Technological developments have shaped copyright law’s development, and now the prospect of endless, effortless digital copying poses a significant challenge to modern copyright law. Many complain that copyright protection has burgeoned wildly, far beyond its original boundaries. Some have questioned whether copyright can survive the digital age. From a historical perspective, however, many of these ‘new’ challenges are simply fresh presentations of familiar dilemmas. This book explores the history of international copyright law, and looks at how this history is relevant today. It focuses on international copyright during the nineteenth century, as it affected Europe, the British colonies (particularly Canada), America, and the UK. As we consider the reform of modern copyright law, nineteenth-century experiences offer highly relevant empirical evidence. Copyright law has proved itself robust and flexible over several centuries. If directed with vision, Seville argues, it can negotiate cyberspace.
CATHERINE SEVILLE is Vice-Principal and Director of Studies in Law at Newnham College, and Herchel Smith College Lecturer in Intellectual Property Law at the Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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© Catherine Seville 2006
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First published 2006
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ISBN-10 0–521–86816–5 hardback
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Table of cases | vi | |
Table of statutes | ix | |
Table of abbreviations and archive sources | xii | |
Acknowledgements | xv | |
1 | Introduction | 1 |
2 | International copyright: four interconnected histories | 22 |
3 | Towards the Berne Union | 41 |
4 | Colonial challenges | 78 |
5 | The independence of America | 146 |
6 | Domestic problems | 253 |
7 | The colours of cyberspace | 296 |
Bibliography | 328 | |
Index | 347 |
Bach v. Longman (1777) 98 ER 1274; 2 Cowp 623; 1 Chit 26 | 45, 46 n. 13, 156 n. 25, 174, 175 n. 86 |
Beckingham v. Hodgens [2003] EWCA Civ 143; [2004] ECDR 6; [2003] EMLR 18 | 322 n. 51 |
Bentley v. Foster (1839) 59 ER 641; 10 Sim. 320 | 175, 175 n. 87 |
Boosey v. Davidson (1849) 13 QB Rep 257 | 31 n. 7, 176 n. 90 |
Boosey v. Jefferys (1851) 155 ER 675; 6 Exch 580 | 178, 179, 180 |
Boosey v. Purday (1849) 154 ER 1159; 4 Exch 145 | 176, 176 n. 90, 178, 185 n. 121, 188 |
Boosey v. Whight [1899] 1 Ch 836; affirmed [1900] 1 Ch 122 | 285, 285 n. 87, 286 |
Cala Homes (South) Ltd v. Alfred McAlpine Homes East Ltd (No.1) (1995) FSR 818 | 322 n. 51 |
Carey v. Collier (1839) 5 F Cas 58 | 175 n. 88 |
Chappell v. Purday (1845) 153 ER 491; 14 M and W 303 | 175, 176 n. 89, 185 n. 121 |
Clementi v. Walker (1824) 107 ER 601; 2 Barn and Cr 861 | 45, 46 n. 13, 174, 175 n. 86 |
Cocks v. Purday (1848) 136 ER 1118; 5 CB 860 | 176, 176 n. 90, 178 |
D’Almaine v. Boosey (1835) 160 ER 117; 1 Y and C Ex 288; 4 LJ Ex Eq | 45, 46, 46 n. 13, 156 n. 26, 174, 175 n. 86 |
Donaldson v. Becket (1774) 1 ER 837; 2 Bro PC 129; 4 Burr 2408 | 13, 13 n. 12, 15, 56, 56 n. 37, 152, 153, 313 n. 33 |
Eric Eldred, et al. v. John D. Ashcroft, Attorney General (2003) 123 S Ct 769 | 153 n. 19, 223–224 n. 214, 308 n. 29, 319 n. 44 |
Guichard v. Mori (1831) 47 ER 1134; 9 Law J Ch 227 | 174, 175 n. 86 |
Hadley v. Kemp (1999) 4 EMLR 589 | 322 n. 51 |
IMS Health Inc. v. Commission of the European Communities [2001] ECR II-3193 | 311 n. 31 |
Jefferys v. Boosey (1854) 10 ER 681; 4 HLC 815 | 31, 31 n. 7, 32, 33, 47, 47 n. 18, 185, 187, 190, 197, 246 |
Low v. Routledge (1865) LR 1 Ch App 42 | 96 |
Low v. Ward (1868) LR 6 Eq 415 | 198 n. 158 |
Mattel. Inc. v. Walking Mountain Productions 353 F 3d 792 (CA 9th Cir. 2003) | 325 n. 55 |
Millar v. Taylor (1769) 98 ER 201; 4 Burr 2303 | 56. n. 37, 152, 153, 154 |
Ollendorf v. Black (1850) 20 LJ Ch, 165 | 178 |
Ray v. Classic FM PLC [1998] FSR 622 | 322 n. 51 |
Reade v. Conquest (1861) 9 CB (NS) 755 | 266 n. 39 |
Reade v. Conquest (1862) 11 CB (NS) 479 | 266 n. 41 |
Reade v. Lacy (1861) 1 J and H 524 | 266 n. 40 |
Routledge v. Low (1868) LR 3 HL 100; 37 LJ Ch 454; 18 LT 874; 16 WR 1081 | 26, 32, 47, 47 n. 18, 71 n. 66, 90, 92, 92 n. 32, 93, 95, 95 n. 40, 96, 195, 197, 198, 199, 246 |
Smiles v. Belford 1, Upper Canada Reports 436 | 109 n. 76, 136 |
Toole v. Young (1873) 9 QB 523 | 267 n. 44 |
Wheaton v. Peters (1834) 33 US 591; 8 Pet 591 | 153, 159 n. 34, 181 n. 110 |
Wood v. Chart LR 10 Eq 193 | 55 n. 33 |
Abbreviated titles are given in the parantheses.
1710 An Act for the Encouragement of Learning by vesting the Copies of printed Books in the Authors or Purchasers of such Copies 8 Anne c.19 (1710 Statute of Anne) | 12, 13, 174, 246 |
1814 An Act to amend the several Acts for the Encouragement of Learning, by securing the Copies and Copyright of Printed Books, to the Authors of such Books or their Assigns 54 Geo. III c.156 (1814 Copyright Act) | 9 n. 8, 42, 42 n. 3 |
1833 An Act to Amend the Laws Relating to Dramatic Literary Property 3 and 4 Wm. IV c.15 (1833 Dramatic Property Act) | 6 |
1838 An Act for Securing to Authors in Certain Cases the Benefit of International Copyright 1 and 2 Vict. c. 59 (1838 International Copyright Act) | 9, 23, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 175, 254, 255 |
1842 An Act for the General Regulation of the Customs 5 and 6 Vict. c.47 (1842 Customs Act) | 8, 23, 25, 47, 48 n. 20, 79, 254 |
1842 An Act to Amend the Law of Copyright 5 and 6 Vict. c.47 (1842 Copyright Act) | 6, 9, 10, 32, 37, 39, 47, 48, 50, 63 n. 48, 72 n. 69, 79, 80, 81, 84, 92, 95, 99, 109, 113, 198, 246, 253, 254, 256, 265, 269, 274, 287, 289, 306 n. 25, 318 n. 43 |
1844 An Act to Amend the Law Relating to International Copyright 7 and 8 Vict. c.12 (1844 International Copyright Act) | 23, 23 n. 2, 48 n. 22, 50, 51, 170 n. 72, 214 |
1845 An Act to Regulate the Trade of British Possessions Abroad 8 and 9 Vict. c.93 (1845 Customs Act) | 23 n. 1, 49, 84 n. 12 |
1847 An Act to amend the Law relating to the Protection in the Colonies of Works entitled to Copyright in the United Kingdom 10 and 11 Vict. c.95 (1847 Foreign Reprints Act) | 23, 23 n. 1, 25, 49, 84, 86, 87, 90, 93, 96, 100, 101, 111, 126, 267 |
1847 An Act to Extend the Provincial Copyright Act to Persons Resident in the UK on Certain Conditions 10 and 11 Vict., c.28 (1847 Canadian Copyright Act) | 87 |
1852 An Act to Enable Her Majesty to Carry into Effect a Connection with France on the Subject of Copyright, to Extend and Explain the International Copyright Acts, and to Explain the Acts relating to Copyright in Engravings 15 and 16 Vict. c.12 (1852 International Copyright Act) | 23 n. 2, 51, 52 n. 28, 55 n. 33 |
1862 An Act for Amending the Law Relating to Copyright in Works of Fine Art, and for Repressing the Commission of Fraud in Production and Sale of Such Works 25 and 26 Vict. c. 68 (1862 Fine Arts Copyright Act) | 6, 54 n. 32, 265, 306 n. 25 |
1875 An Act to Amend the Law relating to International Copyright 38 and 39 Vict. c.12 (1875) (1875 International Copyright Act) | 55 n. 35 |
1882 An Act to Amend the law of Copyright relating to Musical Compositions 45 and 46 Vict. c. 40 (1882 Copyright (Musical Compositions) Act) | 277n65 |
1886 An Act to Amend the Law respecting International and Colonial Copyright 49 and 50 Vict. c.33 (1886 International and Colonial Copyright Act) | 9, 38, 72 n. 69 |