Cambridge University Press
052145445X - An Introduction to Christianity - by Linda Woodhead
Frontmatter/Prelims



An Introduction to Christianity




An Introduction to Christianity examines the key figures, events and ideas of two thousand years of Christian history and places them in context. It considers the material as well as the spiritual dimensions of this multi-faceted faith, and explores its interactions with culture and society. The volume pays particular attention to the ways in which Christianity has understood, embodied and related to power. It shows how the churches’ long-standing commitment to ‘higher power’, both human and divine, has been repeatedly challenged by alternative allegiances to ‘power from below’, both sacred and secular. By tracing the history of Christianity to the beginning of the third millennium, this book explores the ways in which churches of north and south have reacted to the rise of modem democracy and the cultural turn to subjective life.

LINDA WOODHEAD is a Senior Lecturer in Christian Studies at Lancaster University. She has written extensively on Christianity, culture and society. Recent books include The Spiritual Revolution: Why Religion is Giving Way to Spirituality (2004) (with Paul Heelas); Predicting Religion (2003) (with Grace Davie and Paul Heelas); Religions in the Modern World (2002); and Peter Berger and the Study of Religion (2001).




An Introduction to Christianity



Linda Woodhead




PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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© Linda Woodhead 2004

This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2004

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

Typeface Sabon 10/13.5 pt.   System LATEX 2e   [TB]

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 521 45445 X hardback
ISBN 0 521 78655 X paperback




Contents




    List of illustrations page vi
 
    Introduction 1
 
Part I   The Christian revolution: ascent to power
1   How Christianity came to power 9
2   Churches of east and west in the early Middle Ages 61
3   Christendom: the western church in power 105
 
Part II   The modern revolution: compromises with power
4   The Reformation in context 159
5   Protestant pathways into the modern world 204
6   Catholic and Orthodox negotiations with modernity 264
7   Twentieth-century fortunes 333
    Conclusion 404
 
    Chronology 410
    Index 423



Illustrations




  Plates
  1 Christ Helios, from the pre-Constantinian necropolis below St Peter’s (Rome); Bridgeman Art Library page 41
  2 Monastery of St Catherine, Sinai (Egypt); Bridgeman Art Library 54
  3 Interior of St Sophia, Constantinople (Istanbul); Bridgeman Art Library 65
  4 Interior of St Sophia: mosaic of the Virgin and Child, Constantine and Justinian; Bridgeman Art Library 78
  5 Interior of St Sophia: mosaic of the Deesis: Christ with Mary and John the Baptist (detail); Bridgeman Art Library 79
  6 Reliquary statue of St Foy, late tenth century (detail of the head); Bridgeman Art Library 99
  7 The illuminated letter ‘M’ from the Gospel of St Mark, Lindisfarne Gospels; Bridgeman Art Library 102
  8 Pope Gregory VII Absolving Henry IV, by Federico Zuccaro (c. 1540–1609); Bridgeman Art Library 114
  9 The Gero Crucifix, Cologne Cathedral (Germany); Cologne Cathedral 131
10 St Francis Renounces All Worldly Goods, by Giotto (c. 1266–1337), Assisi (Italy); Bridgeman Art Library 134
11 Annunciation, by Antoniazzo Romano (c. 1430–1512); Bridgeman Art Library 153
12 Martin Luther and his Friends, by Lucas Cranach the elder (1472–1553); Toledo Museum of Art, Ohio 168
13 The Trinity, by Lucas Cranach the elder (1472–1553); Museum der Bildenden Künste, Leipzig 190
14 Interior of St Odolphus Church, by P. J. Saenredam (1597–1665); Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam 216
15 Sunday Morning in Virginia, by Winslow Homer (1836–1910); Cincinnati Art Museum 255
16 The Triumph of the Chair of St Peter (Cathedra Petri), by Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680), St Peter’s, Rome; Bridgeman Art Library 276
17 Victory of Catholic Truth over Heresy, by Pierre Legros II (1666–1719); Bridgeman Art Library 279
18 The Burial of Count Orgaz, by El Greco (1541–1614); Bridgeman Art Library 284
19 The Escorial Palace (El Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo de El Escorial) by Spanish School (sixteenth century); Bridgeman Art Library 297
20 The signing of the Lateran Treaty between Italy and the papacy (1929); Bridgeman Art Library 311
21 The Holy Trinity, by Andrei Rublev (c. 1370–1430); Bridgeman Art Library 324
22 Allegory of the Russian Church and State, by I. Szczyrsk (Copyright holder cannot be traced) 326
23 God Bless America: Evanstown, Indiana, 2003 345
24 The Holy Family: in the grounds of the Crystal Cathedral, Los Angeles 346
25 Willow Creek Community Church, suburbs of Chicago 356
26 Statue of Norman Vincent Peale in the Crystal Cathedral, Los Angeles 360
27 The Secret of England’s Greatness, by Thomas J. Barker (1815–82); National Portrait Gallery, London 392
28 Charismatic ‘churches’ in a suburb of Santiago, Chile; David Martin, private collection 396
 
  Maps
1 The Roman empire in the time of Augustus page 13
2 The empires of late antiquity 68
3 ‘Europe’ around AD 1000 108
4 Christian Europe about 1500 166
5 Christian Europe about 1600 210
6 The church in North America, 1659 238
7 The world of Eastern Orthodoxy 322



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