Volume I of The Cambridge History of the Cold War examines the origins and early years of the conflict. In the first comprehensive historical reexamination of the period, a team of leading scholars shows how the Cold War evolved from the geopolitical, ideological, economic, and sociopolitical environment of the two world wars and the interwar period, and discusses how markets, ideas, and cultural interactions affected political discourse, diplomacy, and strategy after World War II. The chapters focus not only on the United States and the Soviet Union, but also on critical regions such as Europe, the Balkans, and East Asia. The authors deal with the most influential statesmen of the era and address issues that mattered most to people around the globe: food, nutrition, and resource allocation; ethnicity, race, and religion; science and technology; national autonomy, self-determination, and sovereignty. In so doing, they illuminate how people worldwide shaped the evolution of the increasingly bipolar conflict and, in turn, were ensnared by it.
Melvyn P. Leffler is Edward Stettinius Professor of American History at the Department of History, University of Virginia. His previous publications include To Lead the World: American Strategy After the Bush Doctrine (2008, as co-editor), For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War (2007, winner of the AHA George Louis Beer Prize), and A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration and the Cold War (1992, winner of the Bancroft Prize, the Robert Ferrell Prize, and the Herbert Hoover Book Award).
Odd Arne Westad is Professor of International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science. His previous publications include The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (2005, winner of the Bancroft Prize, the APSA New Political Science Prize, and the Akira Iriye Award), Decisive Encounters: The Chinese Civil War, 1946–1950 (2003), and Brothers in Arms: The Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945–1963 (1999, as editor).
The Cambridge History of the Cold War is a comprehensive, international history of the conflict that dominated world politics in the twentieth century. The three-volume series, written by leading international experts in the field, elucidates how the Cold War evolved from the geopolitical, ideological, economic, and explains the global dynamics of the Cold War international system. It emphasizes how the Cold War bequeathed conditions, challenges, and conflicts that shape international affairs today. With discussions of demography and consumption, women and youth, science and technology, ethnicity and race, the volumes encompass the social, intellectual, and economic history of the twentieth century, shedding new light on the evolution of the Cold War. Through its various geographical and national angles, the series signifies a transformation of the field from a national – primarily American – to a broader international approach.
Volume I Origins
Volume II Crises and Détente
Volume II Endings
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First published 2010
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ISBN 978-0-521-83719-4 Hardback
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List of illustrations
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viii |
List of maps
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x |
List of graphs
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xi |
List of contributors to volume I
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xii |
Preface to volumes I, II, and III
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xv |
Note on the text
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xviii |
1 The Cold War and the international history of the twentieth century
Odd Arne Westad
|
1 |
2 Ideology and the origins of the Cold War, 1917–1962
David C. Engerman
|
20 |
3 The world economy and the Cold War in the middle of the twentieth century
Charles S. Maier
|
44 |
4 The emergence of an American grand strategy, 1945–1952
Melvyn P. Leffler
|
67 |
5 The Soviet Union and the world, 1944–1953
Vladimir O. Pechatnov
|
90 |
6 Britain and the Cold War, 1945–1955
Anne Deighton
|
112 |
7 The division of Germany, 1945–1949
Hans-Peter Schwarz
|
133 |
8 The Marshall Plan and the creation of the West
William I. Hitchcock
|
154 |
9 The Sovietization of Eastern Europe, 1944–1953
Norman Naimark
|
175 |
10 The Cold War in the Balkans, 1945–1956
Svetozar Rajak
|
198 |
11 The birth of the People’s Republic of China and the road to the Korean War
Niu Jun
|
221 |
12 Japan, the United States, and the Cold War, 1945–1960
Sayuri Guthrie-Shimizu
|
244 |
13 The Korean War
William Stueck
|
266 |
14 US national security policy from Eisenhower to Kennedy
Robert J. McMahon
|
288 |
15 Soviet foreign policy, 1953–1962
Vojtech Mastny
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312 |
16 East Central Europe, 1953–1956
Csaba Békés
|
334 |
17 The Sino-Soviet alliance and the Cold War in Asia, 1954–1962
Shu Guang Zhang
|
353 |
18 Nuclear weapons and the escalation of the Cold War, 1945–1962
David Holloway
|
376 |
19 Culture and the Cold War in Europe
Jessica C. E. Gienow-Hecht
|
398 |
20 Cold War mobilization and domestic politics: the United States
Laura McEnaney
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420 |
21 Cold War mobilisation and domestic politics: the Soviet Union
David Priestland
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442 |
22 Decolonization, the global South, and the Cold War, 1919–1962
Mark Philip Bradley
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464 |
23 Oil, resources, and the Cold War, 1945–1962
David S. Painter
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486 |
Bibliographical essay
|
508 |
Index
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552 |
1. ‘Liga Natsii: Kapitalisty vsekh stran, soediniaites’!’ by Viktor Nikolaevich Deni, 1919. A Soviet cartoon of French, American,
and British capitalists treading on starving workers, under the banner “Capitalists of all countries, unite!” Poster Collection,
RU/SU 1968, Hoover Institution Archives
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24 |
2. “Is This Tomorrow”: popular American cartoon showing an imagined future of the United States. Catechetical Guild Educational
Society of St. Paul, Minnesota, 1947
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37 |
3. Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman, and Iosif Stalin at Potsdam. © Corbis
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71 |
4. George Marshall and Dean Acheson. © Bettmann/Corbis
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78 |
5. Ruins of the northern Soviet city of Murmansk, June 1942. © Corbis
|
91 |
6. Viacheslav Molotov and Iosif Stalin at the Yalta conference. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
99 |
7. Ernest Bevin and Clement Attlee at the first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in London, 1946. © Hulton-Deutsch
Collection/Corbis
|
113 |
8. Housewives queuing for potatoes in London, 1947. © Keystone/Getty Images
|
118 |
9. British troops moving through Port Said, Egypt, during the 1956 Suez crisis. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
128 |
10. Soviet soldier directing traffic in bombed-out Berlin, 1945. © Yevgeny Khaldei/Corbis
|
146 |
11. Konrad Adenauer. © Roland Witschel/dpa/Corbis
|
152 |
12. Walter Ulbricht. © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis
|
153 |
13. Marshall Plan freight cars arrive at the German town of Furth im Wald. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
165 |
14. Hungarian election posters, 1947. © Bettmann/Corbis
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187 |
15. Communists shot by the government during the Greek Civil War, 1949. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
206 |
16. Josip Broz Tito, the leader of Yugoslavia, dancing with people in Dalmatia, 1950. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
210 |
17. Shanghai, 1948: queuing to exchange depreciated paper money for gold at a local bank. © Henri Cartier-Bresson/Magnum Photos
|
232 |
18. The chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao Zedong. © Wu Yinxian/Magnum Photos
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237 |
19. General Douglas MacArthur of the United States and Emperor Hirohito of Japan meet in the US embassy in Tokyo, September 1945.
© Bettmann/Corbis
|
246 |
20. North Korean leader Kim Il Sung. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
270 |
21. President Syngman Rhee of South Korea and US general Douglas MacArthur. © Corbis
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275 |
22. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles meet to discuss foreign affairs. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
291 |
23. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, and President John F. Kennedy. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
305 |
24. Soviet leaders at Stalin’s funeral. © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis
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313 |
25. Nikita Khrushchev showing the Supreme Soviet photos of Soviet military installations taken by the US U-2 spy plane before
it was shot down in 1960. © Bettmann/Corbis
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326 |
26. Nikita Khrushchev angered at a press conference in Paris during the 1960 summit meeting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
© Bettmann/Corbis
|
327 |
27. Hungary 1956: a man burning a picture of a statue of Lenin. © Bettmann/Corbis
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349 |
28. A Soviet engineer conferring with Chinese colleagues, Wuhan, 1956. © Bettmann/Corbis
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356 |
29. Nikita Khrushchev and Mao Zedong: a difficult toast during the 1959 meeting in Beijing. © Dmitri Baltermants/The Dmitri Baltermants
Collection/Corbis
|
369 |
30. Mushroom cloud over Nagasaki, 1945. © Bettmann/Corbis
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377 |
31. Soviets watch ICBMs parade along Red Square on the anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution, 1969. © Jerry Cooke/Corbis
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396 |
32. Kirov Ballet School, Leningrad (St. Petersburg), 1958. © Jerry Cooke/Corbis
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402 |
33. American jazz musician Louis Armstrong at a bookstore on rue de l’Odeon in Paris’s Latin Quarter, 1948. © Interpress/Sygma/Corbis
|
414 |
34. Senator Joseph R. McCarthy delivering a “report” on Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson, 1952. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
429 |
35. Children test the escape hatch of their family’s bomb shelter in Bronxville, New York, 1952. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
439 |
36. Women welders chatting, USSR, 1962. © Dmitri Baltermants/The Dmitri Baltermants Collection/Corbis
|
459 |
37. New housing in Novosibirsk, 1958. © Erich Lessing/Magnum Photos
|
461 |
38. Leaders of the Non-Aligned Movement. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
482 |
39. Anglo-Iranian Oil Company refinery, Ababan, 1955. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
499 |
40. Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard M. Nixon at dinner with King Saud of Saudi Arabia, 1957. © Bettmann/Corbis
|
506 |
1. Soviet territorial expansion at the end of World War II
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89 |
2. The division of Germany into occupation zones
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138 |
3. Europe divided, 1949
|
190 |
4. The Balkan states after World War II
|
199 |
5. Cold War East Asia and the Korean War (inset)–43
|
242 |
6. Decolonization in Africa and Asia since 1945
|
478 |