EUROPEAN UNION PUBLIC LAW

Since its publication in 2006, European Union Law has quickly established itself as one of the leading textbooks in the field, providing the student with both a comprehensive text and a collection of materials. European Union Public Law brings together those sections of the title which look at the constitutional and institutional law of the EU, making it ideal for students undertaking a more focused study of the Union. Its proven successful combination of a highly accessible style, a ‘law in context’ approach which looks at the law in its wider political and social context, and a collection of interdisciplinary materials make this an essential text for those students concerned with the institutional and political workings of the Union. European public law students, European studies students and politics students will find this text invaluable, at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.

DAMIAN CHALMERS is Professor of European Union Law at the London School of Economics and Political Sciences. He has held numerous visiting appointments in Europe, including positions at the College of Europe, the University of Lund, the University of Helsinki, Institutio de Empresa and the University of Fudan (PRC). He is currently editor of the European Law Review and EU Jurist.

ADAM TOMKINS is John Millar Professor of Public Law at the University of Glasgow. His area of expertise is public law, which he has lectured on in the United Kingdom, North America and Australia. His previous publications include Public Law (2003), Our Republican Constitution (2005) and British Government and the Constitution: Sixth Edition (2007, with Colin Turpin).

EUROPEAN UNION
PUBLIC LAW

TEXT AND MATERIALS

DAMIAN CHALMERS

ADAM TOMKINS

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

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© Damian Chalmers and Adam Tomkins 2007

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
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no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2007

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ISBN 978-0-521-88237-8 hardback
ISBN 978-0-521-70902-6 paperback

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PREFACE

This book reprints the first ten chapters of the wider project European Union Law: Text and Materials (Cambridge University Press, 2006) that we co-wrote with Christos Hadjiemmanuil and Giorgio Monti. We would like to thank them for their support for this book. We decided to publish these chapters as a separate book partly as a response to a perceived demand by those who wish to study only the public law of the European Union. We also decided to publish them separately as they bring out issues which are present in all European Union law but are more openly contested in its public law.

First, whilst the Union does not aspire to be a state, it cannot avoid using the legal and political vocabulary of the state. European Union legal debates are replete with references to the rule of law, separation of powers, democracy, fundamental rights and citizenship Ð all terms developed within and associated with the national context. This bind results in traditional understandings of these terms never quite being satisfactory for describing what is taking place. Yet, on the other hand, there are no suitable alternative templates from which to draw. Evaluating the European Union is thus an elusive process but, also, an intriguing one, as it calls us to reconsider many central assumptions about law and government.

Secondly, European Union law cannot escape its political nature. The European Union has, on the one hand, little if any taken-for-granted authority. On the other, it is a big place of half a billion people in which any legal measure will generate large numbers of winners and losers. The calculus of the European Union is always therefore being contested. Many will go beyond this, arguing not only that a particular measure is unfair in that it imposes costs on them or unevenly distributes benefits, but that it is illegitimate in the deeper sense of lacking the authority to make the change in the first place. The absence of ‘right answers’ and the presence of constant debate about revisiting measures, we would suggest, are features of European Union law which provide new opportunities for democratisation by leading citizens more openly to question the nature of public power. The extent to which such opportunities are actually taken up is a different question, of course.

The third feature of the European Union is its continual, some would say obsessive, quest for justifications. This lack of authority leads it to work harder to legitimate itself, either through so-called ‘input legitimacy’ by opening its procedures or by ‘output legitimacy’ through continually re-evaluating the effects of its measures. This has made it a peculiar laboratory for public law where all kinds of measures are tested in the ongoing and sometimes apparently desperate search for an elixir.

Finally, European Union law is European. It institutionalises and carries forward, through invocation of the name, a particular view of Europe. At the heart of this view of Europe lies the nation state. It is impossible to conceive of the European Union without the nation states. Its procedures and norms would make no sense if one took them away. The European Union suggests equally, however, that Europe is something a little bit more than the nation states. It locates them in a wider environment of norms, procedures, symbols and values to which they must adapt. They can adapt by incorporating them or maybe rejecting them, but it is not open to them to ignore them. In that, it reminds us that public law is not just a set of formal procedures, and calls us continually to reconsider the nature of political community and public power.

These chapters appear, with only minor modifications, as they did in the earlier book. As then, we have endeavoured to state the legal position as at 30 September 2005.

DC and AT

Contents

ABBREVIATIONS

AFSJ	Area of Freedom, Security and Justice
BER	Block Exemption Regulation
BSE	bovine spongiform encephalopathy
CAP	Common Agricultural Policy
CESR	Committee of European Securities Regulators
CFI	Court of First Instance
CFSP	Common Foreign and Security Policy
COR	Committee of the Regions
COREPER	Committee of Permanent Representatives
CT	Constitutional Treaty
DCT	Draft Constitutional Treaty
DG	Directorate-General
EC	European Communities
ECB	European Central Bank
ECHR	European Convention on Human Rights
ECN	European Competition Network
ECSC	European Coal and Steel Community
ECtHR	European Court of Human Rights
ECU	European currency unit
EDC	European Defence Community
EDP	excessive deficit procedure
EEC	European Economic Community
EFSA	European Food Safety Authority
EMI	European Monetary Institute
EMS	European Monetary System
EMU	economic and monetary union
EO	European Ombudsman
ERDF	European Regional Development Fund
ERM	exchange rate mechanism
ERT	European Round Table
ESC	Economic and Social Committee
ESCB	European System of Central Banks
ESecC	European Securities Committee
ESF	European Social Fund
EUCFR	European Union Charter of Fundamental Rights
EURATOM	European Atomic Energy Community
EUROPOL	European Police Office
FSA	Financial Services Authority
FSAP	Financial Services Action Plan
IGC	intergovernmental conference
ISO	International Standards Organisation
JHA	Justice and Home Affairs
MiFiD	Markets in Financial Instruments Directive
NCA	national competition authority
NCB	national central bank
NGO	non-governmental organization
OHIM	Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market
OLAF	European Anti-Fraud Office
OMC	open method of coordination
PJCC	police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters
QMV	qualified majority voting
SEA	Single European Act
SGEI	services of general economic interest
SIA	Schengen Implementing Agreement
SIS	Schengen Information System
TEU	Treaty on European Union
WTO	World Trade Organisation

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Every attempt has been made to secure permission to reproduce copyright material in this title and grateful acknowledgment is made to the authors and publishers of all reproduced material. In particular, the publishers would like to acknowledge the following for granting permission to reproduce material from the sources set out below:

A. Arnull, ‘Private Applicants and the Action for Annulment under Article 173 of the EC Treaty’ (1995) 40 Common Market Law Review 44Ð46 © 1995 Kluwer Law International. Reprinted with permission from Kluwer Law International; www.kluwerlaw.com.

E. Balibar, ‘Europe as Vanishing Mediator’ (2003) Constellations 312. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

A. Clapham, ‘A Human Rights Policy for the European Community’ (1990) Yearbook of European Law 309. Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press.

H. Farrell and A. Héritier, ‘Interorganizational Negotiation and Intraorganizational Power in Shared Decision Making: Early Agreements under Codecision and their Impact on the European Parliament and the Council’ (2004) 37 Comparative Political Studies 1184. 2004 by Sage Publications, pp. 1198Ð1199. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications.

D. Grimm, ‘Does Europe Need a Constitution?’ (1995) 1 European Law Journal 218. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

C. Harlow, ‘Public Law and Popular Justice’ (2002) 65 Modern Law Review 1. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

D. Judge and D. Earnshaw, ‘Weak European Parliament Influence? A Study of the Environment Committee of the European Parliament’ (1994) Government and Opposition 262. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

M. Kumm, ‘The Jurisprudence of Constitutional Conflict: Constitutional Supremacy in Europe before and after the Constitutional Treaty’ (2005) 11 European Law Journal 262. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

N. MacCormick, ‘The Maastricht Urteil: Sovereignty Now’ (1995) 1 European Law Journal 259. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

S. Mazey and J. Richardson, ‘Interest Groups and the Brussels Bureaucracy’ in J. Hayward and A. Menon (eds.), Governing Europe (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003). Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press.

D. Obradovic, ‘Policy Legitimacy and the European Union’ (1996) 34 Journal of Common Market Studies 191. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

M. Shapiro, ‘The Problems of Independent Agencies in the United States and the European Union’ (1997) 4(2) Journal of European Public Policy 276Ð277 (http://www.tandf.co.uk). Reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis.

M. de la Torre, ‘The Law Beneath Rights’ Feet: Preliminary Investigation for a Study of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union’ (2002) 8 European Law Journal 513. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

T. Tridimas, The General Principles of EC Law (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999). Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press.

J. Weiler, ‘The Transformation of Europe’. Reprinted by permission of The Yale Law Journal Company and William S. Hein Company from The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 100, pages 2403Ð2483.

J. Weiler, ‘A Constitution for Europe? Some Hard Choices’ (2002) 40 Journal of Common Market Studies 563. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

A. Williams, EU Human Rights Policies: A Study in Irony (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2004). Reprinted by permission of Oxford University Press.

J. Zielonka, ‘How New Enlarged Borders will Reshape the European Union’ (2001) 39 Journal of Common Market Studies 507. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing.

TABLE OF CASES

    European Court of Justice and Court of First Instance: cases in case number order

9/56 Meroni v High Authority [1957–58] English Special Edition 133

1/58 Stork v High Authority [1959] ECR 17

36, 37, 38 and 40/59 Geitling v High Authority [1960] ECR 423

42 & 49/59 SNUPAT v High Authority [1961] ECR 109

7/61 Commission v Italy [1961] ECR 317

24/62 Germany v Commission [1963] ECR 63

25/62 Plaumann & Co v Commission [1963] ECR 95

26/62 Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen [1963] ECR 1

28–30/62 Da Costa [1963] ECR 37

75/63 Hoekstra v Bedrijfsvereniging Detailhandel [1964] ECR 177

6/64 Costa v ENEL [1964] ECR 585

40/64 Sgarlata v Commission [1965] ECR 215

56 and 58/64 Consten and Grundig v Commission [1966] ECR 299

48/65 Lütticke v Commission [1966] ECR 19

61/65 Vaasen v Beambtenfonds voor het Mijnbedrijf [ 1966] ECR 272

35/67 Van Eick v Commission [1968] ECR 329

7/68 Commission v Italy [1968] ECR 428

7/69 Commission v Italy [1970] ECR 111

29/69 Stauder v City of Ulm [1969] ECR 419

77/69 Commission v Belgium [1970] ECR 237

9/70 Grad v Finanzamt Traustein [1970] ECR 838

11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v Einfuhr- und Vorratstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel (Solange I) [1970] ECR 1125

22/70 Commission v Council (‘ERTA’) [1971] ECR 263

41–44/70 International Fruit Company v Commission [1971] ECR 411

5/71 Aktien-Zuckerfabrik Schöppenstedt v Council [1971] ECR 975

93/71 Leonesio v Italian Ministry of Agriculture [1972] ECR 293

96/71 Haegeman v Commission [1972] ECR 1005

21–24/72 International Fruit Company v Produktschap voor Groenten en Fruit [1972] ECR 1226

39/72 Commission v Italy [1973] ECR 101

4/73 Nold v Commission [1974] ECR 491

8/73 Haupzollamt Bremerhaven v Massey Ferguson [1973] ECR 897

34/73 Variola v Amministrazione delle Finanze [1973] ECR 981

39/73 Rewe-Zentralfinanz v Direktor der Landwirtschaftskammer Westfalen-Lippe [1973] ECR 1039

166/73 Rheinmühlen-Düsseldorf v Einfuhr- und Vorratstelle für Getreide [1974] ECR 33

175/73 Union Syndicale [1974] ECR 917

2/74 Reyners v Belgium [1974] ECR 631

17/74 Transocean Marine Paint v Commission [1974] ECR 1063

41/74 Van Duyn v Home Office [1974] ECR 1337

36/75 Rutili v Ministre de l’Intérieur [1975] ECR 1219

43/75 Defrenne v Sabena (No. 2) [1976] ECR 455

105/75 Giuffrida v Commission [1976] ECR 1395

118/75 Watson and Belmann [1976] ECR 1185

130/75 Prais [1976] ECR 1589

26/76 Metro SB-Gromärkte GmbH & Co KG v Commission (No 1) [1977] ECR 1875

41/76 Donckerwolcke v Procureur de la République [1976] ECR 1921

45/76 Comet BV v Produktschap voor Siergewassen [1976] ECR 2043

52/76 Benedetti v Munari [1977] ECR 163

64 and 113/76, 167 and 239/78, 27–28 and 45/79 Dumortier Frères v Council [1979] ECR 3091

85/76 Hoffmann-La Roche & Co AG v Commission [1979] ECR 461

30/77 R v Bouchereau [1979] ECR 1999

38/77 ENKA v Inspecteur der Invoerrechten [1977] ECR 2203

70/77 Simmenthal v Italian Finance Administration [1978] ECR 1453

83 and 94/76, 4, 15 and 40/77 HNL v Council and Commission [1987] ECR 1209

106/77 Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v Simmenthal [1978] ECR 629

149/77 Defrenne (No. 3) [1978] ECR 1365

128/78 Commission v United Kingdom [1978] ECR 2429

141/78 France v United Kingdom [1979] ECR 2923

148/78 Ministero Pubblico v Ratti [1979] ECR 1629

230/78 Eridania [1979] ECR 2749

44/79 Hauer [1979] ECR 3727

104/79 Foglia v Novello (No. 1) [1980] ECR 745

136/79 National Panasonic [1980] ECR 2033

138/79 Roquette Frères v Council [1980] ECR 3333

155/79 AM & S Europe Ltd v Commission [1982] ECR 1575

789 and 790/79 Calpak v Commission [1980] ECR 1949

804/79 Commission v United Kingdom (Conservation Measures) [1981] ECR 1045

66/80 International Chemical Corporation (ICC) v Amministrazione Finanze [1981] ECR 1191

130/80 Borker [1980] ECR 1975

169/80 Administration des Douanes v Gondrand Frères [1981] ECR 1931

244/80 Foglia v Novello (No. 2) [1981] ECR 3045

246/80 Broeckmeulen v Huisarts Registratie Commissie [1981] ECR 2311

8/81 Becker v Finanzamt Münster-Innenstadt [1982] ECR 53

60/81 IBM v Commission [1981] ECR 2639

65/81 Reina v Landeskreditbank Baden-Wurttemburg [1982] ECR 33

102/81 Nordsee Deutsche Hochseefischerei v Reederei Mond Hochseefischerei [1982] ECR 1095

104/81 Kupferberg [1982] ECR 3641

211/81 Commission v Denmark [1982] ECR 4547

267 to 269/81 Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v SPI [1983] ECR 801

283/81 CILFIT v Ministry of Health [1982] ECR 341

11/82 Piraiki-Patraiki v Commission [1985] ECR 207

239 and 275/82 Allied Corporation and Others v Commission [1984] ECR 1005

264/82 Timex v Commission [1985] ECR 849

281/82 Unifrex v Commission and Council [1984] ECR 1969

14/83 Von Colson and Kamann v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen [1984] ECR 1891

63/83 R v Kent Kirk [1984] ECR 2689

240/83 ADBHU [1985] ECR 531

294/83 Parti écologiste ‘Les Verts’ v European Parliament [1986] ECR 1339

60 and 61/84 Cinéthèque v Fédération Nationale des Cinémas Français (‘Cinéthèque’) [1985] ECR 2605

152/84 Marshall v Southampton & SW Hampshire Area Health Authority [1986] ECR 723

169/84 Cofaz v Commission [1986] ECR 391

222/84 Johnston v RUC [1986] ECR 1651

5/85 AKZO v Commission [1986] ECR 2585

133–136/85 Rau v Bundesanstalt für Landswirtschaftliche Marktordnung [1987] ECR 2289

201–2/85 Klensch v Sécrétaire d’Etat [1986] ECR 3477

281, 283–5 and 287/85 Germany and others v Commission [1987] ECR 3203

293/85 Commission v Belgium [1988] ECR 305

314/85 Firma Fotofrost v Hauptzollamt Lübeck-Ost [1987] ECR 4199

338/85 Pardini v Ministerio del Commercio con L’Estero [1988] ECR 2041

416/85 Commission v United Kingdom [1988] ECR 3127

1/86 Commission v Belgium [1987] ECR 2797

12/86 Demirel v Stadt Schwabisch Gmund [1987] ECR 3719

24/86 Blaizot v Belgium [1988] ECR 379

60/86 Commission v United Kingdom [1988] ECR 3921

68/86 United Kingdom v Council [1988] ECR 855

80/86 Kolpinghuis Nijmegen [1987] ECR 3969

120/86 Mulder v Minister van Landbouw en Visserij [1988] ECR 2321

126/86 Zaera v Institutio Nacionale de la Seguridad Social [1987] ECR 3697

222/86 UNECTEF v Heylens [1987] ECR 4097

249/86 Commission v Germany [1989] ECR 1263

22/87 Commission v Italy [1989] ECR 143

247/87 Star Fruit v Commission [1989] ECR 291

302/87 European Parliament v Council (‘Comitology’) [1988] ECR 5615

374/87 and 27/88 Orkem SA & Solvay [1989] ECR 3283

2/88 Zwartveld [1990] ECR I-3365

5/88 Wachauf v Germany [1989] ECR 2609

49/88 Al-Jubail v Council [1991] ECR I-3187

64/88 Commission v France [1991] ECR I-272

68/88 Commission v Greece [1989] ECR 2965

70/88 European Parliament v Council (‘Chernobyl’) [1990] ECR I-2041

103/88 Fratelli Constanzo v Milano [1989] ECR 1839

145/88 Torfaen BC v B & Q [1989] ECR 765

150/88 Eau de Cologne v Provide [1989] ECR 3891

152/88 Sofrimport v Commission [1990] ECR I-2477

297/88 and C-197/89 Dzodzi v Belgium [1990] ECR I-3673

322/88 Grimaldi v Fonds des Maladies Professionelles [1989] ECR 4407

326/88 Hansen [1990] ECR I-2911

331/88 R v Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex parte Fedesa [1990] ECR I-4023

C-57/89 Commission v Germany [1991] ECR I-883

C-87/89 Sonito v Commission [1990] ECR I-1981

C-96/89 Commission v Netherlands [1991] ECR I-2461

C-104/89 and C-37/90 Mulder v Council and Commission (‘Mulder II’) [1992] ECR I-3061

C-106/89 Marleasing SA v La Comercial Internacionale de Alimentacion SA [1990] ECR I-4135

C-188/89 Foster v British Gas [1990] ECR I-3313

C-189/89 Spagl v Hauptzollamt Rosenheim [1990] ECR I-4539

C-213/89 R v Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte Factortame [1990] ECR 2433

C-260/89 Elliniki Radiophonia Tiléorassi AE (ERT) v Dimotiki (DEP) (‘ERT’) [1991] ECR I-2925

C-300/89 Commission v Council (‘Titanium Dioxide’) [1991] ECR I-2867

C-309/89 Codorníu SA v Council [1994] ECR I-1853

C-358/89 Extramet Industrie SA v Council [1991] ECR I-2501

C-6 and 9/90 Francovich and Bonifaci v Italy [1991] ECR I-5537

C-65/90 Parliament v Council (‘Cabotage II’) [1992] ECR I-4593

C-159/90 Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child (SPUC) v Grogan [1991] ECR I-4685

C-208/90 Emmott v Minister for Social Welfare [1991] ECR I-4269

C-269/90 Technische Universität München [1991] ECR I-5469

C-295/90 Parliament v Council [1992] ECR I-4193

C-30/91 P Lestelle v Commission [1992] ECR I-3755

C-88/91 Federconsorzi v AIMA [1992] ECR I-4035

C-155/91 Commission v Council (‘Framework Directive on Waste’) [1993] ECR I-939

C-168/91 Konstantinidis v Stadt Altemsteig [1993] ECR I-1191

C-271/91 Marshall v Southampton and South-West Hampshire AHA (‘Marshall II’) [1993] ECR I-4367

C-338/91 Steenhorst-Neerings v Bestuur van de Bedrijfsvereniging voor Detailhandel [1993] ECR I-5475

C-2/92 R v Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex parte Bostock [1994] ECR I-955

C-11/92 R v Secretary of State for Health, ex parte Gallaher Ltd [1993] ECR I-3545

C-24/92 Corbiau v Administration des Contributions [1993] ECR I-1277

C-91/92 Faccini Dori v Recreb [1994] ECR I-3325

C-137/92 P Commission v BASF [1994] ECR I-2555

C-188/92 TWD Textilwerke Deggendorf v Germany [1994] ECR I-833

C-334/92 Wagner-Miret v Fondo de Garantia Salarial [1993] ECR I-6911

C-364/92 SAT Fluggesellschaft v Eurocontrol [1994] ECR I-43

C-410/92 Johnson v Chief Adjudication Officer [1994] ECR I-5483

C-24 and 48/93 Brasserie du Pêcheur/Factortame III [1996] ECR I-1029

C-39/93 P SFEI v Commission [1994] ECR I-2681

C-65/93 Parliament v Council [1995] ECR I-643

C-151/93 Voogd Vleesimport en -export [1994] ECR I-4915

C-312/93 Peterbroeck v Belgium [1995] ECR I-4599

C-316/93 Vaneetveld v Le Foyer [1994] ECR I-763

C-392/93 R v HM Treasury ex parte British Telecommunications plc [1996] ECR I-1631

C-412/93 Leclerc-Siplec v TF1 Publicité and M6 Publicité [1995] ECR I-179

C-417/93 Parliament v Council [1995] ECR I-1185

C-430 to 431/93 Van Schijndel v Stichting Pensioenfonds [1995] ECR I-4705

C-465/93 Atlanta Fruchthandelsgesellschaft [1995] ECR I-3761

C-479/93 Francovich v Italy (‘Francovich II’) [1996] ECR I-3843

T-450/93 Lisrestal v Commission [1994] ECR II-1177

T-481 and 484/93 Vereniging van Exporteurs in Levende Varkens v Commission [1995] ECR II-2941

T-585/93 Greenpeace and others v Commission [1995] ECR II-2205

C-5/94 R v Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food ex parte Hedley Lomas [1996] ECR I-2553

C-25/94 Commission v Council [1996] ECR I-1469

C-58/94 Netherlands v Council [1996] ECR I-2169

C-68/94 and 30/95 France and others v Commission (Kali and Salz) [1998] ECR I-1375

C-111/94 Job Centre Coop ARL [1995] ECR I-3361

C-129/94 Ruiz Bernáldez [1996] ECR I-1829

C-178, C-179, C-188 to C-190/94 Dillenkofer and others v Germany [1996] ECR I-4845

C-194/94 CIA Security International v Signalson and Securitel [1996] ECR I-2201

C-233/94 Germany v European Parliament and Council (Deposit Guarantee Directive) [1997] ECR I-2405

C-283, 291 and 292/94 Denkavit International and others v Bundesamt für Finanzen [1996] ECR I-5063

C-284/94 Spain v Council [1998] ECR I-7309

T-100/94 Michailidis v Commission [1998] ECR II-3115

T-115/94 Opel Austria v Council [1997] ECR II-39

T-162/94 NMB France v Commission [1996] ECR II-427

T-167/94 Nölle v Council [1995] ECR II-2589

T-168/94 Blackspur DIY v Council and Commission [1995] ECR II-2627

T-298/94 Roquette Frères v Council [1996] ECR II-1531

T-346/94 France Aviation v Commission [1995] ECR II-2843

C-11/95 Commission v Belgium [1996] ECR I-4115

C-32/95 P Commission v Lisrestal [1996] ECR I-5375

C-51/95 Unifruit Hellas v Commission [1997] ECR I-727

C-72/95 Aanemersbedrijf P. K. Kraaijeveld v Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Hooland [1996] ECR I-5403

C-168/95 Arcaro [1996] ECR I-4705

C-181/95 Biogen v Smithkline Beecham [1996] ECR I-717

C-185/95 P Baustahlgewerbe v Commission [1998] ECR I-8417

C-265/95 Commission v France (‘Spanish Strawberries’) [1997] ECR I-6959

C-299/95 Kremzow v Austria [1997] ECR I-2629

C-321/95 P Greenpeace and others v Commission [1998] ECR I-1651

C-334/95 Krüger v Hauptzollamt Hamburg-Jonas [1997] ECR I-4517

C-338/95 Wiener v Hauptzollamt Emmerich [1997] ECR I-6495

C-388/95 Belgium v Spain [2000] ECR I-3123

C-392/95 Parliament v Council [1997] ECR I-3213

C-408/95 Eurotunnel SA v Sea France [1997] ECR I-6315

T-194/95 Carvel and Guardian v Council [1995] ECR II-2765

C-15/96 Schöning-Kougebetopoulou [1998] ECR I-47

C-53/96 Hermès International v FHT [1998] ECR I-3603

C-54/96 Dorsch v Bundesbaugesellschaft Berlin [1997] ECR I-4961

C-162/96 Racke [1998] ECR I-3655

C-309/96 Annibaldi v Sindaco del Comune di Guidonia [1997] ECR I-7493

C-416/96 El Yassini v Secretary of State for the Home Department [1999] ECR I-1209

T-42/96 Eyckeler and Malt v Commission [1998] ECR II-401

T-124/96 Interporc v Commission [1998] ECR II-231

C-42/97 Parliament v Council (‘Linguistic Diversity in the Information Society’) [1999] ECR I-869

C-185/97 Coote v Granada Hospitality [1998] ECR I-5199

C-226/97 Lemmens [1998] ECR I-3711

C-247/97 Schoonbroodt [1998] ECR I-8095

C-387/97 Commission v Greece (Waste Disposal: Kouroupitos) [2000] ECR I-5047

C-435/97 WWF v Autonome Provinz Bozen [1999] ECR I-5613

C-110/98 to C-147/98 Gabalfrisa [2000] ECR I-1577

C-240/98 to 244/98 Océano Grupo Editorial v Rocio Murciano Quintero [2000] ECR I-4491

C-300/98 & C-302/98 Parfums Christian Dior v Tuk Consultancy [2000] ECR I-11307

C-352/98 P Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques Bergaderm v Commission [2000] ECR I-5291

C-377/98 Netherlands v European Parliament and Council (‘Biotechnology Directive’) [2001] ECR I-7079

C-379/98 PreussenElektra [2001] ECR I-2099

C-443/98 Unilever Italia SpA v Central Food SpA [2000] ECR I-7535

C-456/98 Centrosteel v Adipol [2000] ECR I-6007

C-462/98 P Mediocurso v Commission [2000] ECR I-7183

T-14/98 Hautala v Council [1999] ECR II-2489

T-38/98 Associazione Nazionale Bieticoltori v Council [1998] ECR II-4191

T-178/98 Fresh Marine v Commission [2000] ECR II-3331

C-159/99 Commission v Italy [2001] ECR I-4007

C-173/99 R v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry ex parte BECTU [2001] ECR I-4881

C-178/99 Salzmann [2001] ECR I-4421

C-313/99 Mulgan et al [2002] ECR I-5719

C-353/99 P Council v Hautala [2001] ECR I-9565

C-439/99 Commission v Italy (‘Trade Fairs’) [2002] ECR I-305

C-516/99 Schmid [2002] ECR I-4573

T-13/99 Pfizer Animal Health v Council [2002] ECR II-3305

T-54/99 max.mobil v Commission [2002] ECR II-313

T-222/99, T-327/99 and T-329/99 Martinez and others v Parliament [2001] ECR II-2823

C-1/00 Commission v France (‘BSE’) [2001] ECR I-9989

C-17/00 De Coster v Collège des Bourgmestre et Échevins de Watermael-Boitsfort [2001] ECR I-9445

C-50/00 P Union de Pequeños Agricultores v Council [2002] ECR I-6677

C-92/00 HI v Stadt Wien [2002] ECR I-5553

C-94/00 Roquette Frères v Directeur général de la Concurrence, de la Consommation et de la Répression des frauds [2002] ECR I-9011

C-99/00 Lyckeskog [2002] ECR I-4839

C-112/00 Schmidberger v Austria [2003] ECR I-5659

C-129/00 Commission v Italy [2003] ECR I-14637

C-182/00 Lutz [2002] ECR I-547

C-204 and 205/00 P, C-211/00 P, C-213/00 P, C-217/00 P and C-219/00 P Aalborg Portland v Commission (‘Cement’) [2004] ECR I-123

C-453/00 Kühne and Heitz v Productschap voor Pluimvee en Eieren [2004] ECR I-837

C-465/00, C-138/01 and C-139/01 Österreichischer Rundfunk [2003] ECR I-4919

T-111/00 British American Tobacco v Commission [2001] ECR II-2997

T-211/00 Kuijer v Council [2002] ECR II-485

T-353/00 Le Pen v Parliament [2003] ECR II-1729

C-76/01 P Eurocoton and others v Council [2003] ECR I-10091

C-101/01 Lindqvist [2003] ECR I-12971

C-109/01 Akrich [2003] ECR I-9607

C-117/01 KB v National Health Service Pensions Agency [2004] ECR I-541

C-167/01 Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam v Inspire Art [2003] ECR I-10195

C-187/01 and C-385/01 Gözütok and Brügge [2003] ECR I-1345

C-189/01 Jippes and others v Minister van Landbouw, Natuurbeheer en Visserij [2001] ECR I-5689

C-224/01 Köbler v Austria [2003] ECR I-10239

C-245/01 RTL v Niedersächsische Landesmedienanstalt für privaten Rundfunk [2003] ECR I-12489

C-276/01 Steffensen [2003] ECR I-3735

C-338/01 Commission v Council (‘Recovery of Indirect Taxes’) [2004] ECR I-4829

C-341/01 Plato Plastik v Caropack [2004] ECR I-4883

C-353/01 P Mattila v Council and Commission [2004] ECR I-1073

C-397 to 403/01 Pfeiffer and others v Deutsches Rotes Kreuz [2004] ECR I-8835

C-486/01 P Front National v European Parliament [2004] ECR I-6289

C-491/01 R v Secretary of State for Health ex parte British American Tobacco (Investments) and Imperial Tobacco [2002] ECR I-11453

T-64/01 & T-65/01 Afrikanische Fruchtcompanie v Council, [2004] ECR II-521

T-177/01 Jégo-Quéré v Commission [2002] ECR II-2365

T-198/01 Technische Glaswerke Ilmenau v Commission, judgment of 8 July 2004

C-36/02 Omega Spielhallen- und Automatenaufstellungs v Oberbürgermeisterin der Bundesstadt Bonn [2004] ECR I-9609

C-71/02 Karner v Troostwijk [2004] ECR I-3025

C-110/02 Commission v Council [2004] ECR I-6333

C-141/02 P Commission v T-Mobile [2005] ECR I-1283

C-263/02 P Commission v Jégo-Quéré [2004] ECR I-3425

C-304/02 Commission v France, judgment of 12 July 2005

C-309/02 Radlberger Getränkegesellschaft v Land Baden-Württemberg [2004] ECR I-11763

C-350/02 Commission v Netherlands [2004] ECR I-6213

C-365/02 Lindfors [2004] ECR I-7183

C-387/02, C-391/02 and C-403/02 Berlusconi and others [2005] ECR I-3565

C-434/02 André v Landrat des Kreises Herford [2004] ECR I-11825

T-168/02 IFAW Internationaler Tierschutz-Fonds v Commission [2004], judgment of 30 November 2004

C-6/03 Deponiezweckverband Eiterköpfe [2005] ECR I-2753

C-12/03 P Commission v Tetra Laval [2005] ECR I-987

C-33/03 Commission v United Kingdom [2005] ECR I-1865

C-51/03 Georgescu [2004] ECR I-3203

C-53/03 Syfait and Others v GlaxoSmithKline AEVE [2005] ECR I-4609

C-105/03 Pupino, judgment of 16 June 2005

C-160/03 Spain v Eurojust [2004] ECR I-2077

C-170/03 Feron [2005] ECR I-2299

C-176/03 Commission v Council (Environmental Crimes), judgment of 13 September 2005

C-226/03 P Jose Marti Peix v Commission [2004] ECR I-11421

C-443/03 Leffler v Berlin Chemie, judgment of 8 November 2005

C-469/03 Miraglia, judgement of 10 March 2005

T-2/03 Verein für Konsumenteninformation v Commission, judgment of 13 April 2005

T-84/03 Turco v Council, judgment of 23 November 2004

C-27/04 Commission v Council (‘Stability and Growth Pact’) [2004] ECR I-6649

C-125/04 Denuit and Cordonier [2005] ECR I-923

C-154/04 and C-155/04 R v Secretary of State for Health ex parte Alliance for Natural Health, judgment of 12 July 2005

C-212/04 Adeneler v Ellinikos Organismos Galaktos, Opinion of 27 October 2005

C-328/04 Vajnai (Order) [2004] OJ C262/27

Opinion 1/75 Re Understanding on a Local Costs Standard [1975] ECR 1355

Opinion 1/91 Re European Economic Area [1991] ECR I-6079

Opinion 2/94 Re Accession of the Community to the European Human Rights Convention [1996] ECR I-1759

European Court of Justice and Court of First Instance: cases in alphabetical order by party or common title

Aalborg Portland v Commission (‘Cement’) [2004] ECR I-123 (Cases C-204 and 205/00 P, C-211/00 P, C-213/00 P, C-217/00 P and C-219/00 P)

Aanemersbedrijf P. K. Kraaijeveld v Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Hooland [1996] ECR I-5403 (Case C-72/95)

ADBHU [1985] ECR 531 (Case 240/83)

Adeneler v Ellinikos Organismos Galaktos, Opinion of 27 October 2005 (Case C-212/04)

Afrikanische Fruchtcompanie v Council, [2004] ECR II-521 (Cases T-64/01 and T-65/01)

Akrich [2003] ECR I-9607 (Case C-109/01)

Aktien-Zuckerfabrik Schöppenstedt v Council [1971] ECR 975 (Case 5/71)

AKZO v Commission [1986] ECR 2585 (Case 5/85)

Al-Jubail v Council [1991] ECR I-3187 (Case 49/88)

Alliance for Natural Health (R v Secretary of State for Health ex parte Alliance for Natural Health), judgment of 12 July 2005 (Case C-154/04 and C-155/04)

Alliance for Natural Health (R v Secretary of State for Health ex parte Alliance for Natural Health), Opinion of Advocate General Geelhoed of 5 April 2005 (Cases C-154/04 and C-155/04)

Allied Corporation and others v Commission [1984] ECR 1005 (Case 239 and 275/82)

AM & S Europe Ltd v Commission [1982] ECR 1575 (Case 155/79)

Annibaldi v Sindaco del Comune di Guidonia [1997] ECR I-7493 (Case C-309/96)

Arcaro [1996] ECR I-4705 (Case C-168/95)

Associazione Nazionale Bieticoltori v Council [1998] ECR II-4191 (Case T-38/98)

Atlanta Fruchthandelsgesellschaft [1995] ECR I-3761 (Case C-465/93)

BASF (Commission v BASF) [1994] ECR I-2555 (Case C-137/92 P)

Baustahlgewerbe v Commission [1998] ECR I-8417 (Case C-185/95 P)

Becker v Finanzamt Münster-Innenstadt [1982] ECR 53 (Case 8/81)

BECTU (R v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry ex parte BECTU) [2001] ECR I-4881 (Case C-173/99)

Belgium v Spain (Wines: Appellation of Origin) [2000] ECR I-3123 (Case C-388/95)

Benedetti v Munari [1977] ECR 163 (Case 52/76)

Berlusconi and others [2005] ECR I-3565 (Cases C-387/02, C-391/02 and C-403/02)

Biogen v Smithkline Beecham [1996] ECR I-717 (Case C-181/95)

Biotechnology Directive Case [2001] ECR I-7079 (Case C-377/98)

Blackspur DIY v Council and Commission [1995] ECR II-2627 (Case T-168/94)

Blaizot v Belgium [1988] ECR 379 (Case 24/86)

Borker [1980] ECR 1975 (Case 130/80)

Bostock (R v Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex parte Bostock) [1994] ECR I-955

Bouchereau (R v Bouchereau) [1979] ECR 1999 (Case 30/77)

Brasserie du Pêcheur/Factortame III [1996] ECR I-1029 (Cases C-24 and 48/93)

British American Tobacco v Commission [2001] ECR II-2997 (Case T-111/00)

British American Tobacco/Imperial Tobacco (R v Secretary of State for Health ex parte British American Tobacco (Investments) and Imperial Tobacco) [2002] ECR I-11453 (Case C-491/01)

British Telecommunications (R v HM Treasury, ex parte British Telecommunications plc) [1996] ECR I-1631 (Case C-392/93)

Broeckmeulen v Huisarts Registratie Commissie [1981] ECR 2311 (Case 246/80)

Cabotage II (Parliament v Council) [1992] ECR I-4593 (Case C-65/90)

Calpak and Others v Commission [1980] ECR 1949 (Cases 789 and 790/79)

Carvel and Guardian v Council [1995] ECR II-2765 (Case T-194/95)

Centrosteel v Adipol [2000] ECR I-6007 (Case C-456/98)

Chernobyl (European Parliament v Council) [1990] ECR I-2041 (Case 70/88)

CIA Security International v Signalson and Securitel [1996] ECR I-2201 (Case C-194/94)

CILFIT v Ministry of Health [1982] ECR 341 (Case 283/81)

Cinéthèque v Fédération Nationale des Cinémas Français (‘Cinéthèque’) [1985] ECR 2605 (Cases 60 and 61/84)

Codorníu SA v Council [1994] ECR I-1853 (Case C-309/89)

Cofaz v Commission [1986] ECR 391 (Case 169/84)

Comet BV v Produktschap voor Siergewassen [1976] ECR 2043 (Case 45/76)

Comitology (European Parliament v Council) [1988] ECR 5615 (Case 302/87)

Commission v Belgium (Protection of Ground Water) [1987] ECR 2797 (Case 1/86)

Commission v Belgium (Taxation: Wood) [1970] ECR 237 (Case 77/69)

Commission v Belgium (Tansmission of Programmes by Cable) [1996] ECR I-4115 (Case C-11/95)

Commission v Belgium (University Fees) [1988] ECR 305 (access to university vocational training) (Case 293/85)

Commission v Council (Community Competence: FAO Fisheries Agreement) [1996] ECR I-1469 (Case C-25/94)

Commission v Council (Recovery of Indirect Taxes) [2004] ECR I-4829 (Case C-338/01)

Commission v Council (Stability and Growth Pact) [2004] ECR I-6649 (Case C-27/04)

Commission v Council (State aids: Portuguese Pig Farmers) [2004] ECR I-6333 (Case C-110/02)

Commission v Council (Titanium Dioxide) [1991] ECR I-2867 (Case C-300/89)

Commission v Denmark (Measuring Instruments) [1982] ECR 4547 (Case 211/81)

Commission v France (BSE) [2001] ECR I-9989 (Case C-1/00)

Commission v France (Fisheries Conservation) [1991] ECR I-272 (Case 64/88)

Commission v France (Non-compliance with Judgment), judgment of 12 July 2005 (Case C-304/02)

Commission v France (Spanish Strawberries) [1997] ECR I-6959 (Case C-265/95)

Commission v Germany (Conservation of Wild Birds) [1991] ECR I-883 (Case C-57/89)

Commission v Germany (Migrant Workers) [1989] ECR 1263 (Case 249/86)

Commission v Greece (Burden of Proof) [1989] ECR 2965 (Case 68/88)

Commission v Greece (Waste Disposal: Kouroupitos) [2000] ECR I-5047 (Case C-387/97)

Commission v Italy (Conservation of Wild Birds) [2001] ECR I-4007 (Case C-159/99)

Commission v Italy (Insolvency, Protection of Workers) [1989] ECR 143 (Case 22/87)

Commission v Italy (Premiums for Slaughtering Cows) [1973] ECR 101 (Case 39/72)

Commission v Italy (Rules of Evidence Relating to Passing on of Charges for Breach of Community Rules) [2003] ECR I-14637 (Case C-129/00)

Commission v Italy (Standstill Obligation) [1961] ECR 317 (Case 7/61)

Commission v Italy (Trade Fairs) [2002] ECR I-305 (Case C-439/99)

Commission v Italy (Turnover Tax on Wool) [1970] ECR 111 (Case 7/69)

Commission v Lisrestal [1996] ECR I-5375 (Case C-32/95 P)

Commission v Netherlands (Own Resources: Manioc from Thailand) [1991] ECR I-2461 Case C-96/89

Commission v Netherlands (Protection of Privacy in Electronic Communications Sector) [2004] ECR I-6213 (Case C-350/02)

Commission v T-Mobile [2005] ECR I-1283 (Case C-141/02 P)

Commission v Tetra Laval [2005] ECR I-987 (Case C-12/03 P)

Commission v United Kingdom (Conservation Measures) [1981] ECR 1045 (Case 804/79)

Commission v United Kingdom (Dim-Dip Lighting Devices) [1988] ECR 3921 (Case 60/86)

Commission v United Kingdom (Failure to Implement Regulation 1463/70 on Recording Equipment in Road Transport) [1978] ECR 2429 (Case 128/78)

Commission v United Kingdom (VAT: Sixth Directive) [1988] ECR 3127 (Case 416/85)

Commission v United Kingdom (VAT on Road Fuel) [2005] ECR I-1865 (Case C-33/03)

Consten and Grundig v Commission [1966] ECR 299 (Cases 56 & 58/64)

Coote v Granada Hospitality [1998] ECR I-5199 (Case C-185/97)

Corbiau v Administration des Contributions [1993] ECR I-1277 (Casae C-24/92)

Costa v ENEL [1964] ECR 585 (Case 6/64)

Da Costa [1963] ECR 37 (Cases 28-30/62)

De Coster v Collège des bourgmestre et échevins de Watermael-Boitsfort [2001] ECR I-9445 (Case C-17/00)

Defrenne v Sabena [1976] ECR 455 (Case 43/75)

Defrenne II [1978] ECR 1365 (Case 149/77)

Demirel v Stadt Schwabisch Gmund [1987] ECR 3719 (Case 12/86)

Denkavit International and others v Bundesamt für Finanzen (Cases C-283, 291 and 292/94) [1996] ECR I-5063

Denuit and Cordonier [2005] ECR I-923 (Case C-125/04)

Deponiezweckverband Eiterköpfe [2005] ECR I-2753 (Case C-6/03)

Deposit Guarantees Directive (Germany v European Parliament and Council) [1997] ECR I-2405 (Case C-233/94)

Dillenkofer and others v Germany [1996] ECR I-4845 (Cases C-178, C-178.9 and C-188 to C-190/94)

Donckerwolcke v Procureur de la République [1976] ECR 1921 (Case 41/76)

Dorsch v Bundesbaugesellschaft Berlin [1997] ECR I-4961 (Case C-54/96)

Dumortier Frères v Council [1979] ECR 3091 (Cases 64 and 113/76, 167 and 239/78)

Dzodzi v Belgium [1990] ECR I-3673 (Cases 297/88 and C-197/89)

Eau de Cologne v Provide [1989] ECR 3891 (Case 150/88)

El Yassini v Secretary of State for the Home Department [1999] ECR I-1209 (Case C-416/96)

Emmott v Minister for Social Welfare [1991] ECR I-4269 (Case C-208/90)

ENKA v Inspecteur der Invoerrechten [1977] ECR 2203 (Case 38/77)

Environmental Crimes (Commission v Council), judgment of 13 September 2005 (Case C-176/03)

Eridania [1979] ECR 2749 (Case 230/78)

ERT (Elliniki Radiophonia Tiléorassi AE (ERT) v Dimotiki (DEP)) [1991] ECR I-2925 (Case C-260/89)

ERTA (Commission v Council) [1971] ECR 263 (Case 22/70)

Eurocontrol (SAT Fluggesellschaft v Eurocontrol) [1994] ECR I-43 (Case C-364/92)

Eurocoton and others v Council [2003] ECR I-10091 (Case C-76/01 P)

Eurotunnel SA v Sea France [1997] ECR I-6315 (Case C-408/95)

Extramet Industrie SA v Council [1991] ECR I-2501 (Case C-358/89)

Eyckeler and Malt v Commission [1998] ECR II-401 (Case T-42/96)

Faccini Dori v Recreb [1994] ECR I-3325 (Case C-91/92)

Factortame III/Brasserie du Pêcheur [1996] ECR I-1029 (Cases C-24 and 48/93)

Factortame (R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame) [1990] ECR 2433 (Case C-213/89)

Federconsorzi v AIMA [1992] ECR I-4035 (Case C-88/91)

Fedesa (R v Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food ex parte Fedesa) [1990] I-4023 (Case 331/88)

Feron [2005] ECR I-2299 (Case C-170/03)

Foglia v Novello (No. 1) [1980] ECR 745 (Case 104/79)

Foglia v Novello (No. 2) [1981] ECR 3045 (Case 244/80)

Foster v British Gas [1990] ECR I-3313 (Case C-188/89)

Fotofrost (Firma Fotofrost v Hauptzollamt Lübeck-Ost) [1987] ECR 4199 (Case 314/85)

Framework Directive on Waste (Commission v Council) [1993] ECR I-939 (Case C-155/91)

France v United Kingdom (Fishery Conservation) [1979] ECR 2923 (Case 141/78)

France Aviation v Commission [1995] ECR II-2843 (Case T-346/94)

Francovich and Bonifaci v Italy [1991] ECR I-5537 (Cases C-6 and 9/90)

Francovitch II (Francovich v Italy) [1996] ECR I-3843 (Case C-479/93)

Fratelli Constanzo v Milano [1989] ECR 1839 (Case 103/88)

Fresh Marine v Commission [2000] ECR II-3331 (Case T-178/98)

Front National v European Parliament [2004] ECR I-6289 (Case C-486/01 P)

Gabalfrisa [2000] ECR I-1577 (Cases C-110/98 to C-147/98)

Gallaher (R v Secretary of State for Health ex parte Gallaher Ltd) [1993] ECR I-3545 (Case C-11/92)

Geitling v High Authority [1960] ECR 423 (Cases 36, 37, 38 and 40/59)

Georgescu [2004] ECR I-3203 (Case C-51/03)

Germany v Commission [1963] ECR 63 (Case 24/62)

Germany v European Parliament and Council (Deposit Guarantee Directive) [1997] ECR I-2405 (Case C-233/94)

Germany v Parliament and Council (Tobacco Advertising) [2000] ECR I-8419 (Case C-376/98)

Germany and others v Commission (Migration Policy) [1987] ECR 3203 (Cases 281, 283–5 and 287/85)

Giuffrida v Commission [1976] ECR 1395 (Case 105/75)

Gondrand Frères (Administration des Douanes v Gondrand Frères) [1981] ECR 1931 (Case 169/80)

Gözütok and Brügge [2003] ECR I-1345 (Cases C-187/01 and C-385/01)

Greenpeace and others v Commission [1995] ECR II-2205 (Case T-585/93)

Greenpeace and others v Commission [1998] ECR I-1651 (Case C-321/95 P)

Grimaldi v Fonds des Maladies Professionelles [1989] ECR 4407 (Case 322/88)

Haegeman v Commission [1972] ECR 1005 (Case 96/71)

Hansen [1990] ECR I-2911 (Case 326/88)

Hauer [1979] ECR 3727 (Case 44/79)

Hautala v Council [1999] ECR II-2489 (Case T-14/98)

Hautala (Council v Hautala) [2001] ECR I-9565 (Case C-353/99 P)

Hedley Lomas (R v Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food ex parte Hedley Lomas) [1996] ECR I-2553 (Case C-5/94)

Hermès International v FHT [1998] ECR I-3603 (Case C-53/96)

HI v Stadt Wien [2002] ECR I-5553 (Case C-92/00)

HNL v Council and Commission [1987] ECR 1209 (Cases 83 and 94/76, 4, 15 and 40/77)

Hoekstra v Bedrijfsvereniging Detailhandel [1964] ECR 177 (Casae 75/63)

Hoffmann-La Roche & Co AG v Commission [1979] ECR 461 (85/76)

IBM v Commission [1981] ECR 2639 (Case 60/81)

IFAW Internationaler Tierschutz-Fonds v Commission [2004], judgment of 30 November 2004 (Case T-168/02)

Inspire Art (Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam v Inspire Art) [2003] ECR I-10195 (Case C-167/01)

International Chemical Corporation (ICC) v Amministrazione Finanze [1981] ECR 1191 (Case 66/80)

International Fruit Company v Commission [1971] ECR 411 (Cases 41-44/70)

International Fruit Company v Produktschap voor Groenten en Fruit [1972] ECR 1226 (Cases 21-24/72)

Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v Einfuhr- und Vorratstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel (Solange I) [1970] ECR 1125 (Case 11/70)

Interporc v Commission [1998] ECR II-231 (Case T-124/96)

Jégo-Quéré v Commission [2002] ECR II-2365 (Case T-177/01)

Jégo-Quéré (Commission v Jégo-Quéré) [2004] ECR I-3425 (Case C-263/02 P)

Jippes and others v Minister van Landbouw, Natuurbeheer en Visserij [2001] ECR I-5689 (Case C-189/01)

Job Centre Coop ARL [1995] ECR I-3361 (Case C-111/94)

Johnson v Chief Adjudication Officer [1994] ECR I-5483 (Case C-410/92)

Johnston v RUC [1986] ECR 1651 (Case 222/84)

Jose Marti Peix v Commission [2004] ECR I-11421 (Case C-226/03)

Kali and Salz (France and others v Commission) [1998] ECR I-1375 (Cases C-68/94 and C-30/95)

Karner v Troostwijk [2004] ECR I-3025 (Case C-71/02)

KB v National Health Service Pensions Agency [2004] ECR I-541 (Case C-117/01)

Klensch v Sécrétaire d’Etat [1986] ECR 3477 (Cases 201-2/85)

Köbler v Austria [2003] ECR I-10239 (Case C-224/01)

Kolpinghuis Nijmegen [1987] ECR 3969 (Case 80/86)

Konstantinidis v Stadt Altemsteig [1993] ECR I-1191 (Case C-168/91)

Kremzow v Austria [1997] ECR I-2629 (Case C-299/95)

Krüger v Hauptzollamt Hamburg-Jonas [1997] ECR I-4517 (Case C-334/95)

Kühne and Heitz v Productschap voor Pluimvee en Eieren [2004] ECR I-837 (Case C-453/00)

Kuijer v Council [2002] ECR II-485 (Case T-211/00)

Kupferberg [1982] ECR 3641 (Case 104/81)

Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques Bergaderm v Commission [2000] ECR I-5291 (Case C-352/98 P)

Le Pen v Parliament [2003] ECR II-1729 (Case T-353/00)

Leclerc-Siplec v TF1 Publicité and M6 Publicité [1995] ECR I-179 (Case C-412/93)

Leffler v Berlin Chemie, judgment of 8 November 2005 (Case C-443/03)

Lemmens [1998] ECR I-3711 (Cases C-226/97)

Leonesio v Italian Ministry of Agriculture [1972] ECR 293 (Case 5/71)

Lestelle v Commission [1992] ECR I-3755 (Case C-30/91 P)

Lindfors [2004] ECR I-7183 (Case C-365/02)

Lindqvist [2003] ECR I-12971 (Case C-101/01)

Lisrestal v Commission [1994] ECR II-1177 (Case T-450/93)

Lisrestal (Commission v Lisrestal) [1996] ECR I-5375 (Case C-32/95 P)

Lütticke v Commission [1966] ECR 19 (Case 48/65)

Lutz [2002] ECR I-547 (Case C-182/00)

Lyckeskog [2002] ECR I-4839 (Case C-99/00)

Marleasing SA v La Comercial Internacionale de Alimentacion SA [1990] ECR I-4135 (Case C-106/89)

Marshall v Southampton and SW Hampshire Area Health Authority [1986] ECR 723 (Case 152/84)

Marshall II (Marshall v Southampton and South-West Hampshire AHA) [1993] ECR I-4367 (Case C-271/91)

Martinez and others v Parliament [2001] ECR II-2823 (Cases T-222/99, T-327/99 and T-329/99)

Massey Ferguson (Haupzollamt Bremerhaven v Massey Ferguson) [1973] ECR 897 (Case 5/71)

Mattila v Council and Commission [2004] ECR I-1073 (Case C-353/01)

max.mobil v Commission [2002] ECR II-313 (Case T-54/99)

Mediocurso v Commission [2000] ECR I-7183 (Case C-462/98 P)

Meroni v High Authority [1957-58] English Special Edition 133 (Case 9/56)

Metro SB-Gromärkte GmbH & Co KG v Commission (No. 1) [1977] ECR 1875 (Case 26/76)

Michailidis v Commission [1998] ECR II-3115 (Case T-100/94)

Miraglia, judgment of 10 March 2005 (Case C-469/03)

Mulder v Minister van Landbouw en Visserij [1988] ECR 2321 (Case 120/86)

Mulder II (Mulder v Council and Commission) [1992] ECR I-3061 (Cases C-104/89 and C-37/90)

Mulgan et al [2002] ECR I-5719 (Case C-313/99)

National Panasonic [1980] ECR 2033 (Case 136/79)

Netherlands v Council (Public Access to Council documents) [1996] ECR I-2169 (Case 58/94)

Netherlands v European Parliament and Council (Biotechnology Directive) [2001] ECR I-7079 (Case C-377/98)

NMB France v Commission [1996] ECR II-427 (Case T-162/94)

Nold v Commission [1974] ECR 491 (Case 4/73)

Nölle v Council [1995] ECR II-2589 (Case T-167/94)

Nordsee Deutsche Hochseefischerei v Reederei Mond Hochseefischerei [1982] ECR 1095 (Case 102/81)

Océano Grupo Editorial v Rocio Murciano Quintero [2000] ECR I-4491 (Cases C-240 to 244/98)

Omega Spielhallen- und Automatenaufstellungs v Oberbürgermeisterin der Bundesstadt Bonn [2004] ECR I-9609 (Case C-36/02)

Opel Austria v Council [1997] ECR II-39 (Case T-115/94)

Opinion 1/75 Re Understanding on a Local Costs Standard [1975] ECR 1355

Opinion 1/91 Re European Economic Area [1991] ECR I-6079

Opinion 2/94 Re Accession of the Community to the European Human Rights Convention [1996] ECR I-1759

Orkem SA & Solvay [1989] ECR 3283 (Cases 374/87 and 27/88)

Österreichischer Rundfunk [2003] ECR I-4919 (Cases C-465/00, C-138/01 and C-139/01)

Pardini v Ministerio del Commercio con L’Estero [1988] ECR 2041 (Case 338/85)

Parfums Christian Dior v Tuk Consultancy [2000] ECR I-11307 (Cases C-300/98 & C-302/98)

Parliament v Council (Consultation with Parliament: Technical Assistance) [1995] ECR I-1185 (Case C-147/93)

Parliament v Council (Consultation with Parliament: Visas) [1997] ECR I-3213 (Case C-392/95)

Parliament v Council (Consultation with Parliament) [1995] ECR I-643 (Case C-65/93)

Parliament v Council (Linguistic Diversity in the Information Society) [1999] ECR I-869 (Case C-42/97)

Parliament v Council (Revision of Judgment) [1992] ECR I-4193 (Case C-295/90)

Parti Écologiste ‘Les Verts’ v European Parliament [1986] ECR 1339 (Case 294/83)

Peterbroeck v Belgium [1995] ECR I-4599 (Case C-312/93)

Pfeiffer and others v Deutsches Rotes Kreuz [2004] ECR I-8835 (Cases C-297 to 403/01)

Pfizer Animal Health v Council [2002] ECR II-3305 (Case T-13/99)

Piraiki-Patraiki v Commission [1985] ECR 207 (Case 11/82)

Plato Plastik v Caropack [2004] ECR I-4883 (Case C-341/01)

Plaumann & Co v Commission [1963] ECR 95 (Case 25/62)

Prais [1976] ECR 1589 (Case 130/75)

PreussenElektra [2001] ECR I-2099 (Case C-379/98)

Pupino, Judgment of 16 June 2005 (Case C-105/03)

R v HM Treasury ex parte British Telecommunications plc [1996] ECR I-1631 (Case C-392/93)

R v Kent Kirk [1984] ECR 2689 (Case 63/83)

Racke [1998] ECR I-3655 (Case C-162/96)

Radlberger Getränkegesellschaft v Land Baden-Württemberg [2004] ECR I-11763 (Case C-209/02)

Ratti (Ministero Pubblico v Ratti) [1979] ECR 1629 (Case 148/78)

Rau v Bundesanstalt für Landswirtschaftliche Marktordnung [1987] ECR 2289 (Cases 133-136/85)

Reina v Landeskreditbank Baden-Wurttemburg [1982] ECR 33 (Case 65/81)

Rewe-Zentralfinanz v Direktor der Landwirtschaftskammer Westfalen-Lippe [1973] ECR 1039 (Case 39/73)

Reyners v Belgium [1974] ECR 631 (Case 2/74)

Rheinmühlen-Düsseldorf v Einfuhr- und Vorratstelle für Getreide [1974] ECR 33 (Case 166/73)

Roquette Frères v Council [1980] ECR 3333 (Case 138/79)

Roquette Frères v Council [1996] ECR II-1531 (Case T-298/94)

Roquette Frères v Directeur général de la concurrence, de la consommation et de la répression des frauds [2002] ECR I-9011 (Case C-94/00)

RTL v Niedersächsische Landesmedienanstalt für privaten Rundfunk [2003] ECR I-12489 (Case C-245/01)

Ruiz Bernáldez [1996] ECR I-1829 (Case C-129/94)

Rutili v Ministre de l’Intérieur [1975] ECR 1219 (Case 36/75)

Salzmann [2001] ECR I-4421 (Case C-178/99)

SAT Fluggesellschaft v Eurocontrol [1994] ECR I-43 (Case C-364/92)

Schmid [2002] ECR I-4573 (Case C-516/99)

Schmidberger v Austria [2003] ECR I-5659 (Case C-112/00)

Schöning-Kougebetopoulou [1998] ECR I-47 (Case C-15/96)

Schoonbroodt [1998] ECR I-8095 (Case C-247/97)

SFEI v Commission [1994] ECR I-2681 (Case C-39/93 P)

Sgarlata v Commission [1965] ECR 215 (Case 40/64)

Simmenthal v Italian Finance Administration [1978] ECR 1453 (Case 70/77)

Simmenthal (Italian Finance Administration v Simmenthal) [1978] ECR 629 (Case 106/77)

SNUPAT v High Authority [1961] ECR 109 (Cases 42 & 49/59)

Sodemare v Regione Lombardia [1997] ECR I-3395 (Casae C-70/95) 2

Sofrimport v Commission [1990] ECR I-2477 (Case 152/88)

Sonito v Commission [1990] ECR I-1981 (Case C-87/89)

Spagl v Hauptzollamt Rosenheim [1990] ECR I-4539 (Case C-189/89)

Spain v Council (toys from China) [1998] ECR I-7309 (Case C-284/94)

Spain v Eurojust [2004] ECR I-2077 (Case C-160/03)

Spanish strawberries Case (Commission v France) [1997] ECR I-6959 (Case C-265/95)

SPI (Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v SPI) [1983] ECR 801 (Cases 267-269)

SPUC (Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child v Grogan) [1991] ECR I-4685 (Case 159/90)

Stability and Growth Pact (Commission v Council) [2004] ECR I-6649 (Case C-27/04)

Star Fruit v Commission [1989] ECR 291 (Case 247/87)

Stauder v City of Ulm [1969] ECR 419 (Case 29/69)

Steenhorst-Neerings v Bestuur van de Bedrijfsvereniging voor Detailhandel [1993] ECR I-5475 (Case C-338/91)

Steffensen [2003] ECR I-3735 (Case C-276/01)

Stork v High Authority [1959] ECR 17 (Case 1/58)

Syfait and Others v GlaxoSmithKline AEVE [2005] ECR I-4609 (Case C-53/03)

Technische Glaswerke Ilmenau v Commission, judgment of 8 July 2004 (Case T-198/01)

Technische Universität München [1991] ECR I-5469 (Case C-269/90)

Tetra Laval (Commission v Tetra Laval) [2005] ECR I-987 (Case C-12/03 P)

Timex v Commission [1985] ECR 849 (Case 264/82)

Torfaen BC v B & Q [1989] ECR 765 (Case 145/88)

Transocean Marine Paint v Commission [1974] ECR 1063 (Case 17/74)

Turco v Council, judgment of 23 November 2004 (Case T-84/03)

TWD Textilwerke Deggendorf v Germany [1994] ECR I-833 (Case C-188/92)

UNECTEF v Heylens [1987] ECR 4097 (Case 222/86)

Unifrex v Commission and Council [1984] ECR 1969 (Case 281/82)

Unifruit Hellas v Commission [1997] ECR I-727 (Case C-51/95)

Unilever Italia SpA v Central Food SpA [2000] ECR I-7535 (Case C-443/98)

Union de Pequeños Agricultores v Council [2002] ECR I-6677 (Case C-50/00 P)

Union Syndicale [1974] ECR 917 (Case 175/73)

United Kingdom v Council (Substances having a Hormonal Action) [1988] ECR 855 (Case 68/86)

Vajnai (Order), [2004] OJ C262/27 (Case C-328/04)

Van Duyn v Home Office [1974] ECR 1337 (Case 41/74)

Van Eick v Commission [1968] ECR 329 (Case 35/67)

Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen [1963] ECR 1 (Case 26/62)

Van Schijndel v Stichting Pensioenfonds (Cases C-430 to C-431/93) [1995] ECR I-4705

Vaneetveld v Le Foyer [1994] ECR I-763 (Case C-316/93)

Variola v Amministrazione delle Finanze [1973] ECR 981 (Case 34/73)

Verein für Konsumenteninformation v Commission, judgment of 13 April 2005 (Case T-2/03)

Vereniging van Exporteurs in Levende Varkens v Commission [1995] ECR II-2941 (Cases T-481 and 484/93)

Von Colson and Kamann v Land Nordrhein-Westfalen [1984] ECR 1891 (Case 14/83)

Voogd Vleesimport en -export [1994] ECR I-4915 (Case C-1151/93)

Wachauf v Germany [1989] ECR 2609 (Case 5/88)

Wagner-Miret v Fondo de Garantia Salarial [1993] ECR I-6911 (Case C-334/92)

waste disposal, Greece [2000] ECR I-5047 (Case C-387/97)

Waste, Framework Directive [1993] ECR I-939 (Case C-155/91)

Watson and Belmann [1976] ECR 1185 (Case 118/75)

Wiener v Hauptzollamt Emmerich [1997] ECR I-6495 (Case C-338/95)

WWF v Autonome Provinz Bozen [1999] ECR I-5613 (Case C-435/97)

Zaera v Institutio Nacionale de la Seguridad Social [1987] ECR 3697 (Case 126/86)

Zwartveld [1990] ECR I-3365 (Case 2/88)

National Courts

Austria

Köbler, Administrative Court decision of 24 June 1998

Belgium

Minister for Economic Affairs v Fromagerie ‘Le Ski’ [1972] CMLR 516

Benelux

Judgment of Benelux Gerichtshof of 24 June 2002

Denmark

Carlsen v Rasmussen [1999] 3 CMLR 854

European School v Hermans-Jacobs and Heuvelmans-Van Iersel (Case No 12/94) Journal des Tribunaux, 1994

Finland

Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of 20 March 2002

France

Administration des Contributions v Café Jaques Vabre [1975] 2 CMLR 336

Conseil d’Etat, Judgment of 28 July 2000 Schering-Plough Application No 205710

Lilia Milaja, Judgment of the Cour administrative d’appel de Nancy

Droit Administratif 2000 No. 208

Minister of the Interior v Cohn-Bendit [1980] 1 CMLR 543

Nicolo Case [1990] 1 CMLR 173

Re EU Constitutional Treaty and the French Constitution (French Constitutional Court) [2005] 1 CMLR 750

Re Treaty on European Union (Decision 92-308), JORF 1992, No 5354

Germany

Bananas Case

Brasserie du Pêcheur, final judgment of 20 January 2005 (BGH, 20 January 2005, III ZR 48/01)

Brunner v The European Union Treaty [1994] 1 CMLR 57

Internationale Handelsgesellschaft v Einfuhr- und Vorratstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel (Solange I) [1974] 2 CMLR 540

Judgment of the Bundesfinanzhof of 21 March 2002, Az VII R 35/01, RIW 2002, p 244

Judgment of the Bundesfinanzhof of 15 May 2002, Az I R 40/01, Der Betrieb 2002, p 1743

Judgment of the Bundesgerichtshof of 11 June 2002, I ZR 273/99 (Sportlernahrung) and I ZR 34/01 (Muskelaufbaupräparate)

Re Value Added Tax Directives [1982] 1 CMLR 527

Wünsche Handelsgesellschaft (Solange II) [1987] CMLR 225; (1986) BVerfGE 339

Hungary

Case 17/04 AB. Hat Constitutional Court of the Republic of Hungary

Judgment 30 of the Constitutional Court invalidating Article 62 of the 1994 Agreement between Hungary and the European Union, Judgment of 25 June 1998

Ireland

Attorney General v X [1992] 2 CMLR 277

Italy

Decision 183/1973 of 27 December 1973; [1974] 2 CMLR 372

Decision 135/2002 of 11 April 2002

Decision 7636/2002 of 29 May 2002; Foro Italiano (2002) I, Col 3090

Netherlands

Judgment of Hoge Raad of 25 July 2000, Belissingen in belastingzaken, 2000, 307

RTL/Veronica, Holland Media Group & CLT-UFA SA/Commissariaat voor de Media (2002) Rechtspraak Bestuursrecht 5

Poland

Polish Membership of the European Union (Accession Treaty) (Polish Constitutional Court), Judgment K18/04, 11 May 2005

Portugal

Judgment of the Supremo Tribunal Administrativo of 14 October 1999, Case 31355

Spain

Decision 292/2000 of 30 November 2000

Re EU Constitutional Treaty and the Spanish Constitution (Spanish Constitutional Court) [2005] 1 CMLR 981

Re Treaty on European Union [1994] 3 CMLR 101

Tribunal Supremo

Judgment of 15 March 2001 (Gabai Oil v Petronor)

Judgment of 7 March 2002 (RJA 2002/2003)

Judgment of 27 March 2002 (RJA 2002/3616)

Judgment of 15 July 2002 (RJA 2002/7724)

Judgment of 16 November 2002 ( La Ley 28-I-2003, marginal 599)

Sweden

Regeringsrätten, 10 April 2000, R 1999-630

United Kingdom

Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service [1985] AC 374

Cunningham v Milk Marketing Board for Northern Ireland [1988] 3 CMLR 815

Doughty v Rolls Royce [1992] 1 CMLR 1045

Factortame II [1991] 1 AC 603

Marks & Spencer v CCE [1999] 1 CMLR 1152

NUT v St Mary’s Church of England Junior School [1997] 3 CMLR 630

R v MAFF ex parte First City Trading [1997] 1 CMLR 250

R v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs ex parte Rees-Mogg [1994] QB 552

Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame (Factortame V) [1999] 3 CMLR 597

United States of America

Baker v Carr (1962) 369 US 186

Bush v Gore (2000) 531 US 98

Marbury v Madison (1803) 5 US (1 Cranch) 137

TABLE OF TREATIES, INSTRUMENTS AND LEGISLATION

Treaties and analogous instruments

Note: Article numbers are those introduced by the Treaty of Amsterdam. Earlier numbers are shown in square brackets. Where the only number given is in square brackets, it should be assumed that the Article in question has been deleted.

Acts of Accession

Austria

Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and the Slovak Republic

Protocol 7 on abortion in Malta

Denmark 16

Finland 35

Greece 16

Ireland 16

Norway 35

Portugal 16

Spain 16

Sweden 35

UK 16

Amsterdam Treaty

Declarations

37: on public credit institutions in Germany

Declarations of which the Conference took note

1: Austria and Luxembourg on Credit Institutions

5: Belgium on the Protocol on asylum for nationals of Member States of the EU

Association Agreement (EEC–Turkey) (1963)

Budgetary Treaties

First

Second

Charter of Fundamental Rights

Arts. 1-5

Art. 3(2)

Arts. 6-19

Art. 7

Art. 9

Arts. 20-26

Art. 21

Art. 23

Art. 27

Arts. 27-38

Art. 28

Art. 30

Art. 31(2)

Art. 34

Art. 34(3)

Art. 35

Art. 37

Art. 38

Arts. 39-46

Art. 41

Art. 43

Arts. 47-50

Art. 49

Art. 51(1)

Art. 51(2)

Art. 52(1)

Art. 53

Convention on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Matrimonial Matters (1998)

Convention Relating to Certain Institutions Common to the European Communities

CT (Constitutional Treaty)

Preamble

Part I

Part I, Title I (definition and objectives of the Union)

Art. I-5

Art. I-6

Art. I-7

Art. I-8

Part I, Title II (fundamental rights and citizenship)

Art. I-9

Art. I-10

Part I, Title III (Union competences)

Art. I-11

Art. I-12

Art. I-12(1)

Art. I-13

Art. I-14(2)-(4)

Art. I-18

Art. I-18(2)

Part I, Title IV (institutions and bodies)

Chapter I (institutional framework)

Art. I-20

Art. I-22

Art. I-24

Art. I-24(6)

Art. I-25

Art. I-25(1)

Art. I-26

Art. I-26(5)

Art. I-27(3)

Art. I-29(3)

Part I, Title V (exercise of union competence)

Chapter (common provisions)

Art. I-33(1)

Part I, Title VI (democratic life of the Union)

Arts. I-45-I-48

Art. I-50(2)

Part I, Title IX (Union membership)

Art. I-60

Part II (Charter of Fundamental Rights)

Part II, Title II (freedoms)

Art. II-70

Part II, Title IV (institutions and bodies)

Chapter I (specific provisions)

Art. I-40

Part II, Title IV (solidarity)

II-97

II-98

Part II, Title V (citizens’ rights)

II-103

Part II, Title VII (interpretation and application)

Art. II-111(1)

Art. II-112(1)

Art. II-112(4)

Art. II-112(5)

Art. II-112(7)

Part III (policies and functioning of Union)

Part III, Title III (internal policies and action)

Chapter 1 (internal market)

Art. III-172

Chapter 3 (policies in other areas)

Art. III-273(1)

Art. III-276(2)

Part III, Title V (external action)

Chapter II (CFSP)

Art. III-300

Part III, Title VI (functioning of the Union)

Chapter 1 (Institutions)

Art. III-335

Art. III-355

Art. III-357

Art. III-362

Art. III-365

Art. III-369

Art. III-376

Art. III-377

Part IV (general and final provisions)

Protocol 1 on the role of national parliaments in the EU

Protocol 2 on the application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality

Art. 1

Art. 8

Art. 9

Protocol 31 on Article 40.3.3 of the Constitution of Ireland

Protocol 34 on transitional provisions relating to the institutions and bodies of the Union

Art. 2

Declarations concerning provisions of the Constitution

Declaration on Article I-5

Art. 2

Declaration concerning the explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights

DCT (Draft Constitutional Treaty)

Art. 23(1)

Art. 24(1)

Art. 25(3)

EC Treaty (Consolidated)

Part One (principles)

Art. 1(2)

Art. 1(3)

Art. 2 [2]

Art. 3 [3]

Art. 5 [3b]

Art. 5(2)

Art. 10 [5]

Art. 11(1) [5a]

Art. 11a

Art. 13 [6a]

Part Two (citizenship)

Art. 21 [8d]

Part Three, Title I (free movement of goods)

[Art. 25 – repealed]

Chapter 1 (customs union)

Art. 25 [12]

Chapter 2 (quantitative restrictions)

Art. 28 [30]

Part Three, Title II (agriculture)

Art. 32 [38]

Art. 37 [43]

Part Three, Title III (free movement of persons, services and capital)

Chapter 1 (workers)

Art. 39(3)

Art. 40 [49]

Chapter 2 (right of establishment)

Art. 43 [52]

Art. 44(1)

Art. 45 [55]

Chapter 3 (services)

Art. 49 [59]

Art. 52(1) [63]

Art. 55 [66]

Part Three, Title IV (visas, asylum, immigration and free movement of persons)

Art. 68(1)

Part Three, Title V [IV] (transport)

Art. 71(1) [75]

Art. 71(3) [75]

Art. 75(3) [79]

Art. 80(2) [84]

Part Three, Title VI [V] (competition, taxation and approximation of laws)

Chapter 1 (competition)

Art. 86(3)

Art. 88 [93]

Chapter 2 (tax provisions)

Art. 93 [99]

Chapter 3 (approximation of laws)

Art. 94 [100]

Art. 95 [100a]

Art. 95(1)

Art. 95(2)

Art. 95(3)

Part Three, Title VII [VI] (economic and monetary policy)

Chapter 1 (economic policy)

Art. 99 [103]

Art. 104 [104c]

Chapter 2 (monetary policy)

Art. 106 [105a]

Art. 110(3)

Chapter 3 (institutional provisions)

Art. 112(1) [109a]

Art. 112(2) [109a]

Art. 113 [109b]

Art. 113(3)(1)

Art. 113(3)(2)

Chapter 4 (transitional provisions)

Art. 121(3) [109j(3)]

Part Three, Title VIII (employment)

Art. 128 [109q]

Art. 128(2)

Art. 129 [109r]

Art. 130 [109s]

Part Three, Title XI (social policy, education, vocational training and youth) [VIII]

Chapter 1 (social provisions)

Art. 137 [118]

Art. 137(2)

Art. 140 [118c]

Art. 141 [119]

Art. 144 [121]

Chapter 2 (European Social Fund)

Art. 148 [125]

Chapter 3 (education, vocational training and youth)

Art. 149(4) [126]

Art. 150(4) [127]

Part Three, Title XII (culture) [IX]

Art. 151(5) [128]

Part Three, Title XIII (public health) [X]

Art. 152(4)

Art. 152(4)(c)

Part Three, Title XIV (consumer protection) [XI]

Art. 153(4) [129a]

Part Three, Title XV (trans-European networks) [XII]

Art. 156 [129d]

Part Three, Title XVI (industry) [XIII]

Art. 157(3) [130]

Part Three, Title XVII [VI] (economic and social cohesion) [XIV]

Art. 159 [130b]

Art. 161 [130d]

Art. 162 [130e]

Part Three, Title XVIII (research and technological development) [XV]

Art. 166(4) [130i]

Art. 172 [130 o]

Part Three, Title XIX (environment) [XVI]

Art. 174 [130 r]

Art. 175 [130 s]

Art. 175(1)

Art. 175(2)

Art. 175(3)

Art. 176 [130 t]

Part Three, Title XX (development cooperation) [XVII]

Art. 177(2) [130u]

Part Five, Title I (Institutions)

Chapter 1 (Institutions)

Art. 191 [138a]

Art. 192 [138b]

Art. 193 [138c]

Art. 194 [138d]

Art. 195 [138e]

Art. 195(1)

Art. 195(2)

Art. 197(3) [140]

Art. 200 [143]

Art. 201 [144]

Art. 202 [145]

Art. 203 [146]

Art. 207 [151]

Art. 207(1)

Art. 207(2)

Art. 207(3)

Art. 208 [152]

Art. 211 [155]

Art. 213 [157]

Art. 213(4)

Art. 214 [158]

Art. 214(2) [158]

Art. 216 [160]

Art. 220 [164]

Art. 223 [167]

Art. 223(2)

Art. 224 [168]

Art. 224(3)

Art. 225(1) [168a]

Art. 225(2) [168a]

Art. 225(3) [168a]

Art. 226 [169]

Arts. 226-228

Art. 227 [170]

Art. 228 [171]

Art. 228(2)

Art. 230 [173]

Art. 230(2)

Art. 230(4)

Art. 230(5)

Art. 232 [175]

Art. 232(1)

Art. 234 [177]

Art. 234(2)

Art. 234(3)

Art. 237(d) [180]

Art. 241 [184]

Art. 246 [188a]

Arts. 246-248 [188 a-c]

Art. 248 [188c]

Art. 248(4)

Art. 249 [189]

Art. 250[189a]

Art. 251(2)

Art. 252 [189c]

Art. 253 [190]

Art. 254 [191]

Art. 254(1)

Art. 254(2)

Art. 255 [191a]

Arts. 257-9 [193]-[195]

Art. 263 [198a]

Art. 265 [198c]

Chapter 2 (common provisions)

Art. 251(7) [189b]

Art. 252(g) [189c]

Part Five, Title II (financial provisions)

Art. 268 [199]

Art. 269 [201]

Art. 272(2) [203]

Art. 272(5) [203]

Art. 272(8) [203]

Art. 272(9) [203]

Art. 276(1) [206]

Part Six (general and final provisions)

Art. 195 [222]

Art. 288 [215]

Art. 288(2)

Art. 300(6) [228]

Art. 300(7) [228]

Art. 302 [229]

Art. 303 [230]

Art. 304 [231]

Art. 308 [235]

ECHR

Art. 6

Art. 13

ECSC Treaty

EURATOM

Laeken Declaration: see main Index for Laeken Declaration on the Future of the European Union (2001)

Luxembourg Declaration on EC-EFTA relations

Merger Treaty

Nice Treaty

Art. 34

Declaration on the future of the Union

Oporto Treaty (EEA)

Protocols annexed to the CT: see CT (Constitutional Treaty)

Protocols annexed to the EC Treaty

11: Statute of the Court of Justice: see Statute of the Court of Justice (Protocol 11) below

16: Acquisition of property in Denmark

29: Asylum for nationals of Member States of EU

30: Application of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality (Amsterdam)

Art. 4

Art. 5

Inner-German Trade [repealed]

Social Protocol [repealed]

Protocols annexed to the TEU

Article 40.3.3 of the Constitution of Ireland (abortion)

Protocols annexed to the TEU and the EC Treaty

2: Integration of Schengen acquis into the framework of the EU

3: Application of certain aspects of Article 14 [7a] EC to the UK and to Ireland

4: Position of the UK and Ireland

5: Position of Denmark

Protocols annexed to the TEU, EC and EURATOM Treaties

7: Institutions with the prospect of enlargement of the EU

9: Role of national parliaments in the EU

Schengen I (1985)

Schengen II (1990) (Implementing Agreement) (SIA)

SEA

Art. 2

Art. 3

Art. 20

Statute of the Court of Justice (Protocol 11)

Art. 16

Art. 54

Art. 56

Art. 58

TEU (consolidated)

Title I (Common Provisions)

Art. 1 [A]

Art. 2 [B]

Art. 3 [C]

Art. 4 [D]

Art. 6 [F]

Art. 6(1)

Art. 7 [F.1]

Title V (CFSP)

Art. 13(1) [J.3]

Art. 13(2) [J.3]

Art. 14

Art. 22(1) [J.13]

Art. 27a(2)

Title VI (PJCCM)

Art. 34 [K.6]

Art. 34(2)

Art. 34(2)(b)

Art. 35

Art. 35(1) [K.7]

Art. 35(2)

Art. 35(4)

Art. 35(5) [K.7]

Art. 40a

Title VII (closer cooperation)

Art. 43

Art. 43a

Art. 43b

Art. 44 [K.16]

Title VIII (Final Provisions)

Art. 46 [L]

Art. 46(a)

Art. 46(b)

Art. 46(e)

Art. 46(f)

Art. 48 [N]

Declarations attached to Maastricht Final Act

13: role of national parliaments in the EU

17: right of access to information

TRIPS Agreement

EU legislation and policy documents

Commission Communications

A common consolidated EU corporate tax base: Commission non-paper (2004)

European renewal in the field of freedom, security and justice: Action Plan (2005)

Proposal for a Council Decision amending Decision 1999/468/EC (2002/2004)

Relations with the complainant in respect of infringements of Community law (2002)

White Paper on Completion of the Internal Market (1985)

White Paper on European Governance (2001)

Commission Decisions

Dec. 69/71/EEC authorising the sale of butter at reduced prices

Dec. 78/45/EEC Establishment of a Scientific Committee on Cosmetology [1978] OJ L13/24

Dec. 94/90/EC Public access to Commission documents

Dec. 96/239/EC of 27 March 1996 on emergency measures to protect against bovine spongiform encephalopathy [1996] OJ L78/47

Dec. 2003/653/EC Relating to national provisions on banning the use of genetically modified organisms in the region of Upper Austria [2003] L230/34

Commission Declarations

On Council Decision 1999/468/EC (‘Aerosol clause’)

Commission Notices/Guidelines

Agreements of minor importance which do not appreciably effect competition under Article 81(1) of EC Treaty [2001] OJ C368/13

Commission Regulations (EC)

Reg. 1251/70 on the right of workers to remain in territory after having been employed in that State [1971] OJ English Special Edition 1970 (II)/402

Reg. 2784/79 implementing Regulation 1798/75 on the importation free of Common Customs Tariff duties on educational, scientific and cultural materials [1979] OJ L134/1

Reg. 1371/84 for the application of the additional levy referred to in Regulation 894/68 [1984] OJ L132/11

Reg. 2529/97 imposing provisional anti-dumping and countervailing duties on imports of farmed Atlantic salmon originating in Norway [1997] OJ L346/63

Reg. 2362/98 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Council Regulation 404/93 [98] OJ L293/32

Council Decisions/Council and Parliament Decisions

Dec. 70/243/ECSC, EEC, Euratom on the replacement of financial contributions from Member States by the Communities’ own resources [1970] OJ L94/19

Dec. 76/787 on direct elections [1976] OJ 278/1

Dec. 93/731/EC on public access to Council documents (Code of Conduct) [1993] OJ L340/43

Dec. 96/664 on the adoption of a multiannual programme to promote linguistic diversity of the Community int he informations society [1996] OJ L306/40

Dec. 96/664/EC on the adoption of a multiannual programme to promote the linguistic diversity of the Community in the information society [1996] OJ L306/40

Dec. 99/468/EC laying down the procedures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on the Commission [1999] OJ L184/23

Art. 2

Art. 2(a)

Art. 3

Art. 4

Art. 5

Art. 5a(3)

Art. 5a(5)

Art. 7(2)

Art. 7(3)

Art. 7(5)

Art. 8

Dec. 2002/595/EC on the consequences of the expiry of the ECSC Treaty on international agreements concluded by the ECSC [2002] OJ L194/35

Dec. 2002/682/EC, Euratom adopting the Council’s Rules of Procedure [2002] OJ L230/7

Dec. 2002/772/EC, Euratom amending the Act concerning the election of the representatives of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage [2002] OJ L283/1

Dec. 2003/429/EC on the adjustment of the financial perspective for enlargement [2003] OJ L147/25

Dec. 2004/752/EC establishing the European Union Civil Service Tribunal [2004] OJ L333/7

Council Directives/Council and Parliament Directives

Dir. 64/221/EEC on the coordination of special measures concerning the movement and residence of foreign nationals which are justified on grounds of public policy, public security or public health OJ English Special Edition 1963-64 (II)/402

Dir. 69/74/EEC on the harmonisation of provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action relating to customs warehousing procedure [1969] OJ English Special Edition (I)/82

Dir. 75/442/EEC on waste [1975] OJ L194/39

Dir. 76/207 on the principle of equal treatment for men and women as regards access to employment, vocational training and promotion, and working conditions [1976] OJ L39/40 (Equal Treatment Directive)

Art. 2

Art. 6

Dir. 76/756/EEC on the approximation of laws relating to the installation of lighting on motor vehicles [1976] OJ L262/1

Dir. 78/319/EEC on toxic and dangerous waste [1978] OJ L84/43

Dir. 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds [1979] OJ L103/1

Dir. 80/987/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the protection of employees in the event of the insolvency of their employer [1980] L283/23

Dir. 83/189 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations [1983] OJ L109/8

Dir. 89/552 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law concerning television broadcasting activities (Broadcasting Directive) [1989] OJ L298/23

Dir. 90/425/EEC concerning veterinary and zootechnical checks applicable in intra-Community trade in certain live animals and products with a view to the completion of the internal market [1990] OJ L224/29

Dir. 93/104/EC concerning the organisation of working time [1993] OJ L307/18

Art. 6

Dir. 94/19/EC on deposit guarantee schemes [1994] OJ L135/5

Dir. 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste [1994] OJ L365/10

Dir. 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data [1995] OJ L281/31

Dir. 98/44/EC on the legal protection of biotechological inventions [1998] OJ L213/13

Dir. 99/31/EC on the landfill of waste [1999] OJ L182/1

Dir. 2001/44/EC on mutual assistance for the recovery of claims resulting from [certain agricultural claims] [2001] OJ L175/17

Council Framework Decisions

Dec. 98/701/JHA on common standards for filling in the residence permit for non-EU nationals [1998] OJ L333/8

Dec. 2001/220/JHA on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings [2001] OJ L82/1

Dec. 2003/80/JHA on the protection of the environment through criminal law [2003] OJ L29/55

Council Regulations/Council and Parliament Regulations

Reg. 120/67/EEC on the organisation of the market in cereals [1967] OJ 2269

Reg. 1612/68/EEC on free movement of workers within the Community [1968] OJ L257/2

Reg. 2707/72 laying down the conditions for applying protective measures for fruit and vegetables [1972] OJ L291

Reg. 3247/81/EEC on the financing of certain intervention measures [1981] OJ L327/1

Reg. 856/84/EEC amending Regulation 804/88 on the common organisation of the market in milk and milk products [1984] OJ L90/10

Reg. 857/84/EEC adopting general rules for the application of the levy . . . in the milk and milk products sector [1984] OJ L90/13

Reg. 2045/89/EEC amending Regulation 3309/85/EEC laying down general rules for the description and presentation of sparkling wines and aerated sparkling wines [1989] OJ L202/12

Reg. 3760/92 establishing a Community system for fisheries and aquaculture [1992] OJ L389/1

Reg. 3917/92 extending into 1993 Regulations applying generalized tariff preferences for 1991

Reg. 3697/93 withdrawing tariff concessions in accordance with . . . the Free Trade Agreement between the Community and Austria (General Motors Austria), [1993] OJ L343/1

Reg. 384/96 on protection against dumped imports from countries not members of the EC [1996] OJ L56/1

Reg. 552/97/EEC temporarily withdrawing access to generalised tariff preferences from the Union of Myanmar [1997] OJ L85/8

Reg. 1466/97 on the strengthening of the surveillance of budgetary positions [1997] OJ L209/1 as amended

Reg. 1467/97 on speeding up and clarifying the implementation of the excessive deficit procedure [1997] OJ L209/6 as amended

Reg. 1638/98 as regards the extension of the period of validity of the aid scheme and the quality strategy for olive oil [1998] OJ L210/32

Reg. 975/1999/EC laying down the requirements for the implementation of development cooperation operations which contribute to the general objective of developing and consolidating democracy . . . [1999] OJ L120/1

Reg. 1638/98 on the establishment of a common organisation of the market in oils and fats [1998] OJ L210/32

Reg. 178/2002 laying down principles and requirements of food law, establishing the EFSA and laying down procedures in matters of food safety [2002] OJ L31/1

Reg. 1049/2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents [2001] OJ L145/43

Art. 4(1)

Art. 4(2)

Art. 4(4)

Art. 4(5)

Art. 11

Reg. 1/2003 implementing Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty [2003] OJ L1/1

Arts. 7

[Art. 8a]

Art. 27

Reg. 806/2003 adapting to Decision 1999/468/EC the provisions relating to committees which assist the Commission in the exercise of its implementing powers [2003] OJ L122/1

Reg. 807/2003 adapting to Decision 1999/468/EC the provisions relating to committees which assist the Commission in the exercise of its implementing powers [2003] OJ L122/36

Reg. 1105/2003 amending Regulation 1260/2003 laying down general provisions on the Structural Funds [2003] OJ L158/3

Reg. 1882/2003 adapting to Decision 1999/468/EC the provisions relating to committees which assist the Commission in the exercise of its implementing powers [2003] OJ L284/1

Reg. 2004/2003 on the regulations governing political parties at European level and the rules regarding their funding [2003] OJ L297

Reg. 1853/2004 concerning additional restrictive measures in respect of Burma/Myanmar [2004] OJ L323/11

Reg. 1055/2005/EC amending Regulation 1466/97/EC on the strengthening of the surveillance of budgetary positions and the surveillance and coordination of economic policies [2005] OJ L174/1

Council Resolution

On the Stability and Growth Pact [1997] OJ C236

European Central Bank Regulation

Reg. ECB/1999/4 on the powers of the ECB to impose sanctions [1999] OJ L264/21

Joint Declarations

On fundamental rights (1977)

On practical arrangements for the new co-decision procedure (1999)

National legislation

Austria

Law on Assembly 1953

Limitation of Official Salaries Law (1997/64)

Belgium

Aliens Law 1980

Ministerial Decree governing exemptions from excise duties 1960

Watermael-Boitsfort Tax Regulation (1997)

France

Decree 92–280 implementing the Law of 30 September 1986 on freedom of communication

Germany

Avoidance and Recovery of Packaging Waste Regulations 1991 and 1998

Basic Law

Art. 1(1)

Art. 19(1)

Art. 24

Art. 72(2)

Beer Duty Law (BStG)

Nordrhein-Westfalen Police Authorities Law (OBG NW)

Unfair Competition Law (UWG)

Greece

Constitution

Ireland

Constitution

Italy

Law 428/1990 (provisions for the fulfilment of obligations arising from Italy’s membership of the Community)

Trade fairs legislation

Netherlands

Duty on Cars and Motorcycles Law 1992

General Law on Administrative Law 1992

Poland

Constitution

Spain

Civil Code

Constitution

Organic Law 10/1985 (adhesion of Spain to the EC)

Sweden

Code of Procedure

United Kingdom

Crown Proceedings Act 1947, s 21(2)

Merchant Shipping Act 1988

TABLES OF EQUILANTS

EC Treaty Article numbers and their pre-Amsterdam equivalents^*

Current		Pre-Amsterdam	Current	Pre-Amsterdam
Article number		Article number	Article number	Article number
1		1	32	38
2		2	33	39
3		3	34	40
4		3a	35	41
5		3b	36	42
6		3c	37	43
7		4	38	46
8		4a	39	48
9		4b	40	49
10		5	41	50
11		5a	42	51
12		6	43	52
13		6a	44	54
14		7a	45	55
15		7c	46	56
16		7d	47	57
17		8	48	58
18		8a	49	59
19		8b	50	60
20		8c	51	61
21		8d	52	63
22		8e	53	64
23		9	54	65
24		10	55	66
25		12	56	73b
26		28	57	73c
27		29	58	73d
28		30	59	73f
29		34	60	73g
30		36	61	73i
31		37	62	73j
Current		Pre-Amsterdam	Current	Pre-Amsterdam
Article number		Article number	Article number	Article number
63		73k	106	105a
64		73l	107	106
65		73m	108	107
66		73n	109	108
67		73o	110	108a
68		73p	111	109
69		73q	112	109a
70		74	113	109b
71		75	114	109c
72		76	115	109d
73		77	116	109e
74		78	117	109f
75		79	118	109g
76		80	119	109h
77		81	120	109i
78		82	121	109j
79		83	122	109k
80		84	123	109l
81		85	124	109m
82		86	125	109n
83		87	126	109o
84		88	127	109p
85		89	128	109q
86		90	129	109r
87		92	130	109s
88		93	131	110
89		94	132	112
90		95	133	113
91		96	134	115
92		98	135	116
93		99	136	117
94		100	137	118
95		100a	138	118a
96		101	139	118b
97		102	140	118c
98		102a	141	119
99		103	142	119a
100		103a	143	120
101		104	144	121
102		104a	145	122
103		104b	146	123
104		104c	147	124
105		105	148	125
Current		Pre-Amsterdam	Current	Pre-Amsterdam
Article number		Article number	Article number	Article number
149		126	192	138b
150		127	193	138c
151		128	194	138d
152		129	195	138e
153		129a	196	139
154		129b	197	140
155		129c	198	141
156		129d	199	142
157		130	200	143
158		130a	201	144
159		130b	202	145
160		130c	203	146
161		130d	204	147
162		130e	205	148
163		130f	206	150
164		130g	207	151
165		130h	208	152
166		130i	209	153
167		130j	210	154
168		130k	211	155
169		130l	212	156
170		130m	213	157
171		130n	214	158
172		130o	215	159
173		130p	216	160
174		130r	217	161
175		130s	218	162
176		130t	219	163
177		130u	220	164
178		130v	221	165
179		130w	222	166
180		130x	223	167
181		130y	224	168
182		131	225	168a
183		132	226	169
184		133	227	170
185		134	228	171
186		135	229	172
187		136	230	173
188		136a	231	174
189		137	232	175
190		138	233	176
191		138a	234	177
Current		Pre-Amsterdam	Current	Pre-Amsterdam
Article number		Article number	Article number	Article number
235		178	275	205a
236		179	276	206
237		180	277	207
238		181	278	208
239		182	279	209
240		183	280	209a
241		184	281	210
242		185	282	211
243		186	283	212
244		187	284	213
245		188	285	213a
246		188a	286	213b
247		188b	287	214
248		188c	288	215
249		189	289	216
250		189a	290	217
251		189b	291	218
252		189c	292	219
253		190	293	220
254		191	294	221
255		191a	295	222
256		192	296	223
257		193	297	224
258		194	298	225
259		195	299	227
260		196	300	228
261		197	301	228a
262		198	302	229
263		198a	303	230
264		198b	304	231
265		198c	305	232
266		198d	306	233
267		198e	307	234
268		199	308	235
269		200	309	236
270		201a	310	238
271		202	311	239
272		203	312	240
273		204	313	247
274		205	314	248

^* No number is provided where earlier provisions have been deleted or for new Treaty provisions introduced by the Treaty of Nice which have no pre-Amsterdam equivalent.

Treaty on European Union Article numbers and their Pre-Amsterdam equivalents

Current		Pre-Amsterdam	Current	Pre-Amsterdam
Article number		Article letter	Article number	Article letter
1		A	28	J.18
2		B	29	K.1
3		C	30	K.2
4		D	31	K.3
5		E	32	K.4
6		F	33	K.5
7		F.1	34	K.6
11		J.1	35	K.7
12		J.2	36	K.8
13		J.3	37	K.9
14		J.4	38	K.10
15		J.5	39	K.11
16		J.6	40	K.12
17		J.7	41	K.13
18		J.8	42	K.14
19		J.9	43	K.15
20		J.10	46	L
21		J.11	47	M
22		J.12	48	N
23		J.13	49	O
24		J.14	50	P
25		J.15	51	Q
26		J.16	52	R
27		J.17	53	S

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