Cambridge University Press
9780521837200 - The Cambridge History of the COLD WAR - Crises and Détente - Edited by Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad
Frontmatter/Prelims

The Cambridge History of the COLD WAR

Volume II of The Cambridge History of the Cold War examines the developments that made the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union a long-lasting international system during the 1960s and 1970s. A team of leading scholars explains how the Cold War seemed to stabilize after the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 and how this sense of increased stability evolved into the détente era of the early 1970s. The authors outline how conflicts in the Third World, as well as the interests and ideologies of the superpowers, eroded the détente process. They delve into the social and economic roots of the conflict, illuminate processes of integration and disintegration, analyze the arms race, and explore the roles of intelligence, culture, and national identities. Discussing the newest findings on US and Soviet foreign policy as well as examining key crises inside and outside Europe, this authoritative volume will define Cold War studies for years to come.

Melvyn P. Leffler is Edward Stettinius Professor of American History at the Department of History, University of Virginia. His previous publications include To Lead the World: American Strategy After the Bush Doctrine (2008, as co-editor), For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War (2007, winner of the AHA George Louis Beer Prize), and A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration and the Cold War (1992, winner of the Bancroft Prize, the Robert Ferrell Prize, and the Herbert Hoover Book Award).

Odd Arne Westad is Professor of International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science. His previous publications include The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (2005, winner of the Bancroft Prize, the APSA New Political Science Prize, and the Akira Iriye Award), Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950 (2003), and Brothers in Arms: The Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945–1963 (1999, as editor).


The Cambridge History of The Cold War

General Editors

Melvyn P. Leffler,
University of Virginia
Odd Arne Westad,
London School of Economics and Political Science

The Cambridge History of the Cold War is a comprehensive, international history of the conflict that dominated world politics in the twentieth century. The three-volume series, written by leading international experts in the field, elucidates how the Cold War evolved from the geopolitical, ideological, economic, and explains the global dynamics of the Cold War international system. It emphasizes how the Cold War bequeathed conditions, challenges, and conflicts that shape international affairs today. With discussions of demography and consumption, women and youth, science and technology, ethnicity and race, the volumes encompass the social, intellectual, and economic history of the twentieth century, shedding new light on the evolution of the Cold War. Through its various geographical and national angles, the series signifies a transformation of the field from a national – primarily American – to a broader international approach.

Volume in The Series

Volume I Origins

Volume II Crises and Détente

Volume II Endings


The Cambridge History of the COLD WAR

Crises and Détente

Edited by

Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad


CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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© Cambridge University Press 2010

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2010

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data

The Cambridge history of the Cold War / edited by Melvyn P. Leffler and Odd Arne Westad.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-521-83720-0
1. Cold War. 2. World politics – 1945–1989. 3. International relations – History –
20th century. I. Leffler, Melvyn P., 1945– II. Westad, Odd Arne. III. Title.
D842.C295 2009
909.82′5–dc22
2009005508

ISBN 978-0-521-83720-0 Hardback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.


Contents

List of illustrations
viii
List of maps
x
List of graphs
xi
List of contributors to volume II
xii
Preface to volumes I, II, and III
xv
Note on the text
xviii
1     Grand strategies in the Cold War
John Lewis Gaddis
1
2     Identity and the Cold War
Robert Jervis
22
3     Economic aspects of the Cold War, 1962–1975
Richard N. Cooper
44
4     The Cuban missile crisis
James G. Hershberg
65
5     Nuclear competition in an era of stalemate, 1963–1975
William Burr and David Alan Rosenberg
88
6     US foreign policy from Kennedy to Johnson
Frank Costigliola
112
7     Soviet foreign policy, 1962–1975
Svetlana Savranskaya and William Taubman
134
8     France, “Gaullism,” and the Cold War
Frédéric Bozo
158
9     European integration and the Cold War
N. Piers Ludlow
179
10    Détente in Europe, 1962–1975
Jussi M. Hanhimäki
198
11    Eastern Europe: Stalinism to Solidarity
Anthony Kemp-Welch
219
12    The Cold War and the transformation of the Mediterranean, 1960–1975
Ennio Di Nolfo
238
13    The Cold War in the Third World, 1963–1975
Michael E. Latham
258
14    The Indochina wars and the Cold War, 1945–1975
Fredrik Logevall
281
15    The Cold War in the Middle East: Suez crisis to Camp David Accords
Douglas Little
305
16    Cuba and the Cold War, 1959–1980
Piero Gleijeses
327
17    The Sino-Soviet split
Sergey Radchenko
349
18    Détente in the Nixon–Ford years, 1969–1976
Robert D. Schulzinger
373
19    Nuclear proliferation and non-proliferation during the Cold War
Francis J. Gavin
395
20    Intelligence in the Cold War
Christopher Andrew
417
21    Reading, viewing, and tuning in to the Cold War
Nicholas J. Cull
438
22    Counter-cultures: the rebellions against the Cold War order, 1965–1975
Jeremi Suri
460
23    The structure of great power politics, 1963–1975
Marc Trachtenberg
482
24    The Cold War and the social and economic history of the twentieth century
Wilfried Loth
503
Bibliographical essay
525
Index
571

Illustrations

1.      Plans for NATO unveiled by Leslie Gilbert Illingworth, March 20, 1949. By permission of Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru / The National Library of Wales
32
2.      Communism and capitalism compete for attention on walls in Calcutta. © Frédéric Soltan/Corbis
35
3.      Distances from Cuba of various major US cities. © Bettmann/Corbis
74
4.      Soviet missile launchers in Cuba photographed by US spy planes. © Corbis
84
5.      Minuteman III in silo. © Jim Sugar/Corbis
94
6.      President Kennedy delivering his inauguration speech, January 20, 1961. © Bettmann/Corbis
115
7.      President Johnson reacting to news about the Vietnam War from Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara in December 1964. © Corbis
127
8.      Fidel Castro with Leonid Brezhnev and Nikita Khrushchev at Khrushchev’s dacha in April 1963. © Bettmann/Corbis
137
9.      President Ford and Leonid Brezhnev at the signing of the SALT II agreement in Vladivostok in November 1974. © Wally McNamee/Corbis
151
10.     Charles de Gaulle and Konrad Adenauer shaking hands during their first meeting in Bad Kreuznach, West Germany, in December 1958. © Bettmann/Corbis
167
11.     De Gaulle visiting the Polish city of Gdańsk in 1967. © Bruno Barbey/Magnum Photos
169
12.     De Gaulle and British prime minister Harold Wilson meeting in London in 1965. © Bettmann/Corbis
189
13.     West German Chancellor Willy Brandt kneeling at the monument to those killed by German troops in the uprising in Warsaw during World War II. © Bettmann/Corbis
211
14.     A Soviet tank in Prague, August 1968. © Josef Koudelka/Magnum Photos
226
15.     Strike at Gdańsk shipyard, 1980. © Alain Keler/Sygma/Corbis
235
16.     A Greek-Cypriot woman looking for a lost relative. © David Rubinger/Corbis
253
17.     Mário Soares, the leader of the Portuguese Socialist Party, campaigning in Lisbon in 1975. © Henri Bureau/Sygma/Corbis
254
18.     The body of Che Guevara. © Bettmann/Corbis
270
19.     The image of Che Guevara, already dead for four years, decorating a Chilean slum in 1971. © Raymond Depardon/Magnum Photos
279
20.     French prisoners of war and their Vietnamese captors, July 1954. © Bettmann/Corbis
291
21.     Vietnamese try to get on-board a US helicopter sent to evacuate CIA personnel from a building in Saigon, April 29, 1975. © Buffon-Darquennes/Sygma/Corbis
301
22.     Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin with US president Jimmy Carter at the White House, March 26, 1979, after signing a peace treaty. © Bettmann/Corbis
323
23.     Fidel Castro, Raúl Castro, and Che Guevara in October 1963, finalizing the plan to send Cuban troops to Algeria to protect it from Moroccan aggression. From the archives of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party
333
24.     Four heads of state – Agostinho Neto of Angola, Fidel Castro of Cuba, Luís Cabral of Guinea-Bissau, and Ahmed Sékou Touré of Guinea – at the grave of Amílcar Cabral, who led the independence movement of Guinea-Bissau. From the archives of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party
337
25.     Mao Zedong and the man he purged twice, but who lived to succeed him, Deng Xiaoping. © Bettmann/Corbis
353
26.     Soviet border guards at the Chinese border on the Ussuri river, May 1969. © Bettmann/Corbis
370
27.     US president Richard Nixon and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, June 1973. © Corbis
381
28.     Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi visiting nuclear testing sites in Rajasthan. © Kapoor Baldev/Sygma/Corbis
411
29.     U2 spy plane in flight. © Aero Graphics, Inc./Corbis
421
30.     Iurii Vladimirovich Andropov. © Bettmann/Corbis
427
31.     William Casey, Director of US Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987. © Bettmann/Corbis
428
32.     Foreign students at the newly opened Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University in Moscow, 1961. © Bettmann/ Corbis
441
33.     A still from Robert Wise’s 1951 The Day the Earth Stood Still. © John Springer Collection/Corbis
453
34.     A crowd of activists give the Black Power salute at a rally for the US Black Panther Party, 1969. © Flip Schulke/Corbis
472
35.     French police using force during the student demonstrations in Paris in May 1968. © Jacques Haillot/Sygma/Corbis
475
36.     US secretary of state Henry Kissinger and West German chancellor Willy Brandt in Bonn, March 1974. © Heinrich Sanden/dpa/Corbis
485
37.     US president Richard Nixon meets Chairman Mao Zedong in Beijing, February 21, 1972. © Corbis
498

Maps

1.      The expansion of European integration
196
2.      The Mediterranean Basin
240
3.      Indochina
285
4.      Territories occupied by Israel after 1967
316
5.      Sino-Soviet border clashes on the eastern and western sectors of the frontier, March and August 1969
368




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