 261
ergonovine, 396
asthma cesarean section, 80
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 21, 22
ergot derivatives
Marfan syndrome, 68
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
erythema multiforme (EM), 350–1
erythema nodosum, 351
signs and symptoms, 4, 349, 351, 353
erythrocytosis see polycythemia vera (PV)
erythromelalgia, 300
erythropoietin, 294
Escherichia coli infection, 322
acute pyelonephritis, 260
esmolol, 52
atrial fibrillation therapy, 38
pheochromocytoma, 285
thyrotoxic crisis management, 276
essential thrombocytopenia (ET), 300, 302
estrogen, pain, 229
etanercept, 353
ethambutol, 332
ethane 1-hydroxy-1,1-disphosphate (EHDP), 110, 122–3
ethosuccimide, 169
etomidate
Addison disease, 286
aortic stenosis, 8
asthma, 79
bacterial infections, 323
cardiovascular effects, 2
HIV infection, 324
pheochromocytoma, 285
Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 334
etoposide, 376
etretinate, 349
European Society of Cardiology, 20
Evan syndrome, 297
exercise, fibromyalgia therapy, 233
exercise stress electrocardiography, 14
exertional dyspnea, scoliosis, 133
exocrine gland dysfunction, cystic fibrosis, 90
exogenous surfactant, 76
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 76
extradural abscesses, 335
extubation, Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184
factor I deficiency, 294
factor II, 310
factor II deficiency, 294, 310
factor V deficiency, 294, 310–14
factor VII, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 256, 294, 384
factor VII deficiency, 294, 311
secondary, 325
factor VIII, 294
pregnancy, effects of, 249, 256, 294, 384
factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A), 312, 314
factor IX, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 256, 294, 384
factor IX deficiency, 294, 312
anesthetic management, 314
factor X, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 256, 294, 313, 384
factor X deficiency, 294, 312–13
factor XI, pregnancy, effects of, 294, 313
factor XI deficiency, 294, 313
factor XII, pregnancy, effects of, 294
factor XII deficiency, 294, 313
factor XIII deficiency, 294, 313
familial dysautonomia, 217
malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 271
family history, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161
Fanconi anemia, 298
fascioscapulo muscular dystrophy, 105
fat emboli, 88–9
Fechtner syndrome, 305
Döhle-like bodies, 305
femoral nerve palsy, 220
fentanyl
asthma labor/delivery, 80
cardiovascular effects, 2
dosages, 232
renal failure effects, 261
liver transplantation, 394
Marfan syndrome, 67
pheochromocytoma, 284
primary pulmonary hypertension, 59
ferritin, pregnancy, effects of, 294
fetal abnormalities
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254
chronic spinal cord injury, 192
phenylketonuria, 241
fetal cardiac rhabdomyomas, 150
fetal dysrhythmias, electroconvulsive therapy, 368
fetal magnetocardiography, 53
fetal monitoring
malignancy, 371
systemic lupus erythematosus, 412
fetal mortality
antiphospholipid syndrome, 419
diabetic ketoacidosis, 278
idiopathic/immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 304
parvovirus B19 infection, 327
fetal risks
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 346
myasthenia gravis therapy, 154
FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), heart–lung transplantation, 388
fever
bacterial infections, 321
malignant hyperthermia, 271
fiberoptic laryngoscopy, 122
fibrillation, ventricular see ventricular fibrillation
fibrillin-1 gene mutation, 65
fibrin deposition, 297
fibrinogen, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 255, 293, 294, 384
fibrinogen deficiency, 298
types, 310
fibromyalgia, 232–4
fifth disease see parvovirus B19 infection
FIGO staging, malignancy, 376
FK506 see tacrolimus
flecainide, 38
peripheral neuropathy, 224
preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43
flexible fiberoptic pharyngo-laryngoscopy, 409
fludrocortisone, 285
fluid management
adult respiratory distress syndrome, 76
aortic stenosis, 8
intracerebral hemorrhage, 176
intravenous fluid management, 180
neurosurgery see neurosurgery
porphyria therapy, 245
fluoroquinolones, 333
fluoroscopy, 60
fluoxetine, teratogenesis, 366
flupentixol, 363
fluphenazine, 363
focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis, 263
focal nodular hyperplasia, 255
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 263
folic acid supplements, 168
Fontan repair, 20–1, 29
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
analgesic drug grading, 233
antidysrhythmic drugs, 51, 52
category B medications, 230
category C medications, 230
foramen magnum stenosis, achondroplasia, 108, 110, 119–20
Forbes disease, 240
forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), heart–lung transplantation, 388
forced vital capacity see FVC (forced vital capacity)
formoterol, chronic asthma therapy, 78
Friedreich ataxia, 155–7, 185, 202
epidural analgesia/anesthesia, 167–89
fulminant subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, 182
functional residual capacity (FRC)
dwarfism, 116
heart–lung transplantation, 388
scoliosis, 132, 140
furosemide, 179
FVC (forced vital capacity)
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
heart–lung transplantation, 388
gabapentin, 235
γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 258, 384
Gardnerella vaginalis infection, 322
gastrointestinal changes, end-stage renal disease, 383
gastrointestinal procedures, antibiotic prophylaxis, 5
Gaucher disease, 240–1
gender differences
cholinergic agents, 229
long QT syndrome, 44
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 229
opioids, 229
general anesthesia
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255
Addison disease, 285
alcohol abuse, 224
aortic dissection, 14
Arnold Chiari malformation, 185
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158, 159
asthma cesarean section, 80
benign intracranial hypertension, 178
central nervous system tumors, 376
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease see Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Conn syndrome, 287
Cushing syndrome, 287
cystic fibrosis, 92
diabetes mellitus, 280
disproportionate dwarfism, 110, 121–2
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161
electroconvulsive therapy, 364, 368
epilepsy, 170
factor V deficiency, 311
familial dysautonomia, 217
Friedreich ataxia, 157
Gaucher disease, 241
Gorlin disease, 145
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 397
herpes simplex virus infection, 325
hydrocephalus with shunt, 178
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13
hypoparathyroidism, 289
inflammatory myopathies, 110, 122
Laron dwarfism, 118
liver disease emergencies, 257
malignant bone marrow disorders, 302
malignant hyperthermia, 270–1
Marfan syndrome, 68
May–Hegglin anomaly, 306
McArdle disease, 239
mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9, 10
mitral stenosis, 7–8
myasthenia gravis see myasthenia gravis (MG)
myotonia congenita, 108, 118
myotonic dystrophy, 104, 117
neurofibromatosis, 149, 218
osteogenesis imperfecta, 162, 163
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 299
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 12
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
pheochromocytoma, 284–5
pneumothorax, 93
porphyria, 245
primary pulmonary hypertension see primary pulmonary hypertension
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 62
scleroderma, 418
sickling syndromes, 296
spinal muscular atrophy see spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)
Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184
subarachnoid hemorrhage, 175
syringomyelia, 205–6
thromboembolic disease, 85
thyrotoxic crisis, 276
Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 334
varicella zoster virus infection, 326
gene therapy, cystic fibrosis, 90
genetic counseling, congenital myotonic dystrophy, 103, 121–6
genitourinary antibiotic prophylaxis, 5
genotype–phenotype correlations, Marfan syndrome, 65
geographical epidemiology, hepatitis C, 250, 264
German measles see rubella (German measles)
germ cell cancer, 374
gestational thrombocytopenia see thrombocytopenia
gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), 376
gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), 376
Gitelmann syndrome, 250, 264
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), 303, 306
Glenn repair, 21, 30
gliomas, 173
epidemiology, 375
globulins (serum), albumin ratio, 384
α-globulins (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 250, 384
β-globulins (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 250, 384
γ-globulins (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 250, 384
globulins (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 255, 384
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
chronic renal failure, 258
normal pregnancy, 258
glomerulonephritis, 249, 250, 262, 263
glucocorticoids
Addison disease management, 285
systemic lupus erythematosus therapy, 412
glucose
hypoglycemic coma management, 279
thyrotoxic crisis, 275
glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), 384
glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), 384
glutathione S-transferase alpha, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253, 346
glyceryl trinitrate see nitroglycerin
glycogen storage diseases, 104, 239–40
glycolysis defects, 104
glycopyrrolate, porphyria, 245
gold, rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407
Goodpasture syndrome, 250, 262
Gorlin disease, 145, 146
Gorlin–Golty syndrome see Gorlin disease
gradient estimation, aortic stenosis, 8
Graves disease
hyperthyroidism, 275
maternal, thyroid disease in neonates, 277
grey platelet syndrome (αSPD), 306, 308, 309–10
anesthesia, 307
growth hormone resistance, Laron dwarfism, 115
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), 218
Guthrie test, phenylketonuria, 241
hair growth, normal pregnancy, 345
Hallopeau–Siemens syndrome, 348
haloperidol
schizophrenia, 363
teratogenesis, 363
halothane
asthma, cesarean section, 80
cardiovascular effects, 2
HIV infection, 324
porphyria, 245
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, 327–8
head and neck cancers, 375
heart abnormalities
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161
systemic lupus erythematosus, 412–13
heart disease
anesthetic management, 5–6
classification, 39
clinical history, 2, 3–4
disproportionate dwarfism, 125
dysrhythmias, 39
management, 3–6
maternal mortality, 3
Noonan syndrome, 147
postpartum period, 6, 7
invasive monitoring, 6
structural, 1–18
dysrhythmias, 40
incidence, 1
New York Heart Association classification, 1
see also specific diseases/disorders
tuberous sclerosis, 151
vaginal vs. cesarean section delivery, 6
heart disease, conduction disorders, 21, 29, 52
assessment, 21, 30–2
impulse generation, 29
impulse propagation, 29
heart failure, Takayasu arteritis, 64
heart lesions, cyanotic congenital see cyanotic congenital heart lesions
heart–lung transplantation, 386–8
anesthetic management, 396–8
aseptic techniques, 382–3
bronchoconstriction, 398
invasive monitoring, 396
transesophageal echocardiography, 396
volatile agents, 398
case reports, 388
hemodynamic indices, 387–8
obliterative bronchiolitis, 388
obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome, 388
physiological effects, 387
pregnancy, 382
pulmonary function, 388
rejection, 388
statistics, 382
see also heart transplantation
heart rate, 21, 29, 30
atrial septal defect management, 17
in heart transplant recipients, 387
mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9
heart rhythm, pregnancy, effects of, 30
heart sounds, 63
primary pulmonary hypertension, 57
heart transplantation, 386–8
anesthetic management, 396–8
aseptic techniques, 382–3
dysrhythmias, 40–1
hemodynamic indices, 387–8
maternal complications, 386
pathophysiology, 387
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11–12
preconception considerations, 386–7
pregnancy, 382, 387
see also heart–lung transplantation
helper T cell balance, bacterial infections, 321
hemabate see prostaglandin F2-alpha
hemangioblastomas, 151
hemangiolipomas, 196
hemangiomas, 196, 197
hematological diseases/disorders
end-stage renal disease, 383
systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
see also specific diseases/disorders
hematological malignancies, 377
hematological matching, antiphospholipid syndrome, 419
hematologic evaluation
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161
systemic lupus erythematosus, 413–14
hematomas, 181
spinal see spinal hematoma
hemodynamics
aortic stenosis, 8
atrial fibrillation, 37
atrial flutter therapy, 37
cesarean section, 6
heart disease, 6
heart–lung transplantation, 387–8
heart transplantation, 387–8
monitoring, 92
pheochromocytoma management, 284
pulmonary thromboembolism, 84
hemoglobin C homozygosity, 295
hemoglobin E homozygosity, 295
hemoglobinopathies, 294, 295
see also specific diseases/disorders
hemoglobin S (Hb S)
Hb E combination, 295
Hb F combination, 295
hemoglobin SC (Hb SC), 295
hemoglobin SD (Hb SD), 295
hemoglobin SS (Hb SS) see sickling syndromes
hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, 307, 308
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254
typhoid fever vs., 334
hemolytic anemias, 296–7
hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 249, 262, 307, 308
hemophilia A see factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A)
hemophilia B see factor IX deficiency
hemoptysis, 60
hemorrhagic shock, 386
hemothorax, 60
Henoch–Schönlein purpura, 309
heparin
American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5
antiphospholipid syndrome, 419
cerebral ischemia therapy, 177
deep vein thrombosis management, 82–4
dosing regimens, 84
hypercoagulable states, 314
induced thrombocytopenia, 4
during pregnancy, 4
pulmonary thromboembolism, 84
scoliosis, 137
thromboembolic disease, 85
see also low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
hepatic adenoma, 255
hepatic blood flow, 249, 255
hepatitis A, 249, 254, 258–65
hepatitis B, 249, 250, 256, 258–9
diagnosis, 250, 262
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
incidence, 250, 262–4
interferon therapy, 250, 262–3
transmission, 250, 262–3
hepatitis C, 249, 250, 256, 259
geographical epidemiology, 250, 264
HIV coinfection, 250, 264
incidence, 250, 263–4
liver function tests, 250, 264
transmission, 250, 264
hepatitis D, 249, 250, 259–60
hepatitis E, 249, 250, 260, 261
hepatitis G, 249, 250, 260–1, 263
hepatocellular carcinoma, 255
hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson disease), 249, 250, 251, 256
hereditary angioedema, 353
hereditary chronic pancreatitis, 197
hereditary coproporphyria (HC), 242
hereditary elliptocytosis, 297
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), 60, 62, 309
hereditary myopathies, 101–4
hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), 216–17
hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HSMN) type I see Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HSMN) type II see Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HSMN) type III, 216
hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HSMN) type IV, 216
hereditary spherocytosis, 296–7
hereditary stomatocytosis, 297
Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome, 306
herpes gestationis see pemphigoid of pregnancy
herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, 325
dermatoses, 354
hepatitis, 249, 261
type I, 325, 354
type 2, 325, 354
highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 324
hip replacements, 408
histamine H2-receptor blockers
familial dysautonomia, 217
hyperemesis gravidarum management, 252
malignant hyperthermia, 269, 271
HIV infection, 323–5, 354
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
hepatitis C coinfection, 250, 264
peripheral neuropathy, 222
platelet disorders, 303
HLA typing, bone marrow failure syndromes, 299
HOCM see hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)
Hodgkin disease, 301
incidence, 371
Holter monitor study, 34
homocystinuria, 240, 242, 269–73
Horder spots, Chlamydia psittaci infection, 334
hormonal changes, epilepsy, 168
hormonal therapy, pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 95
hospitalization
acute asthma, 79
acute pneumothorax, 93
hyperemesis gravidarum, 252
human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, bone marrow failure syndromes, 299
human papillomavirus infection, 325–6
dermatoses, 354
vulvar cancer, 374
humeral muscular dystrophy, 105
hydatid disease, 249, 257
hydralazine
intravenous fluid management, 180
spinal cord injury, 193
hydrocephalus
achondroplasia, 120
etiology, 178
spina bifida cystica, 203
subarachnoid hemorrhage, 174
hydrocephalus with shunt, 178
hydrocortisone
Addison disease management, 285
asthma labor/delivery, 80
status asthmaticus management, 79
hydronephrosis, 1, 262
hydrops fetalis, 327
hydroxychloroquine
rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407, 408
systemic lupus erythematosus, 412
21-hydroxylase deficiency, 287
5-hydroxytryptamine, 366
hypercalcemia
kidney transplantation, 383
presenting symptoms, 289
hypercarbia
renal disease, 260
venous air embolism, 85
hypercholesterolemia, 389
hypercoagulation, 314
thromboembolic disease, 81
hyperemesis gravidarum, 251, 252
liver transplantation, 345, 385
transient hyperthyroidism, 275
hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis management, 279
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, 280
characteristics, 280
hyperimmune globulin therapy, 325
hyperkalemia
chronic renal failure, 259
renal disease, 260
spinal cord injury, 195
hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, 108
muscle weakness, 108, 119, 120
hypermagnesemia
chronic renal failure, 259
myasthenia gravis, 154
renal disease, 260
hyperparathyroidism, 275, 288–9
hyperpigmentation, 345
hyperserotoninergic state, 367
hypertension
chronic renal failure, 259
cyclosporine, 391
pheochromocytoma, 283
pregnancy in kidney transplantation, 383
renal replacement therapy, 264
scleroderma, 405, 416–17
Takayasu arteritis, 64
hyperthermia, malignant see malignant hyperthermia
hyperthyroidism, 269, 270, 275–6, 288
see also thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), 12–13
hyperventilation
electroconvulsive therapy, 368
malignant hyperthermia, 270, 271
in pregnancy, 1
hyperviscosity, 18
hypervolemia, 180
hypocalcemia correction, 350
hypofibrinogenemia, 310
hypoglycemic coma, 182, 279
clinical features, 279
etiology, 19
incidence, 279
insulinomas, 182
management, 279
hypokalemia, 46
hypomagnesemia, 46
hypomania see manic depressive illness
hyponatremia, 252
hypoparathyroidism, 289
hypoprothrombinemia, 310
hypotension
amniotic fluid embolism, 88
aortic stenosis, 8
heart transplantation, 396
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13
spinal cord injury, 194
Takayasu arteritis, 64
hypothermia, McArdle disease, 240
hypothyroidism, 276–7
management
levothyroxine, 277
thyroid replacement therapy, 277
skeletal muscle effects, 277
subclinical, 277
trophoblastic disease, 377
hypotonia, 120
hypoventilation, 134
hypovolemia
chronic renal failure, 259
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
hypoxemia
adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75
amniotic fluid embolism, 88
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 59
scoliosis, 134, 137
venous air embolism, 85
ibuprofen, dosages, 232
ICD see implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)
idiopathic aplastic anemia, 297–8
idiopathic facial (VII) nerve palsy, 219
idiopathic/immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), 303, 304
idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, 357
idiopathic scoliosis see scoliosis
imaging, central nervous system disorders, 167
immunoglobulin A nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, 263
immunosuppressive drugs, 389–93
anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 394
aplastic anemia, 297
congenital defects, 389
monoclonal antibodies, 393
myasthenia gravis therapy, 152, 153, 154
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
during pregnancy, 390, 395
systemic lupus erythematosus therapy, 412
transplantation, 389
see also specific drugs
immunotherapy, dermatoses, 351, 353
impedance plethysmography, 82
impetigo herpetiformis see pustular psoriasis of pregnancy
implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)
arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, 53
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
impulse generation, 29
impulse propagation, 29
inclusion-body myositis
dermatoses, 357
inflammatory myopathies, 110, 120
increased intracranial pressure management, 179
induced thrombocytopenia, 4
induction agents
hypothyroidism, 277
infantile scoliosis, 129
infectious diseases, 321–42
anesthetic management, 335
central nervous system disorders, 173
emerging infections, 328
peripheral neuropathy, 222
renal disease, 260
transplantation, 389
tropical diseases, 323–8
see also specific infections
infectious embolism, 89
infective endocarditis, 4
inflammation, bacterial infections, 321
inflammatory mediators, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75
inflammatory myopathies, 108–10
anesthetic management, 84
dermatomyositis, 108, 119–20
extramuscular manifestations, 110
general anesthetic, 110, 122
inclusion-body myositis, 110, 120
muscle strength monitoring, 110, 122
overlap syndrome, 110, 121–2
polymyositis, 108, 120
therapy, 110
inflammatory pain, 229
infliximab, 353
influenza, 327
inhaled nitric oxide, 22
inheritance
cystic fibrosis, 89
Gorlin disease, 145
muscular dystrophies, 101, 107, 115–28
tuberous sclerosis, 149
inherited hemolytic anemias, 296–7
inherited renal disease, 250, 262–4
inlet atrioventricular (AV) canal, 17
inotropes
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
tetralogy of Fallot, 19
inspired volumes, scoliosis-pregnancy interactions, 135
insulin, diabetic ketoacidosis management, 279
insulinomas, 182
intensive care, acute asthma management, 79
interferon alpha therapy
essential thrombocytopenia, 300
thyroid disease effects, 277
interferon therapy, hepatitis B, 250, 262–3
interleukins, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75
intermediary metabolism disorders, 239–47
see also specific diseases/disorders
interstitial lung disease, 95
intracerebral hematomas, 181
intracerebral hemorrhage, 174, 175–6
intracranial lesions, 168
intracranial pressure (ICP)
central nervous system tumors, 375
prolactinoma, 280
intracranial pressure (ICP), increased, 178–80
analgesia, 175, 179
anesthesia, 179, 180–1
segmental lumbar epidural anesthesia, 176, 180
intrahepatic cholecystitis of pregnancy, 345
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 249–53, 345–7
differential diagnosis, 345, 347, 390
intrathecal opioids, 139see opioids
intrauterine growth restriction, asthma, 77
intravascular volume assessment, renal disease, 260
intravenous access, Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161
intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)
myasthenia gravis therapy, 153, 154
rubeola in pregnancy, 327
intubation see endotracheal intubation
in-utero echocardiography, 4
invasive monitoring
heart disease, 6
heart–lung transplantation anesthetic management, 396
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy management, 12
mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9
pulmonary thromboembolism, 82
scoliosis, 138
Takayasu arteritis, 64
invasive venography, deep vein thrombosis, 82
iodide solutions, thyrotoxic crisis management, 276
123iodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine scans, 284
ipratropium, 79
ischemia, central nervous system disorders, 176–81
ischemic heart disease, 40
isoflurane
asthma cesarean section, 80
cardiovascular effects, 2
cyclosporine interactions, 392
heart transplantation, 396
HIV infection, 324
porphyria, 245
primary pulmonary hypertension, 59
isolated atrial septal defects, 16
isolated growth hormone deficiency, 101, 115
isoniazid
peripheral neuropathy, 224
tuberculosis therapy, 332
isoproterenol, 33
isotope scanning, 82
jaundice
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254
liver transplantation, 384
Jervell, Lange–Nielsen syndrome, 44, 45
kala-azar, 334–5
Kasabach–Merritt coagulopathy, 70
Katayama fever see schistosomiasis
Kawasaki disease, 69
KCNE1 gene, 45
KCNQ1 gene, 45
Kennedy disease, 200
ketamine
asthma, 79
bacterial infections, 321–3
cardiovascular effects, 2
fibromyalgia, 234
myasthenia gravis, 155
Parkinson disease, 172
post cesarean section pain, 234, 235
renal failure effects, 261
viral hepatitis, 252
ketoconazole, 287
kidney dialysis see renal replacement therapy (dialysis)
kidney disease see renal disease/disorders
kidney transplantation, 381–4
anesthetic management, 394
optimum function, 395
preeclampsia, 49
see also specific diseases/disorders
see also pancreas–kidney transplantation
King–Denborough syndrome (King disease), 104
Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, post lumbar puncture, 335
Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome (KTWS), 69, 183, 184
characteristics, 69
Kasabach–Merritt coagulopathy, 70
vascular abnormalities, 68–9
VG5Q gene, 69
Kugelberg–Welander disease (spinal muscular atrophy type III), 137, 197
kyphoscoliosis, 129
achondroplasia, 120
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159
Friedreich ataxia, 156
spina bifida cystica, 203
spinal muscular atrophy, 197, 198
labetalol, 180
labetalol, pheochromocytoma, 284, 285
labor
asthma see asthma
dysrhythmias, 29
scoliosis, 138
labor pain, 1
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 258, 384
landiolol, Marfan syndrome, 68
large loop excision, 373
Laron dwarfism, 101, 115–18
Larsen syndrome, 126
laryngeal cancer, therapy, 375
laryngoscopy, heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
laser therapy
human papillomavirus infection, 326
tracheal stenosis, 94
Lassa hemorrhagic fever, 335
latex allergy, spina bifida cystica, 204
laudanosine, epileptic effects, 170
LEA see lumbar epidural analgesia (LEA)
lead, peripheral neuropathy, 223
lead palsy, 223
leflunomide, 407
left anterior fascicular blocks, 33
left bundle branch block (LBBB), 33
left cervicothoracic sympathectomy, 46, 47, 49
left uterine displacement, amniotic fluid embolism management, 88
left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), 8
leishmaniasis, 334–5
leprosy, 222
Leptospira infections, 330
leukemias, 301
anesthetic management, 302
cesarean section, 302
incidence, 301, 371
leukotriene modifiers, 78
leukotriene receptor antagonists, 78
levobupivacaine, 235
levodopa
Parkinson disease therapy, 171
side effects, 171
levothyroxine, 277
lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP), 348
lidocaine, 52
asthma, 79
cardiovascular effects, 2
epileptic effects, 170
pheochromocytoma, 284
premature ventricular depolarization, 34
Takayasu arteritis, 65
ventricular tachycardia, 39
life expectancy, transplantation, 381
ligamentous laxity
pubic pain, 231
rheumatoid arthritis, 408
limb girdle muscular dystrophy, 104, 105
linear IgA dermatosis, 348
lipid metabolism disorders, 104–8
lipomas, 196
Listeria monocytogenes infection, 322
transplant recipients, 389
lithium, 365
Ebstein anomaly, 365
peripheral neuropathy, 224
lithotomy position, peripheral neuropathy prevention, 225
Little People of America, 115
live birth rate
chronic renal failure, 259
renal disease, 259
livedo reticularis (LR), 352
liver biopsy, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 346
liver disease, 249–58, 272
see also specific diseases/disorders
liver function tests
hepatitis C, 250, 264
normal pregnancy, 249, 250, 254
liver–kidney transplants, 382
liver rupture, 249, 257
liver transplantation, 384–6
anesthetic management, 394–6
hepatolenticular degeneration, 256
hyperemesis gravidarum, 345, 385
pregnancy, 382
statistics, 382
liver tumors, 249, 255
lobular capillary hemangioma, 352–3
local anesthesia
fibromyalgia therapy, 233
post cesarean section pain therapy, 235
pubic pain therapy, 232
see also specific types
long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 254
long QT syndrome (LQTS), 29, 44–9
losartan, Marfan syndrome management, 66
Lou–Gehrig disease see amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
low birthweights, scoliosis, 136
low-dose local anesthetic, peripheral neuropathy prevention, 225
lower limb neuropathies see neuropathies, lower limb
low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)
American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5
deep vein thrombosis management, 84
dosage, 84
dosage, renal failure effects, 261
hypercoagulable states, 314
during pregnancy, 4
valvulotomy, 10
lumbar disc prolapse, 141
lumbar epidural analgesia (LEA)
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158
cystic fibrosis, 92
increased intracranial pressure, 176, 180
neurofibromatosis, 149
Noonan syndrome, 147
scoliosis, 140
Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 184
tuberous sclerosis, 151
lumbar puncture, infectious diseases, 335
lumbosacral plexus injury, 219–20
lung cancer, 377
lung diseases/disorders see under pulmonary; specific diseases
lung surfactant, 76
lung transplantation
cystic fibrosis therapy, 90
primary pulmonary hypertension therapy, 58
Lyell syndrome see toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome)
Lyme disease, 350
lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), 150, 151
lymphocytic hypophysitis, 282
lymphomas, 301
anesthetic management, 302
lyonization effects, factor VIII deficiency, 312
lysosomal storage disorders, 240–1
see also specific diseases/disorders
M1 antagonists, heart transplantation, 396
M2 antagonists, heart transplantation, 396
macroadenomas, 280
macrolide antibiotics, 334
magnesium
chronic depletion, 41
dysrhythmias, 41
magnesium sulfate
cardiovascular effects, 2
chronic spinal cord injury, 192
pheochromocytoma, 288–9
seizure disorders management, 168
spinal cord injury, 194
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
central nervous system disorders, 167
deep vein thrombosis diagnosis, 82
intracerebral hemorrhage diagnosis, 175
lumbar disc prolapse, 141
Marfan syndrome, 67
pheochromocytoma diagnosis, 284
pituitary gland disorders, 280
spina bifida occulta, 202
spinal cord tumors, 195
tethered cord syndrome, 206
major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II), pemphigoid of pregnancy, 347
malaria, 330–1
malar rash, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
malignancy, 371–9
myopathies, 110
neurofibromatosis type 1–18, 148–9
see also specific tumors/cancers
malignant hyperthermia, 240, 269–73
thyrotoxic crisis vs., 275
malignant melanoma, 352, 377
ABCDE markings, 351
anesthetic management, 352
incidence, 345, 351, 371
risk factors, 352
malpresentation
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160
scoliosis, 138
manic depressive illness, 364–8
management see specific drugs/medications
mannitol, intracranial pressure, 179
Marburg hemorrhagic fever, 335
Marfan syndrome (MFS), 65–9
aortic dissection, 13
Marshall–Smith syndrome, 126
mastocytosis, 343
cutaneous, 343, 353–9
signs and symptoms, 359
systemic, 359
diagnosis, 359
signs and symptoms, 343, 359
maternal Graves disease, thyroid disease in neonates, 277
maternal hydrops, 314–15
maternal mortality see mortality
maternal thrombocytopenia, Gaucher disease, 241
May–Hegglin anomaly, 293, 303, 305–6
cesarean section, 306
general anesthesia, 306
McArdle disease, 239, 240
MDMA toxicity, malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 271
mean cell volume (MCV), pregnancy, effects of, 294
measles see rubeola (measles)
measles, German see rubella (German measles)
measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, 327
mebendazole, 257
mechanical ventilation
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 216
pulmonary thromboembolism, 84
medical history
anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393
coma, 182
medicolegal implications, coma, 182
mefloquine, 331
melanoma, malignant see malignant melanoma
membrane disorders, hemolytic anemias, 296
membrane pemphigoid, 348
membranous nephropathy, 263
MEN see multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
meningiomas, 173
epidemiology, 375
spinal cord tumors see spinal cord tumors
meningitis, 335
meningocele, 202
mental retardation, cytomegalovirus infection, 325
meperidine
cardiovascular effects, 2
dosages, 232
renal failure effects, 261
epileptic effects, 170
porphyria therapy, 245
spinal cord injury, 194
meralgia paresthetica, 220, 235
mercury, peripheral neuropathy, 223
mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, 263
mesodermal spina bifida occulta, 202
metabolic abnormalities
hemolytic anemias, 296
see also specific diseases/disorders
metabolic acidosis, chronic renal failure, 259
metastases, 195
breast cancer, 372
methalaminopropionitrile, 223
methohexital
electroconvulsive therapy, 364, 368
epileptic effects, 169
methotrexate
rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407
trophoblastic disease therapy, 376
methyldopa
Conn syndrome management, 287
renal failure effects, 261
methyl-n-butyl ketone, 223
methylprednisolone
chronic asthma therapy, 78
postcesarean section pain, 235
status asthmaticus management, 79
metoclopramide, 230
familial dysautonomia, 217
malignant hyperthermia, 269, 271
porphyria, 245
renal failure effects, 261
metoprolol, dosages, 232
metronidazole, 224
metyrapone, 287
MHC class II, pemphigoid of pregnancy, 347
microangiopathic disorders, 303
midazolam
cardiovascular effects, 2
panic disorder management, 369
renal failure effects, 261
seizure disorders management, 168
Mieschers radial granulomas, 351
migraine, 229–31
milrinone, 11
mineralocorticoids, 285
minicore myopathies, 104
minimal change nephropathy, 263
minute ventilation (MV), 135
Mirror syndrome, 314
missile injuries, cerebral trauma, 181
mitochondrial disorders, 108
mitral insufficiency see mitral regurgitation/insufficiency
mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9, 10
mitral stenosis, 6–8
dysrhythmias, 40
mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 10–11, 40, 41
Marfan syndrome, 66
scoliosis, 133
mitral valve replacement, 10
mivacurium, 155
mixed valvular lesions, 9–10
Mobitz type I atrioventricular (AV) blocks, 32
Mobitz type II atrioventricular (AV) blocks, 32–3
modified radical mastectomy, 371
monitoring
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 21
thyrotoxic crisis, 276
monkeypox infection, 328
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), 367
type B
panic disorder therapy, 369
Parkinson disease therapy, 171
monoclonal antibodies, immunosuppressive drugs, 393
monomelic amyotrophy, 200
montelukast, 78
Morbiluncus infection, 322
morphine
cardiovascular effects, 2
HIV infection, 324–5
liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394
renal failure effects, 261
morphologic left ventricle, Fontan repair, 20
morphologic right ventricle, Fontan repair, 20
mortality
antiphospholipid syndrome, 419
cerebral trauma, 181
Eisenmenger syndrome, 21
malaria, 330, 331
maternal
heart disease, 3
pregnancy in kidney transplantation, 383
scoliosis, 135
sickle cell embolism, 89
sickling syndromes, 295
systemic lupus erythematosus, 411
tuberculosis, 331
motor neuron disorders, 200
mouth cancer therapy, 375
Moyamoya disease, 68–9
mucociliary dysfunction, scoliosis, 140
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, 334
mucolipidoses II, 241
mucus retention, cystic fibrosis, 89
multidisciplinary teams, heart disease, 4
multidrug chemotherapy, trophoblastic disease therapy, 377
multifocal atrial tachycardia, 35
multigenic inheritance, malignant hyperthermia, 269
multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)
pheochromocytoma, 283, 283
multiple lesions, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 61
multiple myeloma, 301
muscle cramps, McArdle disease, 240
muscle destruction, malignant hyperthermia, 269
muscle membrane excitability disorders see myopathies
muscle relaxants, heart transplantation, 396
muscle strength monitoring
inflammatory myopathies, 110, 122
myasthenia gravis, 155
muscle weakness
hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, 108, 119, 120
spinal muscular atrophy, 198
muscular dystrophies, 101, 105
echocardiography, 101, 115
inheritance, 101, 107, 115–28
see also specific diseases/disorders
musculoskeletal problems
end-stage renal disease, 383
osteogenesis imperfecta, 162
Mustard procedure, 21, 32
transposition of the great vessels, 40
mutations
Friedreich ataxia, 155
Gorlin disease, 145
hepatolenticular degeneration, 256
long QT syndrome, 44
Parkinson disease, 170
MVP see mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
myasthenia gravis (MG), 152–5
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection see tuberculosis
mycophenolate mofetil, 389, 393
myasthenia gravis therapy, 153
mycoplasma, Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
Mycoplasma hominis infection, 322
myelofibrosis, 301
myelography, central nervous system disorders, 167
myelography, tethered cord syndrome, 206
myelomeningocele, 202
spina bifida cystica, 203
myeloproliferative disorders, Philadelphia negative, 299–301
see also specific diseases/disorders
MYH9-related disease, 305–6
myocardial infarction, 14–15
myofascial trigger points, fibromyalgia therapy, 233
myopathies, 101–18
malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 270
muscle membrane excitability disorders, 108–10, 117
see also myotonia congenita
see also specific diseases/disorders
myositis ossificans progressiva, 110
cesarean section, 110, 123
ethane 1-hydroxy-1,1-disphosphate, 110, 122–3
myotonia
myopathies, 108, 117
paramyotonia congenita, 108, 119
myotonia atrophica see myotonic dystrophy
myotonia congenita, 108, 117–18
myotonic crisis see myotonic dystrophy
myotonic dystrophy, 101–2
anesthetic management, 103–4
clinical features, 101, 102, 116–17, 118
myotonic handshake, 101, 115–16
congenital, 102–3
genetic counseling, 103, 121–6
transmission, 102, 121
incidence, 101, 115–18
myotonic crisis, 103
neostigmine, 104, 117
prevention, 103
therapy, 103
obstetrical complications, 102
postpartum period, 104
pregnancy, 101–2
anesthesia, 103–4
cesarean section, 103, 116
combined spinal–epidural analgesia/anesthesia, 103, 116
deterioration, 101, 118–20
epidural anesthesia, 103, 125–6
general anesthesia, 104, 117
nifedipine, 102, 121
preeclampsia, 102, 121
premature labor, 102
preoperative investigations, 103, 122–5
spinal anesthesia, 103, 126
tocolytic therapy, 102, 121
uterine contractions, 102, 120–1
verapamil, 102, 121
type I, 101, 117, 118
type II, 101, 118
myotonic handshake, 101, 115–16
naproxen, dosages, 232
narrow-complex tachydysrhythmias, 34
narrow-QRS-complex tachycardias see supraventricular tachycardias (SVT)
National Comprehensive Cancer Network, breast cancer therapy guidelines, 372
National Transplantation Pregnancy Register (NTPR), 381, 392
NDMR, 157
nedocromil, 78
negative-pressure ventilation, scoliosis, 137
Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, 322, 389
dermatoses, 350
Nelson syndrome, 281
nemaline myopathies, 104, 122
neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), 309
neonates
acute cardiac decompensation, 141
human papillomavirus infection, 326
lesions, pemphigoid of pregnancy, 348
lupus, 411
malignant hyperthermia diagnosis, 269
myasthenia gravis monitoring, 153
phenylketonuria screening, 241
thyroid disease see thyroid disease
neonates thrombocytopenia, 304
neoplasms, central nervous system see central nervous system disorders
neostigmine
dosages, 154
renal failure effects, 261
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
myasthenia gravis, 154
myotonic crisis, 104, 117
porphyria, 245
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 281
nephrotoxicity, cyclosporine, 391
neural spina bifida occulta, 202
neuraxial anesthesia
achondroplasia, 120
atrial septal defects, 17
bacterial infections, 321
breast cancer, 372
dengue virus infection, 329
factor XI deficiency, 313
Friedreich ataxia, 157
heart disease, 5
lower limb neuropathies, 220
neurofibromatosis, 149
patent ductus arteriosus, 18
peripheral neuropathy, 225
spina bifida cystica, 204
thrombocytopenia, 299
thromboembolic disease, 85
neuroacoustic neuromas, 218
neurocutaneous disorders, 148–51
see also specific diseases/disorders
neuroectodermal syndromes, pheochromocytoma, 283
neurofibromatosis, 148–9, 218, 352
pheochromocytoma, 283
spinal involvement, 196
type 2, 217–18
neurolemmomas, 196
neuroleptic malignant syndrome, 364
malignant hyperthermia vs., 269
Parkinson disease, 172
thyrotoxic crisis vs., 275
neuroleptics, HIV infection, 324
neurological abnormalities
achondroplasia, 120
cyclosporine, 392
end-stage renal disease, 383
systemic lupus erythematosus, 410, 413
tacrolimus, 392
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308
tuberous sclerosis, 150
neuromuscular blocking agents
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 216
cyclosporine interactions, 392
hepatolenticular degeneration, 256
neuromuscular disease
acute porphyria, 244
neuropathic pain see pain, chronic
neuropathies
lower limb, 219–20
post cesarean section pain, 235
upper limb, 219
neurosurgery (during pregnancy), 179, 180–1
benign intracranial hypertension, 177–8
nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome see Gorlin disease
new acute dysrhythmias, 30
New York Heart Association (NYHA)
class I, 1
class II, 1
class III, 1
class IV, 1, 4
functional capacity, 3
objective assessment, 3
structural heart disease classification, 1
nifedipine
intravenous fluid management, 180
myotonic dystrophy, 102, 121
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
spinal cord injury, 194
nitric oxide
acute cardiac decompensation, 141
adult respiratory distress syndrome, 76, 93
nitrofurantoin, 224
nitroglycerin
cardiovascular effects, 2
intravenous fluid, 180
Marfan syndrome, 68
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
renal failure effects, 261
spinal cord injury, 194
Takayasu arteritis, 65
nitroprusside
intravenous fluid, 180
Marfan syndrome, 68
pheochromocytoma, 285
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
nitrous oxide
asthma, cesarean section, 80
cardiovascular effects, 2
cystic fibrosis, 91
heart transplantation, 396
Parkinson disease, 172
porphyria, 245
primary pulmonary hypertension, 59
Takayasu arteritis, 65
nonachondroplastic dwarfism, 102, 121
nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (NDMR)
malignant hyperthermia, 270, 271
myasthenia gravis, 155
nonHodgkin lymphoma, 301
noninvasive echocardiography, 32
noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring
achondroplasia, 122
heart disease, 6
nonparoxysmal atrial tachycardia, 35
nonpharmacologic intervention, Parkinson disease, 171
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
back pain therapy, 231
gender differences, 229
migraine therapy, 230
post cesarean section pain, 235
renal failure effects, 261
rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 407, 410
systemic lupus erythematosus therapy, 412
thrombocytopenia, 303
nonstructural scoliosis, 129
Noonan syndrome, 145–8
norepinephrine
acute cardiac decompensation, 141
malignant hyperthermia, 269, 270
normochromic normocytic anemia, chronic renal failure, 259
5′ nucleotidase, pregnancy, effects of, 250
nutritional status, cystic fibrosis, 91
obliterative bronchiolitis, heart–lung transplantation, 388
obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome, heart–lung transplantation, 388
obstetric cholestasis see intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
obstetric management see specific diseases/disorders
obstetric palsies, 219
obstructive sleep apnea, 135
obstructive ventilatory patters, Parkinson disease, 172
obturator nerve palsy, 220
occlusive thromboarteropathy see Takayasu arteritis
OKT3, 345, 389, 393
ondansetron therapy, 347
1226G (N370S) mutation, 241
opioids
asthma labor/delivery, 80
cyclosporine interactions, 392
epileptic effects, 169
fibromyalgia therapy, 233, 234
gender differences, 229
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
HIV infection, 324
intrathecal
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 12
pulmonary artery aneurysm, 63
myasthenia gravis, 155
Parkinson disease, 172
peripheral neuropathy prevention, 225
porphyria therapy, 245
scoliosis labor analgesia, 140
Takayasu arteritis, 65
oral ulcers, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
orthodromic AV reentrant tachycardia, 43
orthopnea, normal pregnancy, 1
orthostatic hypertension, heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
orthostatic syncope, normal pregnancy, 1
Ortner syndrome, 57
Osler–Weber–Rendu disease see hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
Osserman classification, myasthenia gravis, 152
osteogenesis imperfecta, 161–3
clinical features, 147
malignant hyperthermia vs., 269, 271
osteoporosis
liver transplantation, 386
prednisone, 389
osteoporosis of pregnancy, 129, 141–2
ovarian cancer, 373–4
incidence, 371
overlap syndrome, inflammatory myopathies, 110, 121–2
oxycodone, renal failure effects, 261
oxygen
amniotic fluid embolism management, 88
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 53
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
heart–lung transplantation, 388
malignant hyperthermia, 269
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 14, 15
pneumothorax, 93
scoliosis, 137
status asthmaticus management, 79
oxytocin
asthma cesarean section, 80
bacterial infections, 321
cardiovascular effects, 2
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
in heart disease, 6
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
Takayasu arteritis, 65
pacemakers, 49
anesthetic management, 49, 51
assessment, 50
long QT syndrome therapy, 46
in pregnancy, 47, 49
second degree atrioventricular blocks, 49
tachydysrhythmias, 49
third degree atrioventricular blocks, 33, 49
padding, hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies management, 217
pain
acute, 229
chronic, 229–38
definition, 229
classification, 229
definition, 229
drug dosages, 232
gender differences, 229
estrogen, 229
progesterone, 229
somatic sensitivity, 229
tethered cord syndrome, 206
paired tender points, fibromyalgia, 233
pancreas
endocrine diseases of, 278–80
see also specific diseases/disorders
pancreas–kidney transplantation, 381–4
anesthetic management, 394
diabetes mellitus type 1, 384
pregnancy
considerations, 382
rejection, 384
statistics, 382
see also kidney transplantation
pancreatitis, 249, 258
chronic hereditary, 197
pancuronium
cardiovascular effects, 2
renal failure effects, 261
pandemics, influenza, 327
panhypopituitarism, 282
anesthetic management, 282
panic disorder, 368–9
Papanicolaou (Pap) screening, 373
paracervical block, 80
paracetamol see acetaminophen
paradoxical air embolism, 85, 86
paramyotonia congenita, 108
myotonia, 108, 119
tocainide therapy, 108, 118
parathyroid adenoma, 288
parathyroid glands, 288–89
parathyroid hormone (PTH), 288
parenteral opioid analgesia, cystic fibrosis, 91
parenteral opioids, epilepsy, 170
Parkinson disease, 170–2
paroxetine, side effects, 366, 367
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), 297–9
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), 34–6
parvovirus B19 infection, 327
dermatoses, 354
ultrasonography, 327
patent ductus arteriosus, 18
patent foramen ovale (PFO), 16
patient anxiety, thyrotoxic crisis, 276
patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
spinal cord injury, 194
thrombocytopenia, 299
patient education, fibromyalgia therapy, 233
patient transfer/positioning
epidermolysis bullosa, 350
osteogenesis imperfecta, 163
peliosis hepatitis, 249, 257
pelvis
achondroplasia, 120
chronic spinal cord injury, 192
scoliosis, 138
spina bifida cystica, 204
pemphigoid of pregnancy, 347–9
anesthetic management, 348, 349–50
differential diagnosis, 345, 347, 393
immunopathology, 348
incidence, 347
lesions in neonates, 348
MHC class II expression, 347
pathogenesis, 347
signs and symptoms, 347
pemphigus vulgaris, 357
penicillamine, 407, 408
penicillins, renal failure effects, 261
pentoxyfylline, 11
percutaneous coronary angioplasty, 14, 15
perhexiline, 224
pericarditis, 40
perimembranous (PM) ventricular septal defects, 17
perinatal morbidity, aplastic anemia, 298
perinatal mortality
aplastic anemia, 298
myasthenia gravis, 153
peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), 11–12
dysrhythmias, 40
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 14–15
peripartum monitoring, heart disease, 6
peripartum psychoses, schizophrenia, 364
peripheral edema, normal pregnancy, 2
peripheral neuropathy, 202, 215–27, 368
restrictive respiratory insufficiency, 224
peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis (PPAS), 62–3
peroneal muscular atrophy see Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
peroneal neuropathy, 220
personality disorders, 363
Pertussis infections, 322
pharyngeal aspiration, Parkinson disease, 172
phenelzine
case reports, 367
panic disorder management, 369
phenobarbital, thyroid disease effects, 277
phenothiazines
acquired long QT syndrome, 46
porphyria therapy, 245
renal failure effects, 261
schizophrenia management, 363
phenoxybenzamine, 284, 284
phentolamine
pheochromocytoma, 285
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
spinal cord injury, 194
phenylephrine
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13
intravenous fluid management, 180
Marfan syndrome, 67
mitral stenosis, 7
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
spinal cord injury, 194
phenylketonuria (PKU), 240, 241
phenytoin
anesthetic interactions, 169
breast milk, secretion in, 169
peripheral neuropathy, 224
side effects, 170
thyroid disease effects, 277
pheochromocytomas, 283–5
neurofibromatosis, 149
sickling syndromes, 296
von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, 151
thyrotoxic crisis vs., 275
Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative disease see myeloproliferative disorders, Philadelphia negative
phlebotomy, polycythemia vera, 301
phosphates, hyperparathyroidism, 288
photosensitivity, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
physical examination
anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253
tachydysrhythmias, 36
physical fitness, back pain therapy, 231
pituitary gland disorders, 280–2
pituitary tumors, 173
see also specific tumors
placental transfer, antidysrhythmic drugs, 51
plague see Yersinia infections
plasmapheresis
Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 306
myasthenia gravis therapy, 152, 153, 154, 155
Plasmodium infections see malaria
platelet function analyzer, 293
platelets
clumping, 2, 305
counts
idiopathic/immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 304
pregnancy, changes during, 294, 303, 384
thrombocythemia, 300
Gaucher disease, 241
inhibitors, 5
transfusions, bone marrow failure syndromes, 299
platelet storage pool deficiency (SPD), 303, 306–7
α-granules see grey platelet syndrome (αSPD)
plumboporphyria, 242
pneumonic plague, 333
pneumothorax, 92–4
tube thoracostomy, 4
secondary, 93
poliomyelitis prevention, scoliosis, 130
polyarteritis nodosa, 414–15
dermatoses, 357
polycythemia, scoliosis, 137
polycythemia vera (PV), 300–2
polyhydramnios, renal replacement therapy, 264
polymorphic dermatitis of pregnancy see polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP), 3, 345–6
differential diagnosis, 385
Pompe disease, 239, 240
porphyria, 242–5
population based study, 16
peripheral neuropathy, 221
see also specific diseases
porphyria cutanea tarda, 348
porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), 242
obstetric implications, 239, 242
porphyrin metabolism, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 257
portal hypertension, 249, 255
liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394
positioning, rheumatoid arthritis, 409
positive pressure ventilation, adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75–6
positron emission tomography, Parkinson disease diagnosis, 171
post cesarean section pain, 234–5
postoperative analgesia see analgesia
postoperative shivering, Parkinson disease, 172
postpartum hemorrhage, Bernard–Soulier syndrome, 305
postpartum monitoring, heart transplantation, 397
postpartum neuropathy, incidence, 219
postpartum pain, 234
post polio syndrome, 201, 202
post subarachnoid hemorrhage, coma, 182
post transpulmonic valve annular patch repair, 19
postural drainage, cystic fibrosis therapy, 90
postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), 53
posture, intracranial pressure, 179
potassium, dysrhythmias, 41
potassium aggravated myotonia, 108
potassium iodide, 275, 276
PPCM see peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM)
praziquantel therapy, 332
preconception counseling, psychiatric disorders, 363
precordial Doppler monitoring, venous air embolism diagnosis, 85, 86
prednisolone
chronic asthma therapy, 78
status asthmaticus management, 79
prednisone, 389–90, 395
chronic asthma therapy, 78
migraine therapy, 230
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
rheumatoid arthritis therapy, 410
status asthmaticus management, 79
preeclampsia
coarctation of the aorta, 20
Friedreich ataxia, 156
intracerebral hemorrhage, 175
myotonic dystrophy, 102, 121
pregnancy in kidney transplantation, 49
trophoblastic disease, 377
preexcitation syndromes, 41–4
pathophysiology, 41–3
preexisting dysrhythmias, 30
pregabalin, 235
pregnancy, normal, 1–3, 4, 13–14, 30
cardiac changes
cardiac output, 30
coarctation of the aorta, 19
heart rate see heart rate
heart rhythm, 30
chest pain, 1
electrocardiography, 14, 29, 30
exercise stress electrocardiography, 14
hematological indices, 293, 294
hematological testing, 293
kidneys, changes in, 258
liver, effects on, 249, 250, 254–5, 384
orthopnea, 1
orthostatic syncope, 1
peripheral edema, 2
pseudo-cardiomegaly, 2
rales, 2
skin, changes in, 343, 345
vascular disease, 57
pregnancy complications, dwarfism, 108, 117
pregnancy-induced hemolytic anemias, 297
pregnancy-induced intercostal neuralgia, 235
preload changes, heart transplantation, 396
preload control, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 12
preload maintenance, 6
premature atrial beats, 29
premature atrial depolarizations (PAD), 29, 34
premature birth/labor
bacterial infections, 321
Chlamydia psittaci infection, 334
chronic spinal cord injury, 192
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160
myotonic dystrophy, 102
neurosurgery, 180
renal replacement therapy, 264
scoliosis, 136
spinal cord injury, 193
transplantation, 388
premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), 147
premature ventricular depolarizations (PVD), 29, 34
prenylamine, acquired long QT syndrome, 46
preoperative consultation, dwarfism, 108, 117
prepregnancy hypertension, transplantation, 381
pressors, primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
primaquine, malaria therapy, 331
primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 251
incidence, 258
primary lateral sclerosis, 200
primary pulmonary hypertension, 57–9
primary red cell aplasia (PRCA), 298
primary sclerosing cholangitis, 249, 258
primidone, 169
primum atrial septal defects, 16
procainamide, 52
acquired long QT syndrome, 46
atrial fibrillation therapy, 38
atrial flutter therapy, 37
premature ventricular depolarization management, 34
ventricular tachycardia therapy, 39
progesterone, pain, 229
Prograf see tacrolimus
progressive bulbar palsy, 200
progressive muscular atrophy, 200
prokinetics, familial dysautonomia, 217
prolactin, osteoporosis of pregnancy, 141
prolactinoma, 280–1
propafenone, 38
propanolol, 52
dosages, 232
pheochromocytoma, 285
thyrotoxic crisis management, 275, 276
propofol
asthma, 79
bacterial infections, 323
cardiovascular effects, 2
cyclosporine interactions, 392
epileptic effects, 170
HIV infection, 324
myasthenia gravis, 155
pharmacokinetics, 395
renal failure effects, 261
propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS), 108
proportionate dwarfism see dwarfism
propylthiouracil, 275
prostacyclin, primary pulmonary hypertension therapy, 58
prostaglandin(s), pulmonary artery pressure management, 7
prostaglandin E2, asthma cesarean section, 80
prostaglandin F2-alpha
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
in heart disease, 6
heart transplantation, 396
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
Takayasu arteritis, 65
prosthetic heart valves
hemolytic anemias, 297
see also valvulotomy
protamine
deep vein thrombosis management, 84
thromboembolic disease, 85
protein C
deficiency, 314
pregnancy, effects of, 294
protein S
deficiency, 314
pregnancy, effects of, 294
proteins, serum, pregnancy, effects of, 384
proteinuria, normal pregnancy, 258
protein Z deficiency, 314
Proteus syndrome, 352
prothrombin deficiency see factor II deficiency
prothrombin time, pregnancy, effects of, 293, 384
proton pump inhibitors, 252
pruritic diseases see dermatoses
pruritic folliculitis, 345, 405–22
pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy see polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
pruritus gravidarum, 344–5
differential diagnosis, 351
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253, 345
pseudoachondroplasia, 102, 120–1
pseudo-cardiomegaly, 2
pseudohypoaldosteronism, 286–8
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, 89
pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), 309
psittacosis see Chlamydia psittaci infection (psittacosis)
psychiatric disorders, 363–70
pubic pain, 231–2
pudendal block, 80
pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM), 59–63
see also hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)
pulmonary artery aneurysm, 63
pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)
mitral stenosis, 7
primary pulmonary hypertension, 57
venous air embolism diagnosis, 86
pulmonary aspiration, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 53
pulmonary blood flow, atrial septal defect management, 17
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), 58
pulmonary diseases/disorders
cirrhosis, 385
liver transplantation, 386
systemic lupus erythematosus, 413
pulmonary edema
amniotic fluid embolism, 87, 88
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 36
pulmonary embolism, 80–9
signs and symptoms, 82
pulmonary function
cystic fibrosis cesarean section, 92
heart–lung transplantation see heart–lung transplantation
pulmonary hypertension, 21
adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75
cardiac output, 134
definition, 134
electrocardiography, 58
etiology, 21
management, 22, 138
inhaled nitric oxide, 22
primary see primary pulmonary hypertension
pulmonary vascular resistance, 134
scoliosis, 133–4, 138
symptoms, 21
see also Eisenmenger syndrome (ES)
pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 93, 95
pulmonary stenosis, 145
pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), 81–4
pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
affecting factors, 7
mitral stenosis, 7
pulmonary hypertension, 134
scoliosis, 133
pulmonary vasculature, scoliosis, 132, 133
pulmonary venous pressure, mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9
pulse oximetry
spinal cord injury, 194
Takayasu arteritis, 64
pustular psoriasis of pregnancy, 348, 349–50
signs and symptoms, 4
PVD see premature ventricular depolarizations (PVD)
PVST, 35
pyelonephritis, acute, 260
pyogenic granuloma see lobular capillary hemangioma
pyrazinamide, tuberculosis therapy, 332
pyrexia, McArdle disease, 240
pyridostigmine, dosages, 154
pyridoxine, peripheral neuropathy, 224
Q fever, 335
QRS axis, heart rate, 29
QRS complex, 34
QT interval, 45
quinidine, 52
acquired long QT syndrome, 46
atrial fibrillation therapy, 38
atrial flutter therapy, 37
premature ventricular depolarization management, 34
quinine, 331
quinine gluconate, 331
radial nerve palsy, 219, 221
radical hysterectomy, 373
radiofrequency ablation, 43
radiography, 235
cardiac conduction disorders, 31
pheochromocytoma, 284
scoliosis, 138
tethered cord syndrome, 206
radiotherapy
breast cancer, 371
central nervous system tumor, 375
rales, 2
randomized controlled studies, 1
ranitidine
Parkinson disease, 172
porphyria, 245
renal failure effects, 261
Rapamune, 393
rapamycin, 393
rash, 110, 120, 121
Rastelli procedure, 21, 32
Raynaud phenomenon, 416, 419
rebleeding, subarachnoid hemorrhage, 174
“rebound immunoresponsiveness,” 390
recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), 84
red blood cell mass, 294
red blood cells
abnormalities, 293–7
see also specific diseases/disorders
enzyme deficiencies, 297
transfusions, sickling syndromes, 295
reflux nephropathy, 249, 261
Refsum disease, 216
regional anesthesia
achondroplasia see achondroplasia
acute porphyria, 245
adult respiratory distress syndrome, 77
anemias, 294
anterior spinal artery syndrome, 209
antiphospholipid syndrome, 419
aortic dissection, 13–14
aortic stenosis, 8
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158
asthma cesarean section, 78, 80
atrial septal defects, 17
benign intracranial hypertension, 178
blood vessel wall coagulation disorders, 306, 308, 309–10
coagulation disorders, 303
Cushing syndrome, 287
cyclosporine, 392
cystic fibrosis, 91, 92
diabetes mellitus, 280
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome see Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS)
epilepsy, 170
gestational thrombocytopenia, 304
Gorlin disease, 145
Guillain–Barré syndrome, 218
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 397
hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome, 307
herpes simplex virus infection, 325
hydrocephalus with shunt, 178
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, 13
hypoparathyroidism, 289
hypothyroidism, 277
idiopathic/immune thrombocytopenic purpura, 304
intracerebral hemorrhage, 176
liver disease emergencies, 257
malignant bone marrow disorders, 302
mitral valve prolapse, 10–11
Moyamoya disease, 69
myasthenia gravis see myasthenia gravis (MG)
neurofibromatosis see neurofibromatosis
Noonan syndrome see Noonan syndrome
osteogenesis imperfecta, 163
Parkinson disease see Parkinson disease
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 299
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
pheochromocytoma, 284
pneumothorax, 93
polycythemia vera, 302
porphyria, 245
renal disease, 260
rheumatoid arthritis, 410
schizophrenia, 364
scoliosis, 140
sickling syndromes, 296
spina bifida cystica, 204
spina bifida occulta, 203
spinal cord injury see spinal cord injury
spinal cord tumors see spinal cord tumors
spinal muscular atrophy, 198
Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 183, 184
syringomyelia, 205
tethered cord syndrome, 207
thrombocytopenia, 299
thromboembolic disease see thromboembolic disease
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308
thyrotoxic crisis, 276
Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 334
valvulotomy, 10
viral hepatitis, 252
von Willebrand disease, 314
see also specific types
regional hyperplasia, congenital see congenital regional hyperplasia
regurgitant valvular lesions, 9
rejection
kidney transplantation, 382
pregnancy, 382–3
liver transplantation, 385
relaxation training, migraine therapy, 230
remifentanil
aortic stenosis, 8
mitral stenosis, 8
renal failure effects, 261
renal calculi, 249, 261
renal disease/disorders, 249, 258–65
hemolytic uremic syndrome, 308
systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
tuberous sclerosis, 151
see also specific diseases/disorders
renal diseases/disorders, cirrhosis, 385
renal failure
acute, 249, 259
chronic, 249, 250, 258–9, 261
renal insufficiency, transplantation, 381
renal replacement therapy (dialysis), 250, 264
renal tubular acidosis, 250, 264
resection, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 61
residual volume (RV), scoliosis, 132
respiratory alkalosis, 77
respiratory diseases/disorders, 68, 75–99
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158
familial dysautonomia, 217
scoliosis see scoliosis
see also specific diseases/disorders
respiratory failure, acute, 201
respiratory function
end-stage renal disease, 383
Pompe disease, 239
scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 135
spina bifida cystica, 204
respiratory muscles, scoliosis, 134
respiratory support
adult respiratory distress syndrome see adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, 94
restrictive respiratory insufficiency, peripheral neuropathy see peripheral neuropathy
revascularization surgery, Moyamoya disease management, 69
rheumatic heart disease, 1
rheumatoid arthritis, 345, 405–10, 416–17
cricoarytenoid joint, 43
temporomandibular joint, 31
clinical features, 416
rifampicin, 332
right anterior fascicular blocks, 33
right atrium contraction, atrial septal defect management, 16–17
right bundle branch block (RBBB), 33
right ventricle (RV)
dilatation, primary pulmonary hypertension, 57
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
hypertrophy, primary pulmonary hypertension, 57
preload
atrial septal defect, 17
tetralogy of Fallot, 19
right ventricle (RV), outflow tract dysrhythmias, 29
Riley–Day syndrome see familial dysautonomia
risk factors
antiphospholipid syndrome, 419
scoliosis, 136
ritodrine, 79
rocuronium
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255
cardiovascular effects, 2
liver disease emergencies, 258
malignant hyperthermia, 255
McArdle disease, 239
porphyria, 245
renal failure effects, 261
Romano–Ward syndrome, 44, 45–6
ropivacaine, 13
Ross procedure, 21, 32
rotatory component, scoliosis, 131
rubella (German measles), 327
dermatoses, 355
transplant recipients, 389
rubeola (measles), 326–7
dermatoses, 353, 355
RyR1 gene, 269
salmeterol, 78
salt restriction, carpal tunnel syndrome therapy, 232
sarcoidosis, peripheral neuropathy, 222
sarcomas, 195
scalp electrode, epilepsy, 169
schistosomiasis, 332, 333
schizophrenia, 363–4
Schönlein–Henoch purpura, 309
Schwachmann–Diamond syndrome (SD), 298
schwannomas, 196
sciatic neuropathy, 220
scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), 357, 405, 415–19
scoliosis, 117, 129–41
antepartum assessment, 136–7, 138
associated conditions, 142
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 158
spina bifida cystica, 203
peripheral neuropathy see peripheral neuropathy
pregnancy interactions, 134–6
pregnancy outcomes, 135–6, 137
respiratory pathophysiology, 132–3, 134, 135, 139
Sebastian syndrome, 293, 305
secondary diabetes insipidus, 281
secondary factor VII deficiency, 325
secondary Parkinson disease, 171
secondary pneumothorax, 76, 93
second degree atrioventricular (AV) blocks see atrioventricular (AV) blocks
secundum atrial septal defects, 16
sedatives
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308
seizure disorders, 167–8
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 366–9
selegiline, 172
Senning procedure, 21, 32
transposition of the great vessels, 40
sepsis
adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75
bacterial infections, 321, 322, 323
differential diagnosis
malignant hyperthermia vs., 269
thyrotoxic crisis vs., 275
septal defects
atrial see atrial septal defects
ventricular see ventricular septal defects (VSDs)
serositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, 410
serotonin, 366
sertraline, 366
serum proteins, pregnancy, effects of, 384
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), 328
severe postpartum hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary bypass, 14
severity index, aortic stenosis, 8
sevoflurane
asthma, 79
cardiovascular effects, 2
Sheehan syndrome, 282
shivering, McArdle disease, 240
short stature
peripheral neuropathy see peripheral neuropathy
spina bifida cystica, 204
see also dwarfism
shunt-controlled hydrocephalus, spina bifida cystica, 204
shunt lesions see congenital heart disease (CHD)
shunts, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, 60
Shy–Drager syndrome, 217
sickle cell embolism, 89
sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS), 89
sickling syndromes, 1, 295–6
sick sinus syndrome (SSS), 32
sideroblastic anemia, 298–9
sildenafil, 22
single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), Parkinson disease diagnosis, 171
single-shot spinal anesthesia
achondroplasia, 123–4
cystic fibrosis, 92
dwarfism, 117
sinus bradycardia, 21, 32
sinus node dysrhythmias, 21, 30, 32
sinus rhythm
aortic stenosis, 8
mitral stenosis, 7
tetralogy of Fallot, 19
sinus tachycardia, 21, 32
sinus venosus, 16
syphilis, 322
sirolimus, 389, 393
Sjögren syndrome, 409
skeletal diseases/disorders, 145–66
fat emboli, 88
Gaucher disease, 241
see also specific diseases/disorders
skeletal muscle, hypothyroidism, 277
skin
anatomy, 343, 359
diseases see dermatoses; specific diseases/disorders
functions of, 343
anesthesia, effects of, 344
surgery effects, 344
integrity during anesthesia, 343
ischemia avoidance, 343
preparation of, 344
skin-derived antileukoproteinase (SKALP), 349
Sneddon syndrome, 352
sodium channel disorders, 108
sodium intake, peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
sodium iodide, thyrotoxic crisis management, 275, 276
sodium nitroprusside
pheochromocytoma, 285
spinal cord injury, 193
sodium thiopental
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
pheochromocytoma, 284
sodium/water retention, chronic renal failure, 259
sotalol
acquired long QT syndrome, 46
atrial fibrillation therapy, 38
preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43
spherocytosis, hereditary see hereditary spherocytosis
spina bifida cystica, 202, 203–4
epidural anesthesia, 185
spina bifida occulta, 202–3
ectodermal origin, 215–27
spinal anesthesia
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255
Arnold Chiari malformation, 185
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 159
continuous see continuous spinal analgesia/anesthesia
diabetic neuropathy, 221
Friedreich ataxia, 157
Gaucher disease, 241
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 397
herpes simplex virus infection, 325
myotonia congenita, 108, 117
myotonic dystrophy, 103, 126
osteogenesis imperfecta, 162
primary pulmonary hypertension, 59
scleroderma, 418
single-shot see single-shot spinal anesthesia
spina bifida cystica, 204
Takayasu arteritis, 65
tethered cord syndrome, 207
varicella zoster virus infection, 326
spinal canal narrowing, achondroplasia, 108, 119–20
spinal cord anatomy, 208
spinal cord disorders, 191–214
degenerative diseases, 197–202
vascular malformations, 195
see also specific diseases/disorders
spinal cord injury, 191–5
spinal cord injury, acute, 191
spinal cord injury, chronic, 191–5
spinal cord ischemia, 177
spinal cord tumors, 195–7
anesthetic management, 197
arteriovenous malformations, 196
astrocytomas, 195
benign tumors, 196
differential diagnosis, 195
ependymoblastomas, 195
hemangiomas, 197
magnetic resonance imaging, 195
meningiomas, 195
metastases, 195
presenting symptoms, 195
regional anesthesia, 197
sarcomas, 195
vascular tumors, 196
spinal deformities
neurofibromatosis, 218
scoliosis–pregnancy interactions, 134
spina bifida cystica, 203
spinal diseases/disorders, achondroplasia, 108, 119, 120
spinal dysraphism, 202–7
spinal–epidural technique (CSE) see combined spinal–epidural analgesia/anesthesia (CSE)
spinal hematoma, 176
spinal immobilization, acute spinal cord injury, 191
spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), 134, 137, 197–8, 200
spinal segments, 221
spinal shock, 185
cardiovascular effects, 191
therapy, 191
spinal tumors, 173
spinocerebellar ataxia see Friedreich ataxia
spiral computed tomography see computed tomography (CT)
splenectomy, hereditary spherocytosis, 297
splenic artery aneurysm, 70
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 102, 121, 124, 125, 126
spondylolisthesis, 129, 142
spondylolysis, 129, 142
spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, 102, 121
spontaneous abortion
scleroderma, 417
transplantation, 388
Stanford type A aortic dissection, 67
Stanford type B aortic dissection, 67
Staphylococcus aureus infections, spinal meningitis, post lumbar puncture, 335
Staphylococcus infections, 322
starvation ketosis, 279
status asthmaticus, 79
status epilepticus, 167, 168
Steinert myopathy see myotonic dystrophy
step therapy, chronic asthma management, 78
steroids
acute spinal cord injury, 191
congenital regional hyperplasia, 288
hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome, 307
status asthmaticus management, 79
see also specific types
Stevens–Johnson syndrome, 348, 350–1
sticky platelet syndrome (SPS), 308–9
stiff-joint syndrome (diabetic scleroderma), 279
Stokes–Adams attacks, 33
stomatocytosis, hereditary, 297
Streptococcus infections, 322
dermatoses, 350
streptokinase
American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5
pulmonary thromboembolism, 84
stress management, migraine therapy, 230
striae gravidarum, 345
stroke, 174
essential thrombocytopenia, 300
structural heart disease see heart disease, structural
structural scoliosis, 129, 132
ST segment depression, 29
ST-T changes, 29
Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 183–4
pheochromocytoma, 283
subarachnoid block (SAB)
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 161
Friedreich ataxia, 157
Noonan syndrome, 147
subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), 174–5, 179
subclinical hyperthyroidism, 275
subdural hematoma, 181
subepidermal bullous dermatoses, 348
substance abuse, 14, 15
succinylcholine
acute fatty liver of pregnancy, 255
bacterial infections, 321
cardiovascular effects, 2
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, 216
electroconvulsive therapy, 364, 368
kidney transplantation, 394
liver disease emergencies, 258
in muscle disease, 104, 116–17
neurosurgery, 180
pheochromocytoma, 285
porphyria, 245
renal failure effects, 261
spinal cord injury, 194
suction curettage, 376
sufentanil, 284
sulfasalazine, 407, 408
sumatriptan, dosages, 232
supportive therapy
aplastic anemia, 297
pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 95
supraventricular dysrhythmias, 37
supraventricular tachycardias (SVT), 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 77
surgery
Cushing syndrome, 286, 287
Marfan syndrome, 68
ovarian cancer therapy, 374
Parkinson disease, 171
pheochromocytoma, 284
thyrotoxic crisis, 275
SVR see systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
SVT see supraventricular tachycardias (SVT)
Sweet syndrome, 349, 351
swimmer's itch, 332
symphysis pubis widening, pubic pain, 232
syncope
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 36
primary pulmonary hypertension, 57
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), 282
syntocinon, renal failure effects, 261
syringomyelia, 204–6
Arnold Chiari malformation, 184–5
systemic arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), 57
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 410–14
dermatoses, 358
immunopathology, 348
pregnancy, effects of, 389
Sneddon syndrome, 352
systemic mastocytosis see mastocytosis
systemic sclerosis see scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)
systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
aortic stenosis, 8
atrial septal defect management, 17
heart transplantation, 396
liver transplantation, 386
mitral regurgitation/insufficiency, 9
mitral stenosis, 7
postpartum normalization, 1
pregnancy in heart transplantation, 387
tetralogy of Fallot, 19
tachycardia
malignant hyperthermia, 271
ventricular see ventricular tachycardia
wide-complex, 38–9
see also specific diseases/disorders
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, 35
tachydysrhythmias, 29, 34, 36
diltiazem, 49–52
pacemakers, 49
see also specific types
tacrolimus, 322, 389, 392–3, 395
Takayasu arteritis, 64–8
tarda variant, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, 121
Tauri disease, 240
TEE see transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)
TEG see thromboelastography (TEG)
temporomandibular joint, rheumatoid arthritis, 31, 409
teratogenesis
antidysrhythmic drugs, 51
fluoxetine, 366
haloperidol, 363
monoamine oxidase inhibitors, 367
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 366
terbutaline
acute asthma management, 79
cardiovascular effects, 2
status asthmaticus management, 79
tethered cord syndrome, 203, 206–7
tetracycline, 333
tetralogy of Fallot, 18–19
surgical history, 39–40
thalassemias, 294–5
thallium, peripheral neuropathy, 223
theophylline
chronic asthma management, 78, 80
status asthmaticus management, 79
thermal biofeedback, 230
thiopental
asthma, 79
cardiovascular effects, 2
electroconvulsive therapy, 368
malignant hyperthermia, 269, 270, 271
myasthenia gravis, 155
renal failure effects, 261
thioridazine, 363
third degree atrioventricular (AV) blocks see atrioventricular (AV) blocks
Thomsen disease see myotonia congenita
thoracolumbar scoliosis, 133
thoracotomy with tube resection, 93, 95
thrombi, 60
thrombocythemia, 300
thrombocytopenia, 303–5
hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome, 307
heparin, 4
maternal Gaucher disease, 241
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 298
regional anesthesia, 299
spinal hematoma, 176
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, 308
von Willebrand disease, 311
see also specific diseases/disorders
thromboelastography (TEG)
essential thrombocytopenia, 302
hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome, 307
normal pregnancy, 293
thromboembolic disease, 81–5
arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 157
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
see also deep vein thrombosis (DVT); pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE)
thrombolytic therapy
American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
during pregnancy, 4
pulmonary thromboembolism, 84
thromboprophylaxis, essential thrombocytopenia, 302
thrombotic microangiopathy, 2, 307–8
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), 307, 308, 309–10
thymectomy, 152, 153, 154
thyroid cancer, incidence, 375
thyroid disease, 275–7
see also hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism
thyroidectomy, 375
thyroid nodules, 375
thyroid replacement therapy, 277
thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), 277
thyroid storm see thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)
thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm), 275–6
thyrotoxicosis, trophoblastic disease, 377
ticlopidine, American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5
tinzaparin, 84
tirofiban, 5
tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), 177
tizanidine, 234
tobramycin, 90
tocainide, 108, 118
tocolytic therapy
anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 393
myotonic dystrophy, 102, 121
tongue cancer, 375
TORCH acronym, viral infections, 323
Torsade de Pointes, 45
total lung capacity (TLC), scoliosis, 132
tourniquets
McArdle disease, 240
osteogenesis imperfecta, 163
toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome), 350–1
immunopathology, 348
toxoplasmosis, 334
tracheal resection with reconstruction, 94
tracheal stenosis, 94
tramadol
fibromyalgia therapy, 234
renal failure effects, 261
transaminases, 253
transcatheter spring coil embolization, 61
transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), 32
heart–lung transplantation anesthetic management, 396
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
Marfan syndrome, 67
venous air embolism diagnosis, 86
transferrin, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257
transforming growth factor-beta, Marfan syndrome, 66
transfusions, 293, 305
acute fatty liver of pregnancy management, 254
anemias, 294
anesthetic management in transplant recipients, 394
transient ischemic attacks, essential thrombocytopenia, 300
transplantation, 381–403
see also immunosuppressive drugs; specific transplants
transposition of the great vessels, 20, 40
Senning procedure, 40
transverse myelitis, 202
Trendelenburg position, mitral stenosis, 7
Treponema pallidum infection, 322
tricuspid atresia, 40
tricuspid valve reconstruction, Ebstein anomaly, 39
tricyclic antidepressants, 365–6
acquired long QT syndrome, 46
epileptic effects, 169
fibromyalgia therapy, 233
mechanism of action, 365, 367
panic disorder therapy, 369
trigeminal (V) cranial nerve lesions, 219
triglycerides (serum), pregnancy, effects of, 249, 250, 257–8, 384
trophoblastic disease, 376–7
tropical diseases, 323–8
see also specific diseases/disorders
truncus arteriosus, 20
Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 333–4
TSH-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TNII), 277
TTP see thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
tuberculosis, 331–2
tuberous sclerosis, 149–51, 250, 263
pheochromocytoma, 283
tube thoracostomy, 4, 93
tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)
adult respiratory distress syndrome, 75
inhibiting agents, dermatoses, 43–4
tumors see malignancy; specific tumors
Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome vs., 145
T wave, heart rate, 29
12-lead electrocardiography, 36
two-dimensional echocardiography, 32
typhoid fever, 334
ultrasonography, parvovirus B19 infection, 327
“unilateral blown pupil,” 179
unipolar depression see manic depressive illness
unipolar mania see manic depressive illness
unroofed coronary sinus, 16
upper airway examination, 62
upper airway obstruction, 110, 120
upper airway resistance, 135
upper limb neuropathies see neuropathies
Ureaplasma urealyticum infection, 322
urinary metanephrines, 283
urinary tract infections, 249, 260–1
chronic spinal cord injury, 192
urokinase
cerebral ischemia therapy, 177
pulmonary thromboembolism, 84
ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253, 347
primary biliary cirrhosis management, 258
uterine contractions, myotonic dystrophy, 102, 120–1
uterine function, scoliosis, 138
uterine muscle contractility, dantrolene, 271
uterotonic agents
aortic stenosis, 8–9
heart disease, 6
mitral stenosis, 8
vaccines
dengue virus infection, 329
dermatoses, 353
human papillomavirus infection, 326
influenza, 327
vagal maneuvers, supraventricular tachycardias, 36
vagal stimulation, preexcitation syndrome therapy, 43
vaginal bleeding, cervical cancer, 373
vaginal delivery
cerebral ischemia, 177
cesarean section vs.
heart disease, 6
HIV infection, 324
cirrhosis, 255
dwarfism see dwarfism
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 160
factor XI deficiency, 313
Friedreich ataxia, 156
Gaucher disease, 241
hemodynamics, 6
hydrocephalus with shunt, 178
Kawasaki disease, 69
myasthenia gravis, 154
osteogenesis imperfecta, 162
peripartum ischemic heart disease, 15
rheumatoid arthritis, 408
scleroderma, 417
subarachnoid hemorrhage, 175
systemic lupus erythematosus, 412
in transplant recipients, 393
vagolytics, Marfan syndrome, 68
valproate, breast milk, secretion in, 169
Valsalva maneuver
cystic fibrosis, 91
syringomyelia, 205
valvular lesions, 6
valvuloplasty
aortic stenosis, 8
mitral stenosis, 7
valvulotomy, 10
vancomycin, 5
varicella zoster virus infection (chickenpox), 326
dermatoses, 355
transplant recipients, 389
variegate porphyria (VP), 242
vascular changes
normal pregnancy, 345
Sturge–Weber disease/syndrome, 183
vascular diseases/disorders, 57–68
Ehlers Danlos syndrome, 159
Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome, 68–9
renal, 249, 262
vascular tumors, spinal cord tumors see spinal cord tumors
vasculitis, peripheral neuropathy, 222
vasoactive drugs
Eisenmenger syndrome management, 22
primary pulmonary hypertension, 58
Takayasu arteritis, 65
vasodilator drugs
acute cardiac decompensation, 141
autonomic hyperreflexia, 193
heart transplantation, anesthetic management, 396
Marfan syndrome, 68
peripartum cardiomyopathy, 11
vasopressor drugs
acute cardiac decompensation, 141
intravenous fluid management, 180
spinal cord injury, 194
vasospasm, subarachnoid hemorrhage, 174
vecuronium
asthma, 80
cardiovascular effects, 2
liver transplantation, anesthetic management, 394
myasthenia gravis, 155
porphyria, 245
renal failure effects, 261
Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 334
vena cava ligation, pulmonary thromboembolism, 84
venous access, scleroderma, 418
venous air embolism, 85–8
venous hypertension, spinal cord tumors, 196
venous thrombosis, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, 298
ventilation, asthma see asthma
ventilation perfusion mismatch, asthma, 77
ventilatory failure, scoliosis, 135
ventricular dysrhythmias, 30
long QT syndrome, 46
ventricular fibrillation, 39
preexcitation syndromes, 42
ventricular septal defects (VSDs), 17–18
dysrhythmias, 29
ventricular tachycardia, 38–9
ventriculoperitoneal shunts, 178
verapamil, 51–2
Moyamoya disease management, 69
myotonic dystrophy, 102, 121
tachydysrhythmia therapy, 36, 36
vertebral column disorders, 129–44
see also under spinal; specific diseases/disorders
vertebral displacement, scoliosis, 139
VG5Q gene, 69
Vibrio cholerae infections, 333
vincristine, 224
viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs), 335
see also specific fevers
viral hepatitis, 249–52, 253, 325
anesthetic management, 251–2
incidence, 249, 258
see also specific diseases/disorders
viral infections, 323–8
dermatoses, 353, 354
thrombocytopenia, 305
see also specific infections
visceral leishmaniasis, 334–5
vital capacity (VC), scoliosis, 133, 136
vitamin A deficiency, 253
vitamin B deficiency, 253
vitamin deficiencies, 253, 347
vitamin E deficiency, 253
vitamin K deficiency
factor VII deficiency, 325
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253
vitamin K-dependent clotting factors inherited deficiency (VKCFD), 314
vitamin K supplements
epilepsy, 169
intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, 253, 347
volatile anesthetic agents
heart–lung transplantation anesthetic management, 398
renal failure effects, 261
von Gierke disease, 240
von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, 151–2, 283
von Recklinghausen disease see neurofibromatosis, type 1 (von Recklinghausen disease)
von Willebrand disease, 294, 303, 311, 314
acquired, hypothyroidism, 277
von Willebrand factor, pregnancy, effects of, 249, 257, 311
V/Q mismatching, scoliosis, 135
V/Q scan, pulmonary thromboembolism, 82
vulvar cancer, 374
vulvar lesions, human papillomavirus infection, 326
Waldenström macroglobulinemia, 301–2
wandering pacemaker, 21, 32
warfarin
American Society of Regional Anesthesiology guidelines, 5
deep vein thrombosis management, 84
during pregnancy, 4
valvulotomy, 10
warfarin embryopathy, 4
warm-reactive autoantibodies, 297
washed red blood cell transfusions, 298
Wegener granulomatosis, 262
Werdnig–Hoffman disease (spinal muscular atrophy type I), 197
West Nile virus (WNV) infection, 328
white blood cells, pregnancy, effects of, 294
WHO, malignancy risk factor scoring, 377
wide-complex tachycardia, 34, 38–9
adenosine, 51
see also specific diseases/disorders
Wilson disease see hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson disease)
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS), 304
Wolff–Parkinson–White (WPW) syndrome, 41, 42, 42–3
electrocardiography, 43, 409
with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 36
preexcitation syndromes, 41, 42–3
tachycardia, 35
therapy, 43, 44
work, scoliosis, 133
World Health Organization (WHO), malignancy risk factor scoring, 377
wrist splints, carpal tunnel syndrome therapy, 232
yellow fever, 329–30
Yersinia infections, 332–3
zafirlukast, chronic asthma therapy, 78
zidovudine interactions, 324
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