Abalos v Australian Postal Commission (1990) 171 CLR 167, 143
Aboriginal witnesses, 29
abuse of process submission, 116
accused
referring to, 28
active voice, 148
Adams, John Bodkin, 94
address of witness, ascertaining, 39
addressing the court, 119
admissible evidence, 4, 108
see evidence
admissions, 21
adverse answers
repeating, 33
advocacy
nature of, 1
advocates
obligations of, 1, 9
qualities of, 1
age effect on sentencing, 134
Ahern v The Queen (1988) 165 CLR 87, 8
aims of cross-examination, 49
Ajodha v The State [1982] AC 204, 114
Alchin v Commissioner for Railways (1935) 35 SR (NSW) FC 498, 88, 89, 97, 98
Alexander v Manley (2004) 29 WAR 194, 90, 98
Al-Hashimi v The Queen (2004) 181 FLR 383, 56
Alister v The Queen (1984) 154 CLR 404, 98
Allied Pastoral Holdings v FCT [1983] 1 NSWLR 1, 52
analysis for appeals, 140
Anissa Pty Ltd v Parsons [1999] VSC 430, 163
antecedents, 132
appeals, 137
grounds for, 22, 136
arguing with witnesses, 30
Arthur JS Hall v Simons [2002] 1 AC 615, 9
Attorney-General (NT) v Maurice (1986) 161 CLR 475, 99, 160
Attorney-General’s Reference (No 3 of 1994) [1998] AC 245, 139
Attwood v The Queen (1960) 102 CLR 353, 46
Australian Safeway Stores Pty Ltd v Zaluzna (1987) 162 CLR 479, 110
authorised reports, 161
bad reputation, 72
Bajic case, 153
Barker, Ian, 121, 124
barristers, 1
see advocates
Basha inquiry, 19, 114
Beevis v Dawson [1957] 1 QB 195, 35
behaviour, 8, 166
Bell v The Queen (1985) 7 FCR 555, 72
Bench, 9
see judges
Benedetto v The Queen [2003] 1 WLR 1545, 27, 120, 143
biased experts, 85
Bolster rule, 38
books, learning from, 7
brackets in legal writing, 162
Brian Gardner Motors Pty Ltd v Bembridge (2000) 120 A Crim R 53, 114
briefs, handling of, 13
Browne v Dunn (1893) 6 R 67, 20, 51, 80
Bryan, William Jennings, 34
Bugg v Day (1949) 79 CLR 442, 71
Bull v The Queen (2000) 201 CLR 443, 94
Bulstrode v Trimble [1970] VR 840, 52
Burnell v British Transport Commission [1956] 1 QB 187, 99
Butera v DPP (Vic) (1987) 164 CLR 180, 14, 15, 147
Byrne J, 153
Byrne v Godfree (1997) 96 A Crim R 197, 22
Byrnes v The Queen (1999) 199 CLR 1, 138
cab rank rule, 9
Cadbury v Daily News, 64, 102
calling for a document, 89
Campbell, Don, 59
Carson, Edward, 17, 61
Carter v Northmore Hale Davy and Leake (1995) 183 CLR 121, 108
case concept, 12
Case Stated by DPP (No 1 of 1993) (1993) 66 A Crim R 259, 55
case stated procedure, 139
cases
ethical conduct of, 166
index of, 13
materials for, 16
proof of, 36
won on admissible evidence, 4
work during, 22
Cassell & Co v Broome [1972] AC 1027, 145
Chamberlain case, 121, 124, 125
charts, 15, 120
Chayna, Andre, 82
see R v Chayna (1993) 66 A Crim R 178
Cheney v The Queen (1991) 28 FCR 103, 92
children as witnesses, 20, 73
Chong & Toh v R (1989) 40 A Crim R 22, 34
chronological order for evidence, 42
circumstantial evidence, 68, 112
civil cases
opening addresses, 120
pre-trial documents, 23
steps in, 17
civilian witnesses, 24
Cleveland Report, 21
clients
obligations to, 9, 165
referring to in court, 28
closing addresses, 122
closing the gates, 58, 94
Clyne v NSW Bar Association (1960) 104 CLR 186, 1
Collins J, 164
Collins v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1986) 5 NSWLR 209 (CA), 140
Collins, R.B., 80
comments on evidence, 33
comparatives, correct use of, 158
complaints about procedure, 141
concept of the case, 12
confession, misleading statements as to, 27
confrontation, 60
contemporary notes, failure to consult, 85
contradictions, addressing, 80
Copeland v Smith [2000] 1 WLR 1371, 11
Corkery, Michael, 122
counsel, 6
see advocates
courage, need for, 3
courtesy, 9
in demeanour, 35
in legal writing, 159
in stopping witnesses, 41
courts
appeal powers, 139
appeal practice, 143
behaviour in, 8, 166
lower, advocacy in, 6
preparation for, 11, 165
Cowan v Council of the City of Greater Wollongong (1954) 54 SR (NSW), 143
credit of witnesses, 17
not an issue in examination-in-chief, 38
reviving, 106
undermining, 50, 54
criminal cases
good character in, 46
impact on victims, 133
opening addresses, 120
proof in, 110
Criminal Procedure Act 1865, 88
Crippen, Hawley Harvey, 18, 69
Cross, Sir Rupert, 19
cross-examination, 48
leading questions in, 31
method and style, 60
of experts, 76
of hostile witnesses, 27
on documents, 87
preparing, 20
re-examination arising from, 102
Cummings v Granger [1977] QB 397, 162
Cummins J, 163
Cussen J, 28
cutting off escape, 94
damage control, advocacy as, 5
damaging details, 62
Darrow, Clarence, 4, 34, 86, 123
De Gruchy v The Queen (2002) 211 CLR 85, 112
De Jesus v The Queen (1986) 61 ALJR 1, 4
defence
closing address, 124
witnesses for, 36
demeanour
of advocate, 35
of witnesses, 24
Denning, Lord, 46, 162
denying an allegation, 37
dependent clauses, 150
Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Richard Walter Pty Ltd (1995) 183 CLR 168, 155
detail, level of, 37
details, damaging, 62
diagrams, 15
diaries kept by police, 44
Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 192, 116
digraphs, 151
directing a witness, 37, 103
Director of Public Prosecutions, 131
Director of Public Prosecutions (No 1 of 1999) (1999) 8 NTLR 148, 140
Director of Public Prosecutions (NT) v WJI (2004) 219 CLR 43, 111
Director of Public Prosecutions v Kilbourne [1973] AC 729, 108, 109
documents 8, 16
see also legal writing
assembly of, 13
cross-examining on, 87
re-examining on, 106
should never be marked, 13
Doggett v The Queen (2001) 208 CLR 343, 4
D’Orta-Ekenaike v Victoria Legal Aid (2005) 233 CLR 1, 1, 9, 145
DPP v Boardman [1975] AC 421, 109
DPP v Grabovac [1998] 1 VR 664, 134
DPP v Kilbourne [1973] AC 729, 114
DPP v Sarosi (2000) 110 A Crim R 376, 10
DPP v Stonehouse [1978] AC 55, 122
drafting grounds for appeal, 141
drawings, 15
dress code, 165
duties of an advocate, 9
Eastman v The Queen (2000) 203 CLR 1, 143
Ebatarinja v Price (1997) 137 FLR 281, 139
effect of crime on victims, 133
elements of cause of action or charge, 18, 50
emotions, use of, 3
English, 27
see also language, use of
simple, 27, 41, 149
English v Rogers [2005] NSWCA 327, 164
essence of advocacy, 1
ethics, 8, 165
etiquette, 58, 165
see also courtesy
even temper, 35
see also demeanour
events, index of, 14
evidence
admissibility of, 108
approach to, 14
bearing on each element, 18
cases won on, 4
chronological order of, 42
circumstantial, 68, 116
fresh, in appeals, 143
important items not tested, 83
making comments on, 33
objections to, 113
rules of, 117
variations in, 45
witness statements, 23
Evidence Act (NT), 88
Evidence Act 1872 (Bangladesh), 88
Evidence Act 1906 (WA), 88
Evidence Act 1908 (New Zealand), 88
Evidence Act 1929 (SA), 88
Evidence Act 1950 (Malaysia), 88
Evidence Act 1958 (Vic), 88
Evidence Act 1971 (ACT), 88
Evidence Act 1977 (Qld), 88
Evidence Act 1985 (Canada), 88
Evidence Act 1995 (Cth), 27, 31
Evidence Act 1995 (NSW), 27, 31
Evidence Act 2001 (Tas), 27, 31
Evidence Acts, 88
evidence-in-chief, 46
see examination-in-chief
examination-in-chief, 36
examples, use of, 126
exhibits
examining, 17
index of, 14
experience and logic test, 109
expert witnesses 23, 25
see also opinion evidence
in closing address, 125
cross-examination of, 76
introducing, 39
language used by, 28
order of questions, 43
to psychological impairment, 133
eye contact, 38
facts
admissions of, 21
agreement on, 132
already found, 142
cross-examination on, 51
evidence vs., 4
in issue, 109
in pleas in mitigation, 135
falsehoods, 26
see misleading statements
Fardon v Attorney-General (Qld) (2004) 223 CLR 575, 150
feminine words surviving in law, 154
final address, 22
Financial Wisdom Ltd v Newman (2005) 12 VR 79, 141
Fitzgibbon, Daniel, 102
Fitzpatrick v Walter E Cooper Pty Ltd (1935) 54 CLR 200, 69
Fitzpatrick, Mrs, 69
forms of question, 40, 55, 115
Fox v Percy (2003) 214 CLR 118, 138
Freeman v Harris [1980] VR 267, 140
fresh evidence, 143
Frost v AMACA (2004) 61 NSWLR 158 (CA), 139
Fullagar J, 114, 164
Fullarton SC, 44
Furze v Nixon (2000) 2 VR 503 (CA), 139
G v DPP [1998] QB 919, 21
GAS v The Queen (2004) 217 CLR 198, 132
gender-neutral language, 153
Geraghty J, 164
gerunds, 154
Goddard, Lord, 121, 162
Goldsmith v Sandilands (2002) 76 ALJR 1024, 110
good character, 46, 134
good habits, 7
Gorman, Eugene, 69
Graham Barclay Oysters Pty Ltd v Ryan (2002) 211 CLR 540, 160
graphics, 15
Grey v The Queen (2001) 75 ALJR 1708, 30
Griffiths, Lord, 164
Griggs case, 124, 126
grounds of appeal, 22
see appeals
guilt
advocate’s opinion of, 9
pleading decision, 131
Gummow J, 150
Gumurdul v Reinke (2006) 161 A Crim R 87, 135
H Clark (Doncaster) Ltd v Wilkinson [1965] Ch 694, 21
habits, good, 7
handling of witnesses, 5
Harley v McDonald [1999] 3 NZLR 545, 9
Harmony Shipping Co v Davis [1979] 1 All ER 177 (CA), 16
Harmony Shipping Co v Saudi Europe Line Ltd [1979] 1 WLR 1380, 16
Harris case, 140
Hastings, Patrick, 31, 61, 83
Hatziparadissis v GFC Manufacturing Co [1978] VR 181, 98
Hawkins v The Queen (1994) 181 CLR 440, 108
Herbert, Shane, 120
Herbert, Siobhan, 83
Hewart CJ, 32
HG v The Queen (1999) 197 CLR 414, 77
Hinz v Berry [1970] 2 QB 40, 162
Hoch v The Queen (1988) 165 CLR 292, 19, 109, 114
homely examples, 126
honesty, 3, 4, 7, 10
see also misleading statements
hostile witnesses, 27
Hrysikos v Mansfield (2002) 5 VR 485, 88, 90, 97, 98
humour, restraint in, 144
Humphreys, Christmas, 121
identification
evidence of, 56
failure of, 68
mistakes in, 26
impaired intelligence, 133
inadmissible evidence
avoiding, 41
documents as, 90
from experts, 77
index
of cases, 13
of law topics, 7
of transcript, 22
Indian Evidence Act 1872, 88
ineffectual questions, 32
insurance investigators, 23, 26
intended comments, 33
interpreters for witnesses, 34
invention, 73
Isaacs, Rufus, 102
issues, one to each question, 29
J Boag & Son Brewing Ltd v Bridon Investments Pty Ltd (2001) 10 Tas R 26, 89, 90, 98
Jenkins v The Queen (2004) 79 ALJR 252, 27
Jenkinson J, 150
Jones v Hyde (1989) ALJR 349, 143
judges
in appeal courts, 144, 145
attention to, 9
judges (cont.)
complaints about, 141
grounds for appeal against, 137
may halt or curtail cross-examination, 50
on cross-examination, 48
preparation for, 11
role of, 4
judgment, 4
Kirby J, 138, 159
on appeals, 146
Greek reference, 160
on written submissions, 147, 149
knowledge
of human affairs, 124
importance of, 7
Koutsouridis case, 164
Langdale v Danby [1982] 1 WLR 1123, 21
language, use of, 1, 3, 4, 8, 147
see also legal writing
in examination-in-chief, 41
by interpreters, 34
non-English speaking witnesses, 34
non-English terms, 160
simple English, 27, 149
Latin, avoiding use of, 28, 160
law, keeping up with, 7
Lawrence, Geoffrey, 94
leading questions, 31
in cross-examination, 53
in examination-in-chief, 37
may unsettle witnesses, 39
in re-examination, 103
with opponent’s consent, 45
learning, 5
leave to appeal, 144
legal writing 147
see also language, use of
level of detail, 37
Lewis v The Queen (1987) 88 FLR 104, 45
lies, 26
see misleading statements
listening
to judges, 145
to witnesses, 34, 38
litigation, requirements for, 18
logic, 8, 109
Lowe v The Queen (1984) 154 CLR 606, 134
luck, 22
Luxton v Vines (1952) 85 CLR 352, 112
MacPherson v The Queen (1981) 147 CLR 512, 19, 114
Madison v Goldrick (1976) 1 NSWLR 651, 89
Makita (Australia) Pry Ltd v Sprowles (2001) 52 NSWLR 705, 40, 76, 77, 80
Marlowe v The Queen (2000) 113 A Crim R 118, 105
Martin, Brian, 103
Mason CJ, 144
materials, 16
Maugham, W. Somerset, 148
Maxwell, George, 77, 124, 126
McDermott v The King (1948) 76 CLR 501, 18, 65
McDermott, Frederick, 18, 66
McHugh J, 153
on advocacy, 1
on credibility, 110
on demeanour, 142
on examination-in-chief, 38
written judgements of, 163
Mechanical Inventions v Austin [1935] AC 346, 48
medical reports, 16
Meerabux v Attorney-General of Belize [2005] 2 AC 513, 141
Meerabux, George, 141
memory, refreshing, 43, 89
Meredith v Innes (1931) 31 SR (NSW) 104, 106
metaphors, overworked, 161
Mickelberg v The Queen (1989) 167 CLR 259, 143
Miller v Jackson [1977] 1 QB 966, 162
misleading statements, 26, 57
mistakes made by witnesses, 26, 79
Mitchell v The Queen (1998) 20 WAR 201, 134
Mitchell v The Queen (1998) 20 WAR 257, 134
mitigation, pleas in, 129
Mollison, Dr., 126
Mooney v James [1949] VLR 22, 31
Muir, Richard, 18
Muirhead J, 125
negative questions, 29
negotiating the lowest charge, 131
Nelson v Chute (1994) 72 A Crim R 85, 133
newspaper reports, 16
Ngulkurr v O’Brien (1989) 98 FLR 279, 133
Nicholls v The Queen (2005) 219 CLR 196, 5, 19, 97, 108
night work, 22
Nominal Defendant v Clements (1960) 104 CLR 476, 105
nominative case, 152
non-English languages, 160
Norrish, Stephen, 82
North London Railway Co v Great North Railway Co (1883) 11 QBD 30, 149
notes
for closing address, 123
made during case, 22
making, 13
summaries of, 20
taken by witnesses, 43, 85
when to avoid taking, 52
Nudd v The Queen (2006) 80 ALJR 614, 7
numbers, correct use of, 157
O’Gorman, Dan, 81
O’Leary v The King (1946) 73 CLR 566, 112
objections
to evidence, 19, 113
to forms of questions, 115
objective case, 152
observation, need for, 3
occupation of witness, ascertaining, 39
‘one question too many’, 59
Opas, Phillip, 78
opening addresses, 120
opinion evidence, 17, 76
order of examination-in-chief, 42
overworked metaphors, 161
padding, avoiding, 30, 160
Palmer v The Queen (1998) 193 CLR 1, 38, 108, 110
Pangaraminni, Regis, 101
parity in sentencing, 134
participial phrases, 150
parties, 165
see clients
Pearce v The Queen (1998) 194 CLR 610, 134
perfection not possible, 10
personal pronouns, 152
pettifoggery, 142
Pfennig v The Queen (1995) 182 CLR 461, 109
photograph albums, 15
physique, requirements of, 3
platitudes, 161
Plato Films Ltd v Speidel [1961] AC 1090 (HL), 46
pleading, decision on, 131
pleas in mitigation, 129
pleonasms, 159
plurals, correct use of, 156
police
notes taken by, 44
statements taken by, 23, 26
as witnesses, 25
politeness, 159
see courtesy
Pollard v The Queen (1992) 176 CLR 177, 5
Pollitt v The Queen (1992) 174 CLR 558, 27
Porter, Chester, 18, 24
positivity in writing, 148
Powell case, 149
practiced witnesses, 25
precedent in appeals, 145
preparation, 11
for appeals, 138
for closing address, 124
for court attendance, 165
for cross-examination, 20
overnight, 22
for pleas in mitigation, 130, 134
for writing submissions, 148
prepositions, 152
presence, need for, 3
pre-trial documents, 23
previous convictions, 70
previous inconsistent statement, 92
prior consistent statement, 93
prior convictions, 132
prior inconsistent statement, 92
procedure, rules of, 8
pronouns, 152
proof
of death, 21
of the case, 36
onus of, 110
of the witness, 38
prosecution, closing address, 123
provenance of exhibits, 14
psychiatric difficulties, 133
Putti v Simpson (1975) 6 ALR 47, 11, 130
qualities of advocacy, 1
Queen’s Case (1820) 2 Brod & Bing 284, 88, 97
Queensberry, Marquess of, 17, 61
questions, 55
see also leading questions
in cross-examination, 55
excessive, 59
forms of, 40
from witnesses, 24
to witnesses, 23, 27
quotations, use of, 163
R (Jackson) v Attorney-General [2006] 1 AC 262, 8
R (on the application of Lynch) v General Dental Council [2004] 1 All ER 1159, 164
R (McCann) v Manchester Crown Court [2003] 1 AC 787, 141
R v Abusafiah (1991) 24 NSWLR 531, 111
R v AJS (2005) 159 A Crim R 327, 100, 103, 106
R v Alexander and McKenzie (2002) 6 VR 53, 91
R v Alexander and Taylor [1975] VR 741, 44
R v Amad [1962] VR 545, 5
R v Anderson (1929) 21 Cr App R 178, 62, 88, 97
R v Anderson (1991) 1 NTLR 149, 5, 51, 51, 108, 114
R v B [1966] 1 WLR 1612, 142
R v Bajic (2005) 154 A Crim R 196, 153
R v Balchin (1974) 9 SASR 64, 22
R v Baldwin [1925] All ER Rep, 33
R v Banks (1916) 12 Cr App R 74, 98
R v Banner [1970] VR 240, 114
R v Basha (1989) 39 A Crim R 337, 19, 113
R v Bedington [1970] Qd R 353, 90, 91, 98
R v Birks (1990) 19 NSWLR 677, 5, 22, 48
R v Bliss [1937] 1 DLR 1, 131
R v Bridger [2003] 1 NZLR 636, 133
R v Brownlow (2003) 86 SASR 114 (CCA), 159
R v Burns (2003) 137 A Crim R 557 (NSW CCA), 59
R v Bux (2002) 132 A Crim R 395, 133
R v C (1993) 60 SASR 467, 77
R v Calder [1987] 1 Qd R 62 (CCA), 160
R v Carroll (2002) 213 CLR 635, 154
R v Champion (1992) 64 A Crim R 244, 133
R v Chandu Nagrecha [1997] 2 Cr App R 401, 19
R v Chayna (1993) 66 A Crim R 178, 82
R v Chen and Others (2002) 130 A Crim R 300, 39, 44
R v Chin (1985) 157 CLR 671, 117
R v Christie [1914] AC 545, 108
R v Churchill, August 1999 (Western Australian Supreme Court), 123
R v Clarke (2001) 123 A Crim R 506 (NSW CCA), 27
R v Cooper (1985) 82 Cr App R 74, 98
R v Cooper (Supreme Court of Queensland), 82
R v Coventry (1997) 7 Tas R 199, 31
R v Craig and Bentley, 9 December 1952, 121
R v Crehan and Rowe (2001) 4 VR 189 (CA), 140
R v Crippen, Oct 18–22, 1910, 69, 70
R v DAH (2004) 150 A Crim R 14 (SA CCA), 33
R v David [1966] VR 358, 131
R v Doheny and Adams [1997] 1 Cr App R 369, 8
R v Donald (1983) 34 SASR 10, 114, 141
R v Dowlan [1998] 1 VR 123, 134
R v Einem (No 2) (1991) 52 A Crim R 402, 54
R v F (1995) 83 A Crim R 502, 77
R v Fish and Swan (2002) 131 A Crim R 172, 68, 104
R v Foggo; Ex parte Attorney-General [1989] 2 Qd R 49, 90, 98
R v Fowler (2003) 151 A Crim R 166, 29, 142
R v François [1994] 2 SCR 827, 40
R v Fraser (1995) 65 SASR 260, 89, 97, 105, 109
R v Fuge (2001) 123 A Crim R 310, 142
R v Funderburk [1990] 1 WLR 587, 19
R v Gardner, February 1989 (Victorian Supreme Court), 123
R v Georgiev (2001) 119 A Crim R 363, 106
R v Gibb and McKenzie [1983] 2 VR 155, 73
R v Glossop [2001] NSWCCA 165, 83
R v Govinden (1999) 106 A Crim R 314 (NSW CCA), 129
R v Green (2002) 4 VR 471, 137
R v Griggs (Supreme Court of Victoria, Sale, 7 March 1928), 78, 126
R v Handy [2002] 2 SCR 908, 112
R v Hanrahan (1964) 87 WN (NSW) 458, 72
R v Harmer (1985) 28 A Crim R 35, 109
R v Harris (1988) 17 NSWLR 158, 140
R v Harrison [1966] VR 72, 89, 98
R v Haycraft (1974) 54 Cr App R 121 (CCA), 142
R v Higgins (1994) 71 A Crim R 429, 50
R v Hircock [1970] 1 QB 67, 4
R v Hoad (1989) 42 A Crim R 312 (Qld CCA), 159
R v Horseferry Road Magistrates’ Court; Ex parte Bennett [1994] 1 AC 42, 164
R v Howes (2000) 2 VR 141, 152
R v Hughes (Supreme Court of Victoria) 17 July 1990, 21, 81
R v Hughes (Vic CCA 20 March 1990, unreported), 45
R v Hutchinson (1990) 53 SASR 587 (CCA), 27
R v Jack (1894) 15 LR (NSW) 196, 89, 97
R v Johnson (2001) 126 A Crim R 395, 30
R v Karger (2002) 83 SASR 135, 8
R v Kehagias [1985] VR 107, 106
R v King [1983] 1 WLR 411; 1 All ER 929, 16
R v King (2004) 150 A Crim R 409, 55
R v Kirk [2000] 1 WLR 567, 4
R v KJ (2005) 154 A Crim R 139 (Vic CA), 160
R v Knight & Ors, February 2000, 124
R v Kolalich (1990) 47 A Crim R 71, 131
R v Kostaras (No 2) (2003) 86 SASR 541, 55
R v Kotzmann (No 2) (2002) 128 A Crim R 479, 159
R v Koutsouridis (1982) 7 A Crim R 237, 114, 164
R v Lars and Others (1994) 73 A Crim R 91, 34
R v Lavery (1979) 20 SASR 430, 141
R v Le (2002) 130 A Crim R 44, 33
R v Le (2002) 54 NSWLR 474 (CCA), 27
R v Lewis (2003) 142 A Crim R 254 (NSW CCA), 160
R v Lewis-Hamilton [1998] 1 VR 630, 17
R v Madden (1999) 85 A Crim R 385 (NSW CCA), 140
R v Mahoney (2000) 114 A Crim R 130, 142
R v Markulesi (2001) 52 NSWLR 82, 38, 104
R v Martin (No 2) (1997) 68 SASR 419, 40, 74
R v Mason [1988] 1 WLR 139, 108
R v Matthews [1960] 1 SA 752, 109
R v McConville (Supreme Court of Victoria), 62, 63, 67, 92
R v McFadden (1975) 62 Cr App R 187, 9
R v McGregor [1984] 1 Qd R 256, 89, 90
R v McIntyre (2000) 111 A Crim R 211 (NSW CCA), 10
R v Minani (2005) 154 A Crim R 347 (NSW CCA), 160
R v Minister for Immigration and Cultural Affairs; Ex parte 5154 (2003) 77 ALJR 1909, 154
R v Moore (1995) 77 A Crim R 577, 89
R v Morgan [1976] AC 182, 111
R v Morris [1951] 1 KB 394, 162
R v Murphy (1985) 4 NSWLR 42, 46
R v Musolino (2003) 86 SASR 37, 97
R v Ncanana [1948] 4 SALR 399, 27
R v Newton (2002) 128 A Crim R 185 (SA CCA), 160
R v Nguyen [1998] 4 VR 394, 143
R v Nicholas (2000) 111 A Crim R 490, 160
R v NJM (2001) 126 A Crim R 378, 73
R v NRC [1999] 3 VR 537 (CA), 48
R v Okutgen (1982) 8 A Crim R 262, 134
R v Olbrich (1999) 199 CLR 270, 132
R v Orton [1922] VLR 469, 28, 91, 98
R v Parker and Mulhall (2002) 131 A Crim R 597, 131
R v Pearce [1953] Tas LR 69, 131
R v Powell (2001) 81 SASR 9 (CCA), 149
R v Previtera (1997) 94 A Crim R 76, 134
R v Quentin Tipungwuti (Northern Territory Supreme Court, Darwin), 67
R v Ready and Manning [1942] VLR 85, 106
R v Richardson [1969] 1 QB 299, 72
R v Rose [1998] 3 SCR 262, 122
R v Rowe (2004) 50 NSWLR 510 (CCA), 140
R v Rowton (1865) Le & Ca 520, 46
R v Rugari (2001) 122 A Crim R 1, 159
R v Ryan, 79
R v Sandford (1994) 37 NSWLR 172, 19, 114
R v Sang [1980] AC 402, 108
R v Santos and Carrion (1987) 45 SASR 556, 101
R v Saragozza [1984] VR 118, 111
R v Sargent [2003] 1 AC 347, 4
R v Seham Yousry (1914) 11 Cr App R 13, 90, 98
R v Sharp [1994] QB 261, 48
R v Shaw [1996] 1 Qd R 641, 37
R v Smith (1982) 7 A Crim R 437, 134
R v Smith [1992] 2 SCR 915, 4
R v Smith (No 2) (1995) 64 SASR 1, 105
R v Solomon (2005) 153 A Crim R 32, 155
R v Soma (2003) 212 CLR 299, 92, 98, 117
R v Stephenson [1976] VR 376, 109
R v Stokes and Difford (1990) 51 A Crim R 25 (NSW CCA), 22
R v Symons (1988) 32 A Crim R 370, 78
R v Szach (1980) 23 SASR 504, 103
R v Taktak (1988) 14 NSWLR 226, 79
R v Talia [1996] 1 VR 462, 134
R v Teys (2001) 161 FLR 44, 32
R v Thomas (2006) 163 A Crim R 567, 137
R v Tierney (1990) 51 A Crim R 446 (Vic CCA), 159
R v Tipungwuti (Northern Territory Supreme Court), 66, 84, 101, 127
R v Titijewski [1970] VR 371, 106
R v Trotter (1982) 7 A Crim R 8, 90, 91, 98
R v Tsiaras [1996] 1 VR 398, 133
R v Umanski [1961] VR 242, 5, 52, 116
R v Vent (1935) 25 Cr App R 55, 131
R v Ward (1981) 3 A Crim R 171 (NSW CCA), 16
R v Warren (1994) 72 A Crim R 74, 21
R v Weatherstone (1968) 12 FLR 14, 89
R v White (1997) 32 OR (3d) 722, 7
R v Williams [2001] 1 Qd R 212, 28
R v Wood & Ors (1996) 87 A Crim R 346 (Qld CA), 152
R v Yaldiz [1998] 2 VR 396, 133
Randwick Corporation v Rutledge (1959) 102 CLR 54, 151
Rawcliffe v The Queen (2000) 22 WAR 490, 103
Re Anne Hamilton-Byrne [1995] 1 VR 129 (FC), 140
Re Hallett’s Estate (1880) 13 Ch D 696, 145
reasons for witnesses’ actions, 104
rebutting recent invention, 105
recent invention, 73, 105
re-examination, 100
refreshing memory, 43, 89
relevance, 19, 50, 108
reputation
evidence as to, 72
good character, 117
requirements for litigation, 18
Revesz v The Queen (1996) 88 A Crim R 253, 21
reviving witnesses’ credit, 106
right of reply, 37
Riley J, 101
Robinson v The Queen (2006) 162 A Crim R 88, 4
Rondel v Worsley [1969] 1 AC 191, 10
rules of evidence, 8
Russell, Charles, 53
Ryder v Hartford Insurance Co [1977] VR 257, 150
Saunders v The Queen (1985) 15 A Crim R 115, 37
sayings, 161
scenes of activity, visiting, 17
Schreiner JA, 109
Scopes, John, 34
Scragg, Gregory, 79
Senat v Senat [1965] P 172, 89, 98
Seneviratne v The King [1936] 3 All ER 36 (PC), 24
senior advocates, learning from, 6
sentencing, appeal against, 137
settling the facts, 132
Shand, Jack, 18, 57
Shepherd v The Queen (1990) 170 CLR 573, 112
Shorey v PT Ltd (2003) 77 ALJR 1104, 85
short sentences, 149
side issues, 12
Simon, Viscount, 114
simple English, 27
see also language, use of
in examination-in-chief, 41
word choice, 149
simple examples, 80
Skinner, Dr., 82
slang, use of, 27
Smith v The Queen (2001) 206 CLR 650, 19, 50, 77, 108
Smith, T.W., 85
Southwood J, 163
split infinitives, 156
starting a witness, 41
statements
see witness statements
statutory law, appeals under, 138
Stevens v The Queen (2005) 80 ALJR 91, 163
Stirland v Director of Public Prosecutions [1944] AC 315, 114, 141
Stonehouse case, 122
stopping a witness, 41
stopping cross-examination, 59
Stronach, Nurse, 94
style
in cross-examination, 60
style, developing, 7
subjunctive mood, 151
submissions, 89, 116
see also legal writing
to DPP, 131
written, increasing demand for, 147
Sutton v Derschaw & Ors (1995) 82 A Crim R 318, 54
Sutton v The Queen (1984) 152 CLR 528, 109
Sweeney v Fitzhardinge (1906) 4 CLR 716, 138
telephone records, 16
The Waterways Authority v Fitzgibbon (2005) 79 ALJR 1816, 102
Thomas v The Queen (1960) 102 CLR 584, 151
Thompson v The King [1918] AC 221, 111
Thompson v The Queen (2005) 157 A Crim R 385, 133
tightening the net, 58
timing, 31
Tipungwuti, Quentin, 66
see R v Tipungwuti (Northern Territory Supreme Court)
Tomlins v Brennan (2006) 18 NTLR 80, 163
toning down weak points, 45
totality, 134
Tractor Joe, 84
training, 5
transcript, index to, 22
true appeals, 138
turning the witness your way, 82
undermining witnesses, 63, 91
unfair hearing submission, 116
unfavourable witnesses, 27
Uniform Evidence Acts (Cth, NSW & Tas), 27, 88, 91
Van Den Hoek v The Queen (1987) 28 A Crim R 424, 42
Veen v The Queen [No 2] (1988) 164 CLR 465, 133, 155
verbosity
see language, use of
verbs, correct use of, 156
Vesey v Bus Eireann [2001] 4 IR 192, 49
Vetrovec v The Queen [1982] 1 SCR 811, 27
victims of crime, 133
Vizzard, Frederick, 65
vocal qualities, 3
voir dire, 19, 113
Wakeley v The Queen (1990) 64 ALJR 321, 51
Walker v Walker (1937) 57 CLR 630, 89
Wallin v Curtain (1998) 100 A Crim R 506 (Vic CA), 139
Walsh QC, 41
Walsh v Law Society of New South Wales (1999) 198 CLR 73, 155
Walters J, 141
Warren, Samuel, 57
watching judges, 145
watching witnesses, 34, 38, 52
weak points, 45
weakening evidence, 49
Weininger v The Queen (2003) 212 CLR 629, 132
Wheelahan, Dennis, 102
Whisprun Pty Ltd v Dixon (2003) 77 ALJR 1598, 141
Whitehorn v The Queen (1983) 152 CLR 657, 4, 24
Whitlam v ASIC (2003) 199 ALR 674, 103
Wilde, Oscar, 17, 61
Williams v Spautz (1992) 174 CLR 509, 116
wisdom, 4
wit, need for, 3
witness statements, 13, 14, 23, 26, 38
see also proof
witnesses
see also re-examination, cross-examination
agreeable, 73
arguing with, 30
attention to, 34, 38, 52
backgrounds of, 17
children as, 20, 73
choosing, 23
defence witnesses, 36
establishing credentials, 77
ethical treatment of, 165
examination-in-chief, 41
handling of, 5
index of, 13
keeping control of, 55
questions and, 23
reasons for actions, 104
reviving credit of, 106
setting at ease, 39
statements by, 16
turning your way, 82
undermining, 63, 91
Wood v Desmond (1958) 78 WN 65, 88, 97
Woods v Rogers; Ex parte Wood [1983] 2 Qd R 212, 114, 142
Woolmington v Director of Public Prosecutions [1935] AC 462, 111
words
see also language, use of
correct use of, 149, 154
York v The Queen (2005) 225 CLR 466, 153