Adler, W. A. 1, 2, 4, 8, 21, 93, 219, 222, 223, 224, 228, 229, 230, 235, 241
Alexander, P. S. 1, 22, 53, 59, 100, 132, 137, 138, 141, 201, 207, 211, 213, 219, 222, 223, 236, 243, 244, 245, 246, 255
Alter, R. 10
Argall, R. 43, 69, 70, 71
Babcock, W. S. 221
Bamberger, B. J. 9, 262
Barnard, L. 170, 173
Barr, J. 105, 106, 153
Bauckham, R. J. 9, 39, 82, 105, 120, 149, 176, 183, 184
Baumgarten, A. I. 62, 69, 85
Baumgarten, J. M. 278
Becker, A. H. 13, 22, 123, 127
Beckwith, R. 53, 56, 105, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135
Beit-Arié, M. 21, 234
Bickerman, E. J. 65
Black, M. 4, 17, 20, 32, 33, 34, 48, 72, 77, 78, 97, 105, 106, 148, 182, 230, 248
Blundell, S. 38
Boccaccini, G. 69, 73, 76
Böttrich, C. 236
Boyarin, D. 13, 53, 124, 125, 129, 140, 142, 143
Brakke, D. 132, 149, 193, 199, 200, 201
Brock, S. 4, 222, 225, 229
Brown, P. R. L. 177, 192
Bryan, D. J. 76
Burkert, W. 40, 163
Burns, J. P. 221
Carroll, R. P. 61
Charles, R. H. 3, 8, 9, 25, 26, 34, 88, 105, 148, 182, 244, 245
Chester, A. 7, 19, 72, 230
Cohen, S. J. D. 124, 129, 132
Collins, J. J. 3, 25–27, 29, 43, 44, 61–63, 66, 77, 78, 89, 100, 101, 103, 108
Conzelmann, H. 170
Cook, S. 61, 62
Cowley, R. W. 17
Cross, F. M. 63, 68, 132
Davidson, M. 1, 100, 116
Davies, P. 61, 62, 67, 71
Davila, J. 247, 248, 254
Delcor, M. 9
Deutsch, N. 246
Dexinger, F. 9, 78, 116, 117
Dillman, A. 9, 105, 148
Dimant, D. 1, 4, 9, 17, 25, 26, 28, 38, 42, 45, 75, 79, 89, 98
Dix, G. H. 18
Droge, A. 161, 165, 173
Elbaum, J. 22
Elman, Y. 10, 11
Erder, Y. 1
Ferguson, E. 40, 163
Field, F. 117
Fishbane, M. 65
Flemming, J. 3, 232
Flint, P. W. 99, 134
Flusser, D. 108
Fowden, G. 93
Fraade, S. D. 124, 236, 261
Frankfurter, D. 127, 128, 200, 228, 229, 230, 231, 247
Gager, J. G. 62, 123, 192
Gamble, H. Y. 10, 11, 193
García Martínez, F. 17, 26, 73, 74, 78, 79, 95
Gaster, M. 252, 258
Gaston, L. 123
Gershenzon, R. 139
Ginzberg, L. 138, 140, 143, 236, 253, 258, 261, 263
Goldstein, J. 87
Goodenough, E. R. 137, 160, 161
Goodman, M. 142
Gordon, R. 40, 253
Grabbe, L. 97, 98, 116
Graf, F. 39, 40
Graham, W. 21
Greenfield, J. 4, 18, 19, 54, 67, 245, 247, 259
Grelot, P. 53, 68, 88
Gruenwald, I. 5, 43, 55, 134, 241, 242, 243, 245
Hahneman, G. M. 193
Halperin, D. 69, 90, 91, 92, 93, 141, 241, 243, 250
Hanson, P. 25, 26, 28, 52, 61, 63, 98, 163, 165, 181
Harkness, D. E. 2
Hartman, L. 41, 52
Hayes, C. 125
Hayward, R. 214
Heller, B. 258, 262, 263, 267
Hendel, R. 5
Hengel, M. 39, 59, 65
Hezser, C. 146, 147
Himmelfarb, M. 1, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 52, 57, 62, 64, 65, 79, 82, 103, 104, 113, 121, 138, 139, 234, 236, 238, 239, 241, 243, 245, 246, 258, 268, 271
Hollander, H. W. 20
Houtman, A. 22
Idel, M. 269, 270
Ilan, T. 139
Jacobs, A. S. 194, 200
Jaffee, M. 10, 11, 12, 55, 65, 124, 146
Janowitz, N. 125, 140, 147
Jansen, H. L. 25, 53
de Jonge, M. 20, 127
Jung, L. 262
Kalmin, R. 140, 147
Kamesar, A. 194, 205
Kaufman, S. A. 213
Kilmer, A. D. 5
Kimelman, R. 124, 140, 192
Kister, M. 237
Knibb, M. A. 4, 7, 8, 17, 19, 20, 21, 62, 72, 153, 230
Koester, H. 123, 125
Kraft, R. A. 1, 57
Kruisheer, D. 222
Kugel, J. 10, 52, 53, 54
Kurfess, A. 108
Kuyt, A. 243
Kvanvig, H. 41, 53
Lachs, S. T. 139
de Lange, N. 258
Larson, E. 7, 72, 82, 105, 106, 230
Lawlor, H. L. 4, 105, 113, 148, 149, 157, 198, 199, 219, 222, 224, 227
Leiman, S. Z. 130, 131, 133, 143, 146, 208
Lieu, J. 124, 192
Lovejoy, A. O. 38
McDonald, L. M. 131, 135, 155, 193, 197
Metzger, B. M. 132, 193
Milik, J. T. 3, 4, 7, 17, 18, 19, 53, 59, 72, 78, 88, 96, 97, 100, 107, 230, 254, 258, 259, 260
Molenberg, C. 30, 37, 42, 98
Montgomery, J. A. 253, 254, 255
Moore, G. F. 123, 143
Morray-Jones, C. R. A. 246, 247
Müller, H. 41
Netzer, A. 255
Neugebaur, O. 68
Neusner, J. 140, 208
Newsom, C. A. 25, 40, 44, 50
Neyrey, J. H. 104, 105, 106
Nickelsburg, G. 3, 4, 7, 8, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 68, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 86, 87, 98, 100, 101, 112, 196, 227, 241
Nidich, S. 69
Odeberg, H. 244, 245, 246, 252, 255
Olyan, S. M. 65
Pagels, E. 52, 125, 169, 176
Pearson, B. 4, 227, 230, 231
Peerbolte, L. 86
Plöger, O. 61
Pomykala, K. 52
Rajak, T. 162, 173
Reed, A. Y. 13, 19, 28, 42, 44, 49, 63, 123, 162, 166, 177, 236, 239, 251, 256, 257
Reeves, J. C. 1, 96, 97, 148, 201, 221, 235, 239, 247, 248, 258, 259, 265
Reid, S. B. 64
Reimer, A. M. 100
Robbins, E. 236, 262, 264
Rowland, C. 41, 241
Rubenstein, J. 260
Ruether, R. R. 123
Rutgers, L. V. 192
Sacchi, P. 3, 73, 78
Saldarini, A. J. 65, 124, 139, 140, 241
Salvesen, A. 194, 217
Scaliger, J. J. 2
Schäfer, P. 11, 16, 22, 59, 129, 132, 141, 145, 208, 209, 235, 236, 241, 243, 245, 246, 249, 254, 258, 269
Schams, C. 65
Schaper, J. 135, 193, 205
Schiffman, L. 142, 143, 252, 253
Schmidt, N. 2
Scholem, G. 4, 5, 233, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 269
Schwartz, M. D. 60, 124, 131, 207, 242, 243, 252, 253, 254
Sed, N. 141
Segal, A. F. 247
Shaked, S. 252
Shinan, A. 214
Siker, J. S. 167
Simon, M. 123, 166, 176
Skarsaune, O. 162, 164, 165, 167, 171, 173
Slomovic, E. 139
Smith, J. Z. 67, 70, 132
Soggin, J. A. 5
Stadelmann, H. 65
Stemberger, G. 194, 263
Stendahl, K. 123
Stern, D. H. 144, 207
Sternberg, M. 10
Stone, M. 4, 18, 19, 41, 43, 52, 54, 58, 59, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 79, 101, 131, 134, 140, 143, 144, 241, 247, 259, 268
Strack, H. L. 263
Stroumsa, G. 3, 117, 149, 201, 215, 219, 222, 223, 224, 259
Stuckenbruck, L. 19, 84, 96, 97, 214, 258, 259, 265
Sundberg, A. C. 130, 131, 135
Suter, D. 30, 37, 39, 45, 63, 65, 98, 113, 248
Talmon, S. 10, 11, 55, 146
Ta-Shma, I. M. 258, 268, 271
Teugels, L. M. 260
Tigchelaar, E. J. C. 25, 26, 29, 39, 65, 95
Tov, E. 21
Ullendorf, E. 8
Ulrich, E. 55, 132, 133, 135
Urbach, E. E. 52
Vaillant, A. 103
van der Kooij, A. 70
VanBeek, L. 129
VanderKam, J. C. 1, 4, 8, 41, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 62, 66, 68, 74, 77, 78, 82, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 100, 103, 105, 130, 131, 133, 134, 148, 149, 152, 158, 174, 175, 196, 197, 219
Wagner, W. 9, 149, 201
Wasserstrom, S. 239, 248, 254, 255
Werman, C. 79
Wevers, J. W. 117
Wey, H. 9, 175
Wickham, L. R. 9, 82, 117, 218, 219, 222, 223
Wilken, R. L. 192
Yassif, E. 258, 271
Zevit, Z. 133
HEBREW BIBLE
Genesis, 6, 52, 53, 54, 56, 89
1–9, 53
1–11, 51
2–3, 6, 49, 51, 52, 86, 89, 115, 166, 169, 178
2–5, 53
4, 76
4:22–24, 38
4:26, 213
5, 89
5–6, 89
5:19, 1
5:21, 1
5:21–14, 209
5:21–24, 24, 54, 80, 123, 138, 190
5:21–25, 90, 234
5:22, 1
5:24, 1, 24, 139
6, 79, 91
6–8, 78
6–9, 28, 90, 211
6:1–4, 5, 14, 15, 24, 27, 29, 53, 54, 56, 69, 71, 82, 86, 90, 102, 106, 107, 109, 110, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 122, 123, 125, 136, 137, 138, 139, 148, 149, 151, 155, 156, 159, 190, 191, 193, 198, 202, 205, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 234, 236, 267
6:1–4 (LXX), 107
6:2, 57, 208, 211, 214, 217
6:2 (LXX), 107, 117, 118, 218
6:3–6, 27
6:4, 214
6:4 (LXX), 107, 117
6:5–7, 90
6:5, 31, 53, 92
6:7, 261
6:11, 28
6:11–12, 31
6:12, 32
6:13–21, 42
Exodus
15:26, 142
Leviticus
16, 97, 263, 267
Numbers
13:33, 215
Deuteronomy
18:9–14, 40
18:10–12, 41
25:9, 113
29, 235
31, 235
32:17 (LXX), 165
32:8 (LXX), 118
Joshua
2, 235
9, 235
2 Samuel
19:9, 101
2 Kings
2:11, 139
22:8–20, 57
Isaiah
2:20, 38
14, 116
31:7, 38
44:25–26, 41
46:4, 250
46:9–11, 41
47:12–13, 41
60:22, 142, 145
Jeremiah
10:4, 38
Ezekiel
7:19, 38
28, 116
28:3–4, 182
Hosea
8:4, 38
Zechariah
3:1–2, 94
Psalms
8:2, 250
95:5 (LXX), 161, 165, 168
106:37 (LXX), 165
135, 235
Proverbs
30:1–4, 43
Job
1:6 (LXX), 118
1:6–2:7, 94
2:1 (LXX), 118
11:28, 43
11:38–40, 43
11:5–6, 43
28, 40
38:7 (LXX), 118
Qohelet, 43, 58, 63, 134, 136, 145
3:21, 43
Daniel, 57, 61, 62, 63, 71, 101, 105, 119, 130, 136, 140, 207
1:20, 41
2–6, 41
2:16–19, 42
2:26–30, 42
2:47, 42
4:9, 41, 42
5:11, 41
7–12, 61
Nehemiah
9, 104
1 Chronicles
21:1. 94
PRE-RABBINIC JEWISH LITERATURE
1QNoah, 100
1QS (Rule of the Community) VIII, 4–10, 73
4Q227 (Pseudo–Jubilees) frag.2, 82, 99
4Q510 (Songs of the Sagea) I, 5, 164
4QAgesCreat (Ages of Creation) frag. 1 7–10, 97
“Animal Apocalypse.” See Book of Dreams
“Apocalypse of Weeks.” See Epistle of Enoch
Astronomical Book (1 Enoch 71–82), 3, 17, 18, 41, 42, 43, 44, 59, 60, 62, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 80, 86, 87, 88, 103, 113, 198, 227, 245
4QEnastra, 3
1 Enoch 70–77, 248
1 Enoch 76:5, 77
1 Enoch 76:12, 196
1 Enoch 81:1–82:4, 19
1 Enoch 81:5, 196
1 Enoch 82:1, 196
2 Baruch, 61, 101, 116, 169
53, 110
54–76, 110
56:5–16, 111
Book of Dreams (1 Enoch 83–90), 17, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 72, 74, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 95, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 113, 119, 156, 227, 245
1 Enoch 83–84, 78, 91
1 Enoch 83–90, 59
1 Enoch 83:1, 196
1 Enoch 83:10, 196
1 Enoch 84:4, 78
1 Enoch 85–90, 74
1 Enoch 85:1–2, 196
1 Enoch 85:5, 76
1 Enoch 86–89, 74
1 Enoch 86:1–2, 36
1 Enoch 86:1–3, 75
1 Enoch 86:1–89:1, 74
1 Enoch 86:2, 76, 92
1 Enoch 86:4, 212
1 Enoch 86:6, 77
1 Enoch 88–89, 18
1 Enoch 88:1–3, 75
1 Enoch 89, 18
1 Enoch 89:42, 77
1 Enoch 89:42–49 (in Codex Vaticanus Gr. 1809), 21, 153
1 Enoch 89:75, 76
1 Enoch 90:2–4, 77
1 Enoch 90:6–7, 72
1 Enoch 90:21–24, 74
Book of Giants, 18, 19, 95, 96, 100, 177, 227, 235, 240, 248, 258, 259, 265
1QEnGiantsa ar frag.14, 97
2QEnGiants ar, 96
4QEnGiantsa, 19
4QEnGiantsa ar frag.1, 2, 97
4QEnGiantsa ar frag.7 I, 6, 97
4QEnGiantsa ar frag.7A–8, 96
4QEnGiantsa ar frag.8, 5, 97
4QEnGiantsb II, 21–III, 11, 96
4QEnGiantsb II, 4–10, 96
6QpapEnGiants ar II, 96
Book of the Watchers, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 53, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 74, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 93, 95, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 113, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 126, 128, 129, 133, 135, 138, 140, 142, 145, 148, 149, 152, 154, 157, 160, 170, 186, 188, 191, 193, 194, 197, 206, 210, 212, 218, 220, 226, 227, 228, 229, 236, 246, 273, 274, 275, 276
4QEna, 19, 96
4QEna IV, 1–2, 32
4QEna IV, 5, 42
4QEnb, 17, 100
4QEnb III, 2, 32
4QEnb III, 5, 42
4QEnc, 19, 100
4QEnd, 100
4QEne, 100
1 Enoch 1–5, 24, 45
1 Enoch 1:1–32:6 (in Codex Panopolitanus), 7
1 Enoch 1:3–9, 196
1 Enoch 1:9, 4, 105
1 Enoch 2–5, 41, 163
1 Enoch 2:1, 41, 163
1 Enoch 2:2, 41
1 Enoch 2:3–5:1, 41
1 Enoch 3:1–4:1, 163
1 Enoch 5:1, 41, 163
1 Enoch 5:4–9, 41
1 Enoch 6, 90, 104, 114, 116, 225, 254
1 Enoch 6–7, 27, 28, 34, 36
1 Enoch 6–8, 35
1 Enoch 6–9, 74
1 Enoch 6–11, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 63, 71, 75, 78, 90, 91, 98, 113, 253, 256, 257, 268
1 Enoch 6–16, 4, 5, 27, 39, 45, 50, 51, 71, 74, 86, 88, 89, 90, 96, 102, 103, 106, 116, 161, 177, 178, 183, 187, 215, 218
1 Enoch 6:1–2, 52
1 Enoch 6:1–8, 28
1 Enoch 6:1–10:15 (in Syncellus), 7
1 Enoch 6:2, 118
1 Enoch 6:3–6, 31
1 Enoch 6:3–7, 34
1 Enoch 6:6.
1 Enoch 6:19 (in Syncellus), 230
1 Enoch 7, 30, 31, 32, 35, 91
1 Enoch 7–8, 32
1 Enoch 7:1, 30, 32, 34, 37, 75, 90, 104, 109, 114, 164, 175, 177
1 Enoch 7:2, 30
1 Enoch 7:2–5, 31, 90
1 Enoch 7:2–6, 28
1 Enoch 7:3, 75
1 Enoch 7:3–5, 30, 31, 91, 92
1 Enoch 7:6, 30
1 Enoch 7:8, 104
1 Enoch 7:24, 92
1 Enoch 8, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 40, 51, 75, 114, 176, 177, 179, 195, 229, 236
1 Enoch 8:1, 31, 32, 38, 72, 178
1 Enoch 8:1–2, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 90, 112, 114, 164, 176, 183, 257, 263, 266
1 Enoch 8:1–2, 28, 38
1 Enoch 8:1–2 (in Syncellus), 257
1 Enoch 8:1–3, 28, 75, 90
1 Enoch 8:2–3, 114, 175
1 Enoch 8:2, 32, 40, 178, 268
1 Enoch 8:3, 31, 32, 34, 37, 41, 42, 49, 92, 109, 164, 177, 183, 257
1 Enoch 8:4–9:3, 7
1 Enoch 8:4–9:11, 28
1 Enoch 8:4, 28, 30, 31
1 Enoch 9, 28
1 Enoch 9–10, 50, 75
1 Enoch 9:10, 30, 33
1 Enoch 9:1–10:15 (in Syncellus), 230
1 Enoch 9:6–10, 28, 30, 32, 36
1 Enoch 9:6–7, 33, 34
1 Enoch 9:6, 28, 33, 75, 90, 183
1 Enoch 9:7, 33, 34, 164
1 Enoch 9:8, 33, 34, 164
1 Enoch 9:9, 30, 33, 90
1 Enoch 10, 75, 98, 150, 156
1 Enoch 10–11, 72, 74
1 Enoch 10:1–3, 28
1 Enoch 10:4–5, 91
1 Enoch 10:7, 183
1 Enoch 10:7–8, 75
1 Enoch 10:7–8, 28
1 Enoch 10:9–10, 91
1 Enoch 10:9–16, 173
1 Enoch 10:11–11:2, 28
1 Enoch 10:12–13, 109, 116
1 Enoch 10:13–14, 149
1 Enoch 11–12, 115
1 Enoch 12, 242
1 Enoch 12–13, 150, 158
1 Enoch 12–16, 24, 25, 26, 39, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 63, 64, 65, 75, 92, 96, 104, 113, 172, 182, 257
1 Enoch 12:1, 36
1 Enoch 12:1–2, 47, 52
1 Enoch 12:1–6, 48
1 Enoch 12:3–13:3, 48
1 Enoch 12:3–4, 58
1 Enoch 12:3–6, 44, 47
1 Enoch 12:4, 45, 92
1 Enoch 12:4–6, 173
1 Enoch 12:4–13:3, 44
1 Enoch 13, 64
1 Enoch 13:1, 45, 75
1 Enoch 13:1–2, 44, 46, 47, 183
1 Enoch 13:2, 47, 48, 164
1 Enoch 13:3–14:25, 46, 48
1 Enoch 13:3–4, 47, 48
1 Enoch 13:4, 70
1 Enoch 13:7–14:7, 47
1 Enoch 13:8, 48
1 Enoch 14, 5, 64, 242
1 Enoch 14:1, 88
1 Enoch 14:3, 48
1 Enoch 14:6–7, 70
1 Enoch 14:8–24, 47, 48
1 Enoch 15, 65, 73, 90
1 Enoch 15–16, 45, 48, 94, 163
1 Enoch 15:1, 58
1 Enoch 15:1–12, 47
1 Enoch 15:2, 48
1 Enoch 15:2–12, 92
1 Enoch 15:2–16:4, 44
1 Enoch 15:3, 45, 70
1 Enoch 15:3–4, 65, 163
1 Enoch 15:4–7, 45
1 Enoch 15:6, 45
1 Enoch 15:8, 46, 77
1 Enoch 15:8–12, 173
1 Enoch 15:8–16:1, 90, 93
1 Enoch 15:8–16:2 (in Syncellus), 7, 230
1 Enoch 15:9, 46
1 Enoch 15:9–12, 45
1 Enoch 15:10, 46
1 Enoch 15:11–12, 46
1 Enoch 16, 48
1 Enoch 16:1, 46, 94
1 Enoch 16:2, 48
1 Enoch 16:2–3, 46, 47, 183
1 Enoch 16:3, 45, 75, 184
1 Enoch 16:3–4, 48
1 Enoch 16:6–10, 70
1 Enoch 17, 25
1 Enoch 17–18, 50
1 Enoch 17–19, 25, 45, 47, 49
1 Enoch 17–36, 41, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 88, 103
1 Enoch 17:2, 48
1 Enoch 17:3, 49
1 Enoch 18:15, 50
1 Enoch 19, 103
1 Enoch 19:1, 38, 77, 93, 114, 164
1 Enoch 19:1–2, 49, 50, 51, 90
1 Enoch 19:3, 148, 197
1 Enoch 20–36, 18, 25, 45, 49, 51
1 Enoch 23–36, 88
1 Enoch 24–25, 51
1 Enoch 26:9–27:7 (in Syncellus), 7
1 Enoch 32:6, 49, 51, 166
Damascus Document, 95, 104
CD A I, 7–9, 73
CD A II, 14–17, 99
CD A IV, 12–18, 99
CD A V, 17–19, 99
CD A XVI, 3, 100
4Q266 2 II, 13–17, 99
4Q266 2 II, 17–19, 99
2 Enoch, 3, 4, 103, 110, 113, 119, 188, 198, 227, 246, 247, 277
7:3, 103
7:5, 103
18:1–2, 103
18:2–5, 104
18:8–9, 104
19:17–19, 104
22–23, 246
30:16, 52
Epistle of Enoch (1 Enoch 91–105/6/7), 7, 17, 18, 61, 64, 65, 74, 81, 82, 84, 87, 88, 89, 95, 100, 101, 102, 103, 113, 152, 156, 227, 230, 245, 276
4QEnc (I–II), 79
1 Enoch 91–105, 17
1 Enoch 91:1–2, 196
1 Enoch 91:11–17, 74, 77
1 Enoch 91:15, 78
1 Enoch 92–105, 19, 59, 72
1 Enoch 93:10, 64
1 Enoch 93:1–10, 74, 77
1 Enoch 93:2, 64
1 Enoch 93:3–4, 77
1 Enoch 93:9–10, 72
1 Enoch 94:8, 64
1 Enoch 96:5, 64
1 Enoch 98:4, 78, 95
1 Enoch 106, 79
1 Enoch 106–7, 79, 91, 96
4 Ezra, 61, 144, 146
3:7, 52
3:14–22, 101
3:21–22, 52, 101
3:25–26, 101
4:30, 52, 101
7:118, 52, 101
14, 196
14:26, 135
14:45–47, 143
14:46, 135
63–66, 52
Genesis Apocryphon
II–V, 79
II, 1, 91, 96
II, 16, 79
Flavius Josephus
Against Apion 1.37–43, 134
Jewish Antiquities 1.69–70, 93
Jewish Antiquities 1.72–74, 222
Jewish Antiquities 1.73, 107
Jewish Antiquities 1.85, 82
Jewish Antiquities 9.28, 82
Jewish Antiquities 17–20, 86
Jewish War 2.165, 142
Jewish War 2.254–65, 86
Jubilees, 82, 85, 87, 118, 120, 122, 133, 134, 169, 186, 258, 268, 276
1:1–7, 145
2:23, 134
3, 89
4, 88, 100, 233
4–5, 89
4:15–26, 87
4:15, 90, 214
4:17–18, 87, 88
4:17–19, 82
4:17–22, 81
4:18–19, 87, 88
4:21, 100
4:21–22, 88, 94, 158
4:22, 90
4:23–25, 87
4:27–28, 92
4:30, 52
4:33, 92
5, 90
5–7, 90
5:1, 91
5:1–10, 87
5:2, 90, 91
5:6, 91
5:7–10, 91
5:13, 91
5:13–18, 91
5:15–16, 91
5:17–18, 91, 98
5:20–32, 90
7:20–21, 38
7:20–23, 91
7:20–39, 87, 89, 92
7:21, 91, 92
7:22–23, 92
8:2–3, 92
8:2–4, 89
8:3, 92
8:5, 93
10, 89, 164
10:1–17, 87
10:5, 93
10:7–9, 94
10:10–11, 94
10:12, 94
10:13–14, 94
10:1–6, 93
11:4–5, 93, 94
21:10, 87
1 Maccabees 2:51–61, 104
2 Maccabees 2:13–15, 130
Philo of Alexandria
De Abrahamo 17–19, 82
De mutatione nominum 33–34, 82
De posteritate Caini 43–43, 82
De praemiis et poenis 10–27, 82
Quaestiones et solutiones in Genesin 82–86, 82
Pseudo–Eupolemus
apud Eusebius Praeparatio evangelica 9.17.8–9, 107
Pseudo–Philo, Liber antiquitatum biblicarum, 260
1.15–17, 82
Sibylline Oracles 1.90–103, 108
Similitudes of Enoch (1 Enoch 37–71), 4, 17, 113, 120, 227, 246, 247, 276
1 Enoch 54:6, 115
1 Enoch 55–58, 77
1 Enoch 61:10–12, 248
1 Enoch 64:2, 114
1 Enoch 65:11, 114
1 Enoch 65:6, 176
1 Enoch 65:6–7, 114
1 Enoch 66–69, 77
1 Enoch 67:4, 114
1 Enoch 69, 115
1 Enoch 70–71, 246, 256
Wisdom of Solomon
4:10–15, 82
13:10, 38
Wisdom of Ben Sira, 43, 57, 59, 60, 70, 71, 81, 84, 143, 239
3:20–21, 141
3:21–22, 43
15:14, 52
15:17, 52
16:7, 70
16:7–9, 104, 210
20:20, 43
25:24, 52
33:14–15, 101
34:1–8, 43
39:1–3, 70
41:4, 43
44:16, 69, 82, 158
44–50, 104
49:14, 69, 82, 158
NEW TESTAMENT
Gospel of Matthew
4:24, 187
5:17, 153
7:12, 153
8:16, 187
8:28–33, 187
9:32–34, 187
12:22–28, 187
17:15–20, 187
Gospel of Mark
1:32–39, 187
5:6–16, 187
7:26–30, 187
16:9, 187
Gospel of Luke
4:33–41, 187
8:2, 187
8:27–36, 187
9:38–43, 187
10:18, 116
11:14–20, 187
24:47, 153
Gospel of John
1:45, 153
10:18, 184
Acts of the Apostles 28:23, 153
Romans 5:12, 52, 101
1 Corinthians
11:10, 178
15:21–22, 101
15:21–22, 52
19–21, 165
2 Corinthians 11:13–15, 176
1 Timothy 4:1, 176
2 Timothy 3:16, 196
Epistle to the Hebrews 11, 82, 104, 158
2 Peter
2:4, 106, 173
2:9–10, 106
3:18–20, 110
Epistle of Jude
5–8, 104
6, 104, 163
7, 104, 210
14–15, 20, 105
Revelation
2:10, 116
9:1, 116
9:2, 165
12:9, 116
20:2, 116
20:2–3, 116
LATE ANTIQUE AND MEDIEVAL LITERATURE
Aggadat Bereshit, 235, 260, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267
Apocalypse of Abraham
14:4, 98
14:5, 98
Athanasius
Epistulae festales 39, 200, 220, 229
Historia Arianorum 78.1, 200
Athenagoras, Legatio pro Christianis
24, 152
24–26, 152, 175
Augustine
De civitate Dei 14, 52
De civitate Dei 15, 15, 188, 202, 203, 218, 220
De civitate Dei 18.37–38, 202, 203
Enarrationes in Psalmos 196, 124
Bar Hebraeus 3, 225, 229
Bereshit Rabbati, 208, 259, 260, 262, 265, 266, 267
9:7, 101
26:4, 101
Johannes Cassianus, Collatio 7.20, 202
Cedrenus. 1.19.2–20.2, 229
Chronicle of Yeraḥmeel, 235, 260
25, 258, 259
72.1, 260
87–100, 260
1 Clement
9–10, 158
Clement of Alexandria
Eclogae propheticae 2.1, 148, 152
Eclogae propheticae 53.4, 148, 175, 182
Paedagogus 3.2, 178
Stromata 1.7.81, 183, 184
Stromata 1.12, 184
Stromata 1.16.80, 183
Stromata 3.7.59, 178
Stromata 5.1.10, 48, 148, 182, 184
Stromata 6.8.66, 183
Stromata 6.17.159, 183
Commodian, Instructiones 3, 175, 176, 178
Cyprian
De habitu virginum 13–14, 180
Quod idola dii non sint 6, 175
Cyril of Alexandria, Contra Julianum 9, 199
Didascalia Apostolorum 26, 124
3 Enoch (Sefer Hekhalot), 4, 235, 238, 243, 244, 245, 246, 248
1, 249
1–2, 244
3–15, 249, 256
3–16, 236, 239
4, 239, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 256, 261, 263
5, 239, 249, 256, 261, 263, 267, 268, 270
6, 251, 257
7, 257
23–43, 244
43–44, 249
64–79, 255
Ephraim
Commentary on Genesis 6:3, 211
Hymns on Paradise 1.11, 225
Epistle of Barnabas
4, 148
4:3, 152, 229
16:6, 20
Esther Rabbah 7:9, 211
Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica
3.25.1–7, 204
4.26.13–14, 134, 145
6.17, 217
6.25, 145, 204
7.32.19, 148, 198
Genesis Rabbah
1:1, 145
17:2, 52
19:7, 209
25:1, 138, 139, 234
26:5, 137, 208, 209, 210, 211
26:5–7, 209
26:7, 211, 215, 216
27:4, 211
34:8, 38
50:7, 211
65:21, 208
91:3, 143
Hermian, Irrisio 1, 183
Ignatius, To the Magnesians 10.3, 124
Irenaeus
Adversus haereses 1.6.3, 176
Adversus haereses 1.10.1, 149, 150, 152
Adversus haereses 1.15.6, 98, 175, 177
Adversus haereses 1.27.3, 158
Adversus haerese 3.2.2, 177
Adversus haereses 3.11.9, 200
Adversus haereses 3.12.12, 176
Adversus haereses 4.16.2, 148, 158
Adversus haereses 4.36.4, 104, 150
Adversus haereses 5.5.1, 158
Adversus haereses 5.26.2, 176
Adversus haereses 13.4, 176
Adversus haereses 16.1, 176
Adversus haereses 21.1, 176
Adversus haereses 25.3, 176
Adversus haereses 27.4, 176
Epideixis tou apostolikou kerygmatos 18, 175, 176, 177
Jerome
Commentariorum in Habacuc 2.3, 217
De viris illustribus 4, 204
De viris illustribus 54, 217
Justin Martyr
1 Apologia 5, 166, 170
1 Apologia 15, 166
1 Apologia 21, 172
1 Apologia 25, 172
1 Apologia 32.4–6, 167
1 Apologia 35.6, 167
1 Apologia 38.7–8, 167
1 Apologia 40.6, 167
1 Apologia 41, 165
1 Apologia 44, 173
1 Apologia 45, 173
1 Apologia 46, 172
1 Apologia 47–49, 167
1 Apologia 52, 173
1 Apologia 53.2–3, 167
1 Apologia 54, 166
1 Apologia 54–55, 172
1 Apologia 56, 166
1 Apologia 58, 166
1 Apologia 62, 166
1 Apologia 63, 169
1 Apologia 67.3–4, 153
1 Apologia 69–70, 172
2 Apologia 1.2, 162, 165
2 Apologia 1.7, 165
2 Apologia 4, 162
2 Apologia 5, 162, 164, 166
2 Apologia 6, 170, 171, 172, 174
2 Apologia 8, 170, 171, 173
2 Apologia 9, 172
2 Apologia 10, 170, 171
2 Apologia 12, 172
2 Apologia 13, 171
2 Apologia 14, 172
2 Apologia 15, 172
Dialogus cum Tryphone 11, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 16.4, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 17, 167, 168, 169
Dialogus cum Tryphone 18, 167, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 19, 158, 165, 167, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 20, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 23, 158, 160, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 25.5, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 26, 167, 169
Dialogus cum Tryphone 27, 165, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 28, 173
Dialogus cum Tryphone 30, 168, 170, 173
Dialogus cum Tryphone 32.3, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 43, 158, 160, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 44, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 45, 158, 160, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 46, 167, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 49, 170, 173
Dialogus cum Tryphone 55, 165, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 73, 165, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 76, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 78, 170, 173
Dialogus cum Tryphone 79, 137, 165, 216
Dialogus cum Tryphone 83, 165, 168, 170
Dialogus cum Tryphone 85.3, 173
Dialogus cum Tryphone 91, 168, 170
Dialogus cum Tryphone 92, 158, 160, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 93.4, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 95, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 96, 169
Dialogus cum Tryphone 100, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 102, 174
Dialogus cum Tryphone 103.2, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 104.1, 167
Dialogus cum Tryphone 108, 167, 169
Dialogus cum Tryphone 119, 165, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 121, 170
Dialogus cum Tryphone 125, 170, 173
Dialogus cum Tryphone 131, 169, 170, 173
Dialogus cum Tryphone 132, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 133, 165, 167, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 135, 168
Dialogus cum Tryphone 137, 173
Dialogus cum Tryphone 141, 174
Lactanius, Divinarum institutionum VII, 174, 175
Leviticus Rabbah
23:9, 211
28:1, 134
29:11, 139, 234
John Malalas, Chronographia, 225
Michael Syrus, Chronicle
1.1, 225
1.3, 225, 229
1.4, 225
Midrash Aggadah Genesis 5:25, 236
Midrash ha–Gadol
Genesis 5:24, 139
Genesis 6:4, 212
Midrash Petirat Moshe Rabbenu, 261, 263
Midrash Vayyosch, 267
Minucius Felix, Octavius 26–27, 175
Mishnah
Berakhot 1:5, 142
Berakhot 5:2, 142
Berakhot 9:5, 142
Ḥagigah 2:1, 140, 141, 142, 207
Baba Metzia 4, 209
Sanhedrin 10:1, 134, 140, 142, 144, 145, 150, 207
Sanhedrin 11, 209
Eduyot 5:3, 134
Yadayim 3:5, 134, 145
Yadayim 4:6, 146
Numbers Rabbah
5:3, 211
9:24, 211
20:2, 211
Origen
Commentary on John 6.25, 148, 197
Commentary on Matthew 79, 194
Contra Celsum 5.52–55, 148
Contra Celsus 5.52, 198
Contra Celsus 5.54, 198, 199
Contra Celsus 5.55, 220
Epistula ad Africanum 13, 204, 205
Homilies on Jeremiah 12.13, 194
Homilies on Leviticus 5.8, 124
Homilies on Numbers 28, 15, 20, 148
On First Principles 1.3.3, 20, 148, 197
On First Principles 4.4.8, 20, 148, 152, 197
Panodorus, 224, 225, 229
Pesiqta de Rab Kahana 23:10, 139
Pesiqta Rabbati 34.2, 261
Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer
6–8, 264
8, 236, 264
22, 208, 211, 212, 213, 222, 255, 260, 262
Priscillian, Liber de fide 44–45, 200
Pseudo–Clementine Homilies
8, 248
8.7–8, 261, 264
8.12–13, 75
8.12–18, 128
Pseudo–Clementine Recognitions
1.29, 128
4.26–27, 128
Qohelet Rabbah
7:11, 143
7:15, 138
Rashi
on b. Niddah 61a, 261
on Numbers 13:3, 261
Rufinus, Expositio symboli apostolorum 36–38, 199
Seder Hadar Zeqenim, 262
Sifre Deuteronomy, 210
43, 210, 211
310, 211
311, 209
Sifre Numbers 86, 209
George Syncellus, Ecloga Chronographica, 42
11.19, 2, 257
11.19–13.19, 7, 229
14.1–14, 185, 229
19.24–20.4, 217, 219
24.6–9, 229
24.7–8, 230
24.10–27.7, 7, 229
27.11, 230
40.31–41.9, 93
53–56, 93
Talmud Bavli (Babylonian Talmud)
Berakhot 48a, 143
Berakhot 61a, 101
Shabbat 13b, 134
Shabbat 30b, 134
Shabbat 31a, 10
Shabbat 100a, 134
Eruvin 54b, 10
Yoma 67b, 216, 235, 252, 254, 263
Sukkah 52b, 101
Rosh ha–Shanah 5a, 146
Rosh ha–Shanah 11b–12a, 262, 264
Rosh ha–Shanah 15a, 146
Megillah 7a, 134
Ḥagigah 11b, 141
Ḥagigah 13a, 134
Ḥagigah 15a, 246, 251
Qiddushin 30b, 101
Baba Batra 14b, 130, 145
Sanhedrin 20a, 52
Sanhedrin 38a–b, 210
Sanhedrin 38b, 250, 251, 252
Sanhedrin 56a–57a, 38
Sanhedrin 108a, 210
Abodah Zarah 3b, 251
Menahot 65a, 146
Ḥullin 91b, 208
Niddah 61a, 215, 216, 235, 263
Talmud Yerushalmi (Palestinian Talmud)
Berakhot 11b, 143
Ḥagigah 77a, 141
Nazir 54b, 143
Sanhedrin 72, 52
Targum Neophyti
Genesis 6:2, 213
Genesis 6:4, 213
Targum Onqelos Genesis 5:24, 139, 234
Targum Pseudo–Jonathan
Genesis 5:24, 236
Genesis 6:1, 211
Genesis 6:3, 213
Genesis 6:4, 213
Tertullian
Adversus Iudaeos 4, 158
Apologeticus 22, 152
Apologeticus 35.12, 175
De cultu feminarum 1.1, 179
De cultu feminarum 1.2, 179, 181, 195
De cultu feminarum 1.2–3, 196
De cultu feminarum 1.3, 15, 138, 148, 179, 195, 196
De cultu feminarum 2.10, 148, 180, 196
De cultu feminarum 3.1–3, 20
De idololatria 15.6, 148, 152, 202
De idololatria 4.2, 148
De idololatria 4.2–3, 20, 152
De idololatria 4.3, 148
De idololatria 4:2–3, 175
De idololatria 9.1, 175
De virginibus velandis 7, 178
De virginibus velandis 8, 178
Testament of Abraham [B] 11:3–10, 82
Testaments of the 12 Patriarchs
Testament of Benjamin 9:1, 82, 112
Testament of Benjamin 10:6, 82
Testament of Dan 5:6, 82, 112
Testament of Judah 18:1, 112
Testament of Levi 10:5, 20, 82, 112
Testament of Levi 14:1, 20, 82, 112
Testament of Naphtali 2–3, 112
Testament of Naphtali 3:5, 163
Testament of Naphtali 4:1, 82, 112
Testament of Reuben 5, 104, 210
Testament of Reuben 5:4–6, 112
Testament of Reuben 5:5–7, 75
Testament of Reuben 5:6, 212
Testament of Simeon 5:4, 20, 82, 112
Testament of Zebulun 3, 112, 113
Tosefta
Berakhot 1:12, 142
Berakhot 3:9, 142
Berakhot 7:21, 142
Sotah 3:2, 211
Sanhedrin 12:9–10, 142
Ḥullin 10:6, 142
Miqvaot 7:1, 208
Yadayim 2:14, 134
Yadayim 2:19, 146
Yalqut Reubeni 25b–25c, 263
Yalqut Shimoni, 235, 258
Zohar
I 37b, 233
I 72b, 233
II 248b, 233
II 253b, 233
II 55a, 233
OTHER SOURCES
al-Tabari, History 1.173, 233
Cologne Mani Codex 58:6–60:7, 247
Diodorus Siculus 5.64.4–5, 40
Hesiod, Opera et dies
109–74, 108
109–201, 38
Iamblichus, De mysteriis 8.5, 93
Naveh and Shaked, ed., AMB
A 1:1, 252
A 1:1–3, 252
A 7:3, 252
A 7a:2–5, 252
Naveh and Shaked, ed., MSF 207
A 19:23, 252
Pliny, Naturalis historia 7.61, 40
Prometheus Bound 484–500, 40
Quran, 262
2.102 (Al-Baqarah), 255
Raymundi Martini, Pugio Fidei, 258
1 Enoch. See also Maṣḥafa Henok Nabiy
Aramaic fragments of. 3–4, 7, 17–18, 61, 100, 113, 233
as collection. 3, 8, 17–19, 57, 61
history of scholarship on. 2–5, 26, 28–29, 34, 57
prehistory of. 18–20, 230
Abba Saul. 145
Abel. 76
Abraham. 54, 108, 158, 202
Adam. 76, 262
and Christ. 166, 188
in Jewish mysticism. 269–70
Adam and Eve. 49, 76, 90, 101, 166
disobedience of. 51
in geneology of error. 52, 81, 85, 89, 101, 110, 111, 115–16, 166–67, 179, 188, 220
adjuration
of angels. 243, 253–54, 268
of celestial bodies. 267
Aḥiram. 96
alchemy. 184, 229
Alexander of Macedon. 59
amulets. 207, 252
Anakim. 215, 262–63
angelic descent
and anti-Christian polemics. 220
and anti-pagan polemics. 160, 164–65, 169, 172, 174–75, 186, 190
and origins of evil. 25, 37, 49, 51, 86, 101, 114, 120, 160, 163–64
chronology of. 35–37, 75, 112, 257, 261
euhemeristic interpretation of. 225, 229
for positive aims. 89, 90, 120, 261
historiographical appeal to. 108
human culpability for. 111
in anti-Christian polemics. 198–99
oral traditions about. 11, 29, 119, 151, 177, 188, 212, 238
post-Talmudic Jewish approaches to. 212–13, 238–40, 249, 251, 255, 258–59, 261, 266, 274
angelic sin. 28, 45, 47, 75, 236, 264
as epistemological transgression. 31–33, 46, 48–49, 65
as intermarriage. 76, 92–93, 95
as sexual transgression. 6, 28, 31, 34–35, 37, 45, 50, 64, 86, 90–92, 96, 102, 114, 119, 122, 178, 262
as transgression of proper roles. 24, 45, 116, 163, 164
angelology
and magic. 235, 252–53
Jewish. 115, 138, 209–10, 235, 248, 251
angels. See also fallen angels
accusing. 251, 252, 257, 263
and stars. 264, 268
free will of. 111, 168, 174
gatekeeping. 251
heavenly. 25, 28, 33, 36, 45, 50, 75, 250–51, 256, 261
interpreting. 110, 243
rivalry with humans. 213, 236, 250–52, 257, 261–64
veneration of. 138, 251
Annianus. 224–25, 229
Antiochus IV. 60, 73, 85
apocalyptic literature. 26, 149
and Astronomical Book. 62
and book of Daniel. 61–63, 140
and Book of the Watchers. 3, 63, 112
and Hekhalot literature. 5, 238, 241–43, 245, 246, 269
and Wisdom literature. 42–43, 63
history of scholarship on. 3, 61–62, 70, 275
Rabbinic attitudes towards. 140–42, 207
social settings of. 58, 61, 62, 67, 70, 240–41, 275
apocalypticism. 62, 140, 240, 275
apocrypha. 134, 199–200, 271
apology, apologetics
Christian. 161–62, 171–74, 185
Jewish. 107, 185
Aquila. 205, 213, 216–18, 226
Asael, Azael. 236, 239, 252–54, 259, 266, 267–68
and human sin. 37, 47, 76, 81, 263
and Prometheus. 39
and similarly named angels/demons. 97, 98, 177, 235, 236, 250, 252–53, 256, 257, 263, 265, 267
as accusing angel. 261
as culture-hero. 34–35, 38, 40
as first angel to descend. 35, 36, 75, 76, 257
as heavenly angel. 250–53, 261
as leader of fallen angels. 28
as one of the Nephilim. 214–16
as teacher. 6, 28, 30, 31, 33, 37, 40, 45, 112, 164, 178–79, 236, 256–57, 266–68
paired with Šemiḥazah/Šemḥazai. 28, 213–15, 235, 236, 240, 263, 267, 268
punishment of. 265
rebuke of. 44, 48
Asb’el. 114
Asia Minor. 108, 119, 156, 188, 199
Asterah. 261, 264
astronomy, astrology. 67, 68, 109, 223, 264
as angelic teaching. 109, 175, 177, 181, 187, 220, 224, 268
as invention of Sethians. 32, 224
Athanasius. 197, 199–204, 220, 228, 229, 273, 275
Athenagoras. 119, 152, 188, 204, 229
atonement. 97–98, 252
Augustine. 52, 188–89, 198, 202–3, 205, 217, 218, 220–21, 227, 273
authorship
in Christianity. 22
in Judaism. 54, 55, 234
premodern. 10, 23
Awim. 215
Azael. See Asael
Azazel. 97, 98, 115, 252, 255, 264
and Asael/Azael. 97, 98, 116, 177, 235, 252, 263, 265, 267, 271
and Satan. 177, 178
Azāzīl. 255
Azza(h)/Uzza(h). 235, 236, 249, 252, 253, 257, 263–64, 267–68
as heavenly angels. 250, 251, 253
as teachers. 256–57, 267
punishment of. 265
Bar Kokhba Revolt. 85, 124, 137, 140, 161, 167, 190, 191
Baraq’el. 97
Bardaisan. 149, 222
Baruch. 54, 110
Belial. 98, 99
Bogomils. 98, 277
Book of the Watchers
and etiology of evil. 51, 53, 164, 166, 186
and Greco-Roman culture. 38, 39, 60, 109
and Hekhalot literature. 15, 68, 238, 242, 245, 246
and the Epistle of Jude. 4, 15, 104–5, 119, 193, 196, 200–2, 204
authority of. 56, 57, 84, 94, 98, 105, 126, 136, 189, 193, 218, 227, 276
authors/redactors of. 14, 44, 55, 56, 58, 59, 64–69, 273, 276
circulation and transmission of. 119, 148, 185, 188
Jewish back-borrowing of. 13, 16, 191, 257, 258, 268, 270, 274
polysemy of. 16, 27, 29, 34, 35, 37, 45, 46, 51, 52, 63, 183
priestly interests of. 64, 65
quotations and allusions to. 86, 113, 119, 129, 133, 148, 179, 194, 197
readers of. 14, 82, 276
redaction of. 11, 16, 17, 21, 24–27, 29, 34, 35, 42, 49, 50
scribal interests of. 44
textual identity of. 17, 20, 21
Cain, Cainites. 38, 76, 221, 225, 265, 267
Cainan. 89, 92, 93
Cairo Genizah. 249, 252
calendar, calendrical issues. 66, 68, 101, 133, 141, 224, 264
Canaan. 215
Canaanites. 71
canon, canonization. 129, 132
history of scholarship on. 130–32
in Christianity. 15, 120, 132, 189, 199, 200
in Judaism. 18, 129–31, 133, 140, 143, 145
prehistory of. 55–56, 131, 133–34, 155, 199
relationship between Jewish and Christian. 15, 155, 193, 202, 204, 205
canonical consciousness. 16, 134, 135, 145, 155, 197, 200
Cedrenus. 225, 272
Celsus. 148, 198, 199, 220
Chester Beatty-Michigan Papyrus XII. 7, 19, 72, 230
Christ. 162, 166, 173
and demons. 172–74, 187
and Enoch. 150
and fallen angels. 110, 150, 156, 172–74
and Seth. 224
as Logos. 162, 170–74
Incarnation of. 170, 173
pre-Christian witnesses to. 152–55, 159
Christian Kabbalah. 2, 231
Christianity
and Greco-Roman culture. 147, 160–62, 165, 166, 168, 170, 171, 174, 185, 186, 190, 221
attitudes towards Jews in. 124, 156, 159, 161, 162, 166–69, 191, 192, 194
continuities with Judaism. 155, 156, 157, 190, 226
Jewish scriptures in. 15, 126, 135, 147, 152, 155, 186
origins from Judaism. 122, 123, 126, 127
Christology. 110, 150
chronography. 223, 257, 272
Enochic texts and traditions in. 2, 8, 108, 120, 219, 224, 229, 274, 276
circumcision. 158, 167
civilization
as decline. 15, 38, 40, 51, 76, 92, 179
origins of. 37, 38, 72, 109
Clement of Alexandria. 119, 149, 181–84, 188, 204, 229
Codex Panopolitanus. 3, 7, 19, 21, 154, 182, 227, 230
Commodian. 149, 176, 188
Constantine. 191
cosmetics, cosmetology. 40
and promiscuity. 32, 35, 38, 113, 176, 178–80
as angelic teaching. 37, 38, 112, 164, 176, 180, 181, 236, 267–68
cosmology
and ethics. 24, 67
in Enochic literature. 41, 42, 44, 49, 62, 67, 68, 71, 75, 103, 115, 172
Rabbinic attitudes towards. 140–41
covenant. 64, 68
Creation. 163, 172
as protological precedent for Eschaton. 115
in Wisdom literature. 43–44, 71
culture-heroes
Cainites as. 38
fallen angels as. 34, 35, 38, 40, 108–9
Greco-Roman traditions about. 39, 109, 184
Sethians as. 224–25
Cyprian. 149, 178, 180, 181, 188
Cyril of Alexandria. 199, 217–18, 223
daimones, 40, 163, 165, 186
Dee, John. 2
demonology
and magic. 115, 166, 177, 235, 252
Christian. 15, 161, 163, 166, 172, 173, 175, 179, 181, 186, 187
Jewish. 115, 164
demons. 77, 89, 95, 173, 215
and fallen angels. 49, 50, 100, 152, 163, 174, 175
and heretics. 176, 177, 187
and idolatry. 49–51, 93, 94, 114, 168
and pagan gods. 50, 165, 166, 168, 171, 186
and women. 179
as enemies of Christ. 162, 169–70, 172–74, 179–80, 186
as spirits of Giants. 46, 93, 94
Christian association with Jews. 168–69
pagan enslavement to. 162, 165, 166, 168–70, 172, 186
Diadochi. 59, 63
Diaspora Judaism. 82, 85, 106, 107, 109, 119, 122, 135, 228
Diodorus Siculus. 40
divination. 40, 89, 109
as angelic teaching. 32, 37, 49, 93, 120, 177, 181
biblical views of. 41
Mesopotamian. 41
dyes. 31, 32, 36, 112, 178, 236, 263, 267, 268
Edict of Milan. 15
Egypt. 59, 228
Enochic texts and traditions in. 119, 152, 156, 188, 201, 227–31, 273, 276
Elchaasites. 128, 227, 248, 265
Eleazar ben Asher Ha-Levi. 258–59
Elijah. 234
Emim. 215
Enoch. 1, 152, 254
and revealed knowledge. 24, 41, 42, 48, 49, 60, 61, 65, 72, 74, 78, 88, 103, 139, 172, 236
angelification of. 251
as author. 57, 80, 87, 88, 94, 103, 105, 112, 128, 148, 153, 193, 202, 236
as eschatological witness. 110
as intercessor for fallen angels. 64, 103, 104
as Metatron. 236, 244–47, 249, 256, 265, 269
as pre-Christian Christian. 123, 148, 157, 158, 190
as priest. 64, 65
as prophet. 25, 46, 72, 88, 105, 128, 148, 152, 153, 156, 157, 159, 202, 245, 247
as rebuking fallen angels. 25, 44, 45, 48, 90, 158
as righteous apart from the Law. 158, 190
as scribe. 48, 54, 58, 65, 80, 87, 88, 230, 245
death of. 138–39, 273
elevation of. 44, 46–49, 58, 64, 104, 158, 245, 248–50, 269
escape from death. 69, 156, 158, 190, 219, 236
in medieval Judaism. 233, 236, 247, 270
in Rabbinic Judaism. 138, 234, 273
otherworldly journeys of. 3, 5, 25, 46, 48, 51, 88, 103
Enochic Judaism. 69, 73
Enochic literary tradition. 55, 66, 112, 246
and 3 Enoch, 238, 239, 243–46, 249, 251, 256, 257
and Jubilees. 87, 88, 90, 94
eschatology in. 60, 62, 72, 74, 79
place of 2 Enoch in. 103, 104
place of Astronomical Book in. 65, 67
place of Book of Dreams in. 60, 61–65, 71, 72, 79–82, 84
place of Book of the Giants in. 96
place of Book of the Watchers in. 73, 113, 118
place of Epistle of Enoch in. 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 71, 72, 79–82, 84
place of Similitudes in. 113
scientific interests in. 67, 68, 81, 103
social settings of. 63, 68–70, 72–73, 240
Enochic literature
and Mesopotamian traditions. 67–69
and the Torah. 18, 40, 64, 89, 112, 139
at Qumran. 61, 129
authority of. 9, 15, 52, 80, 88, 100, 120, 138, 147, 152–56, 195–98, 203–4, 218, 227
Christian preservation of. 2, 4, 13, 15, 84, 123, 148, 157, 160, 185, 190, 273
Christian rejection of. 193, 195, 200–1, 204, 218, 226
circulation and transmission of. 9, 84, 127, 128, 152, 199, 227, 233
collection of. 7, 17–19, 20, 60, 63, 119
Ethiopian translation of. 8, 20, 230
exclusion from biblical canons. 8, 13, 129, 135–36, 195, 202–3, 273
Greek translations of. 7, 105–6, 117, 119, 157, 189
Latin translation of. 7, 21, 153, 157, 189
loss to the West. 2, 227, 231, 273
omission from biblical canons. 120, 198, 226
preservation of extracts from. 8, 21, 120, 153, 154, 157, 224–25, 229, 230, 239, 257, 268, 273–74
Rabbinic rejection of. 139, 140, 142, 190, 209, 234, 237, 238, 273
Enochic Pentateuch. 18, 19
Enochic Testament. 19
Enosh. 213, 222–23, 225, 236, 251, 256–57, 261, 263
Ephorus of Cyme. 40
Ephraim. 201, 226
Epiphanius. 224
epistemology. 14, 60, 62, 71, 75, 81, 183
eschatology. 62, 71, 72, 74, 80, 243, 269
and protology. 72
and sexual ethics. 180
Christian. 150, 173
in apocalyptic literature. 62, 240
Rabbinic. 140, 142, 208
Essenes. 85, 135, 142
Ethiopia
Aksumite Kingdom. 8
Enochic texts and traditions in. 3, 4, 8, 17, 120, 135, 227, 230–32, 273, 276–77
Eve. See also Adam and Eve
seduction of. 114, 115, 179
evil
and human responsibility. 37, 76–78, 174
pre-Rabbinic Jewish approaches to. 14, 76, 80, 95, 100, 101
problem of. 3, 35, 37, 81, 85, 94, 116, 165–66, 186
supernatural etiology of. 25, 28, 49–51, 53, 73, 163–64, 169
evil inclination. 6, 101, 261
Ezra. 54
fallen angels. 50, 119, 164–65, 172, 176, 186
and pagan gods. 161, 165–66, 170, 175, 186
and Sodomites. 210, 212
and stars. 236, 256
as Diadochi. 63
as enemies of Christ. 165, 169, 172–74
as Nephilim, 214–16
as paradigms of punished wicked. 47, 50, 70, 78, 80, 90, 98, 104, 106, 119, 149, 178
as priests. 39, 63–65
as stars. 36, 50–51, 75, 266
as tempted to earth by women. 35, 36, 111, 178
imprisonment of. 50, 91, 102–4, 109, 110
punishment of. 28, 45, 102, 104, 110, 119, 122, 150, 156, 173, 262
First Jewish Revolt. 124
Flood. 5, 77–79, 93, 94
as protological precedent to Eschaton. 72, 101, 110, 150
causes of. 35, 92, 113, 236, 262, 264
Generation of. 31, 209, 211, 213, 250–51, 257, 261–63
Garden of Eden. 51, 76, 87
Genesis
and Book of the Watchers. 5, 6, 14, 24, 27, 38, 51–54, 56, 70, 71, 82, 85, 86, 89, 102, 116–18, 126, 138, 156, 190, 206, 212, 218, 220, 225
and etiologies of sin and evil. 52, 53, 110, 115
and Jubilees, 89, 90
Christian exegesis of. 125, 138, 156, 178, 190, 193, 206, 217, 223
Enoch in. 1, 56, 89
history of interpretation of. 6, 14, 49, 53, 71, 76, 85, 107, 115, 116, 190, 212
oral interpretive tradition of. 54, 118, 151, 206, 212
Rabbinic exegesis of. 123, 125, 136, 139, 156, 207, 211, 222, 234
geography. 62, 67, 68
Giants. 96, 97, 108, 185, 219, 235
and demons. 46, 77, 93, 94, 163, 165
and pagan gods. 164, 165
as hybrid. 46, 76, 91
as paradigms of punished wicked. 70, 71, 80, 96
as symbols of foreign nations. 75, 77
euhemeristic interpretations of. 107, 215
Greco-Roman traditions about. 107
punishment of. 173
violence of. 28, 30, 31, 33, 45, 77
visions of. 96, 262
Gibborim. 5, 107, 214–15, 235, 266
Gilgamesh. 96
gnostics, Gnosticism. 12, 149, 201, 228, 275, 276
Greco-Roman culture
Christian polemics against. 160–62, 165, 168–70, 172, 181, 226
Jewish polemics against. 39, 107
Greco-Roman mythology. 107, 165, 186
Hahyah. 96, 97
Harut and Marut. 255, 262, 277
Haside Ashkenaz. 258
heavenly ascent. 49, 244, 248, 261, 268
and Hekhalot literature. 68, 242, 243
in apocalyptic literature. 62, 243
of Enoch. 3, 5, 24, 68, 121, 236, 242, 251
Hekhalot literature. 5, 15, 22, 68, 138, 235, 238, 240–43, 246–47, 248–49, 254, 268–69
and 3 Enoch. 243, 245, 246, 250
and Jewish magic. 254
heretics, heresiology
and canonization. 200, 201, 203
Christian. 157, 162, 174, 176, 247
Jewish. 139, 140, 143, 147, 207
Muslim. 247
Hermeticism. 228–29
Hermon, Mt. 48, 104, 225, 254
Hermoni. 32, 40, 109
Hesiod. 108
Hexapla. 204–5, 214, 217
Heyya and Aheyya. 262
historiography
biblical and Jewish. 8, 53, 54, 223, 272
Christian. 167, 172, 186, 272
Hellenistic. 8, 107, 156, 223
of antediluvian age. 14, 54, 78, 89, 92, 164, 220, 224, 263, 273
Ḥobabish. 96
Idaean Dactyls. 40
idolatry. 38, 168, 173, 186, 209
and Generation of Enosh. 236, 257, 261
as linked to fallen angels and demons. 49, 50, 51, 93, 94, 114, 164, 166, 168, 170, 181, 187, 256
Idris. 255, 277
impurity
geneological. 76, 91, 92
sexual. 30, 31, 34, 35, 64, 107
incantation bowls. 235, 252–55
intermarriage. 76, 91–93, 95, 221
Irenaeus. 104, 149, 150, 152, 158, 176–78, 188
Islam. 16, 239, 240, 254, 255, 262, 270, 274, 277
Israel. 1, 77, 137, 145, 149, 199
ancient. 54, 68, 69
and the angels. 91, 169, 210
and the nations. 60, 63, 76, 77, 80, 168
competing claims to status as. 124, 126, 142, 145, 157, 161, 194
Land of. 13, 18, 66, 82, 85, 122–24, 128, 139, 141, 143, 152, 156, 194, 204, 207, 252
Italy. 199, 228, 258
Japeth. 93
Jared. 1, 89, 90, 114, 154, 197, 214, 224
Jerome. 193, 201–3, 220, 226, 271
Jerusalem. 39, 58, 60–69, 70, 85–86, 167, 169, 195
Jesus. 86, 122, 167
Jesus Movement. 85, 86, 129, 135
and Christianity. 124, 127, 153
and Enochic texts and traditions. 13, 14, 73, 86, 110, 126, 129, 148, 152, 275
and Judaism. 122–24, 128, 190
Jewish-Christian relations. 15, 16, 125, 155–56, 190–91, 204, 269–71
and biblical exegesis and translation. 191, 193–94, 203–5, 217, 222, 226
continued complexity of. 16, 127, 192, 194
history of scholarship on. 13, 122–23, 191
new approaches to. 14, 192, 277
Jewish-Christians, Jewish-Christianity. 127–28, 139, 143, 147, 149, 161, 216, 248, 254–55, 264, 276–77
John Chrysostom. 192
Josephus. 107, 117, 134, 142–43, 156, 222–25, 239, 260, 270–71
Judas Maccabeus. 130
Julian. 199, 220
Julius Africanus. 118, 148, 185, 217, 219, 221, 222, 224
Justin Martyr. 6, 15, 137, 149, 160–75, 179, 180, 183, 185, 186, 188, 194, 204, 206, 216
Kabbalah. 269, 270
Kasadya. 115
Kasb’el. 115
knowledge
and sex. 30–32
and violence. 30, 31
corrupting power of. 6, 30, 32, 40, 115
heavenly. 184
human and divine. 38, 46
limits of human. 6, 43
revealed. 2, 24, 31–33, 42, 43, 49, 56, 60, 65, 71, 72, 74, 78, 80, 88, 89, 103, 105, 135, 139, 144, 182, 184
secret. 6, 32, 33, 42, 43, 46, 48, 49, 56, 61, 113, 114, 115, 176, 182–84, 197, 228
Kokabiel. 224
Korah. 71
Lactantius. 149
Lamech. 79, 96
Levi. 54, 208
literary production. 10–12, 16, 21–23
Christian. 147
medieval Jewish. 260, 271
Rabbinic Jewish. 22, 144–46, 260
Second Temple Jewish. 54, 55, 144, 145
Ma’aseh Bereshit. 141, 207
Ma’aseh Merkavah. 141
Maccabean Revolt. 59–61, 72, 73, 76, 85
magic
as angelic teaching. 32, 37, 40, 92, 109, 114, 164, 175, 177, 181, 187, 220, 236, 256, 257, 267, 268
as transcredal discourse. 254
Greco-Egyptian. 228, 252
Greco-Roman etiologies of. 40
Jewish. 207, 235, 252, 254
Maḥaway. 96
Mandaeans. 254, 255, 270
Mani, Manichees. 16, 18, 96–98, 128, 201, 215, 220, 221, 226, 227, 239, 240, 247, 248, 254, 255, 265, 270, 274, 276, 277
Marcion, Marcionites. 155, 161, 201
martyrdom. 162, 173
Mastema. 89, 93–95, 98, 178
Maṣḥafa Henok Nabiy. 3, 8, 17, 231, 276
modern Western discovery of. 3, 231
Melito of Sardis. 7, 19, 145
Melitus, Melitians. 200, 201
Merkavah mysticism, 5, 15, 35, 238, 240, 242–45, 247, 269
Mesopotamia. 41, 59, 68, 69, 226, 227, 247, 255, 264–66, 270
messianism. 140, 269
metalworking
and female vanity. 32, 35, 37, 38, 164, 176, 178, 267
and idolatry. 38, 256–57
and violence. 32, 38, 164
as angelic teaching. 31, 32, 37, 38, 40, 114
as invention of Cainites. 38
Greco-Roman etiologies of. 40
Metatron. 236, 245–47, 249, 253, 255–56, 262, 265, 269
Methusaleh. 1, 79, 195, 196
Michael. 109, 115
Michael Syrus. 153, 225, 229
Midrash. 10, 207, 236, 237, 249, 251, 259, 260
Midrash of Šemḥazai and Azael. 16, 240, 248, 258–60, 266, 268, 270, 271
Minicius Felix. 175
minut, minim, 139–40, 142–43, 147, 207, 210, 275
Moses. 145, 172, 215, 234, 263, 268
and Greek philosophy. 172, 181, 184, 202
as author. 54, 87, 89, 200
motif of illicit angelic instruction. 11, 25, 28–31, 33, 34, 47, 81, 92, 93, 113, 120–21, 256–57
Christian redeployment of. 15, 120, 160–61, 172, 174–75, 185–86, 188, 220
chronographical use of. 219, 223, 224, 229
epistemological ramifications of. 44, 46, 48, 65, 75, 181, 182, 184
etiological use of. 6, 37, 47, 174, 179, 180, 224
heresiological use of. 176, 177
in medieval Judaism. 236, 261, 266–68
inversion of. 89, 90, 113, 120, 181, 183, 229
origin of. 39, 42
polemical use of. 15, 161, 174, 188
suppression of. 6, 14, 73, 75, 81, 86, 102, 120, 122
Naamah. 264
Nephilim, 5, 107, 213–16, 263, 265–66
New Prophecy. 197
New Testament. 123
and Enochic texts and traditions. 4, 104, 105, 106, 109, 151, 229
canonization of. 193, 200
demonology in. 176, 188
Jews and Judaism in. 122
Nicea, Council of. 148
Noachite Commandments. 38
Noah. 78, 79, 89, 91–94, 96, 158, 262
North Africa. 149, 152, 188, 199, 228
Og. 215, 235
Ohyah. 96, 97
orality and textuality. 9–12, 22, 23, 54, 55, 118, 145, 236–37, 269
Origen. 20, 119, 138, 145, 148, 155, 188, 193–94, 197–98, 201, 204–5, 217, 219–20, 229, 271
orthodoxy
Christian construction of. 125, 150, 162
Rabbinic construction of. 125, 143, 147, 150
ouranography. 62, 67, 243
“outside books”. 134, 140, 142, 143, 208, 234, 239, 271, 275
Panodorus. 224, 229
parabiblical literature. 9, 10, 16, 54, 55, 144, 145, 201, 228, 238, 270
Paul. 86, 122, 178, 188
Penume. 115
persecution. 61, 62, 67, 77, 161, 162, 165, 168–74, 186, 187
Pharisees. 85, 132, 142
pharmacology. 40
as angelic teaching. 37, 40, 109
revelation to Noah of. 94
Philo of Alexandria. 102, 107, 117, 198, 217, 220
philosophy
and Christianity. 162, 171–73, 184, 186
as angelic teaching. 176, 181, 183, 184
Pico della Mirandola. 2
Plato. 172
polytheism. 37, 165, 166, 172–74, 181
priests, priesthood. 39, 60, 64, 65, 85, 124, 128, 146
Prometheus. 39, 40, 184
prophets, prophecy. 25, 46, 60, 72, 105, 146, 186, 193, 202, 247, 275
biblical. 62, 63, 68
Christian views of. 152–54
Pseudepigrapha. 57, 134
history of scholarship on. 9, 274
pseudepigraphy. 54, 55, 144, 145
apostolic. 147
Enochic. 54, 57, 80, 103
Isaiac. 200
Mosaic. 54, 87, 89, 200
Pseudo-Clementine literature. 128, 264
Ptolemy I Soter. 59
Qumran community. 66, 73
Enochic texts and traditions in. 13, 14, 66, 85, 95, 98–101, 118–20, 133, 275
Jubilees in. 95, 99, 133
R. Abbahu. 139
R. Akiva. 134, 142–45
R. Berekiah. 211
R. Ishmael. 244, 249, 252, 254
R. Joseph. 211, 259, 261, 266
R. Moshe ha-Darshan. 258, 259, 263, 267, 268
R. Simeon. 137, 138, 207, 208, 216, 219
R. Yose. 139
R. Zadok. 260, 262
Rabbinic Judaism. 129, 146, 147, 240, 248
and 3 Enoch. 246, 250, 251
and Enochic texts and traditions. 13, 15, 16, 84, 123, 136, 140, 206–9, 213, 218, 237, 238, 273
and Hekhalot literature. 238
and Second Temple Judaism. 156, 238, 240, 269, 271
emergence of. 124, 125, 129, 132, 159
Enoch in. 139, 234, 273
Ramael. 110
Rambam. 216
Raphael. 51
Rashi. 216, 261, 263
redaction
as authorial activity. 10, 14, 22
in Rabbinic literature. 144
Refaim. 215
Reuchlin, Johannes. 2
Roman Empire
christianization of. 189, 192, 194, 199, 207
Enochic texts and traditions in. 8, 15, 149, 191, 206, 226, 227, 273
Jews and Christians in. 161, 192, 222
Rufinus. 228
sacrifice. 50, 164, 168, 186
Sadducees. 85, 142
Samael. 252
Sassanian Empire. 222, 226–28
Satan. 52, 98, 114, 116, 176, 177, 183, 252
and Azazel. 115, 178
and fallen angels. 115–16, 149, 168, 177, 187–88, 220
Scaliger, Joseph. 2
scribes, scribalism. 10
and apocalyptic literature. 43, 58
and Wisdom literature. 43
post-70. 124, 128, 146
Second Temple Jewish. 52, 55, 59, 60, 64, 65, 67–71, 73, 80, 84, 124, 144, 273
Scripture
Christian views of. 152–53, 189
concept of. 132, 133
Jewish views of. 53, 54, 56, 132, 143–46, 207, 239
sectarianism
Geslanic. 275
post-70. 129, 132, 147
Second Temple Jewish. 64, 66, 73, 85, 86
Seleucus I. 59
Seleucus IV. 73
self-definition
and text selection. 129, 159
Christian. 15, 122, 124, 129, 156, 157, 161, 162, 167, 174, 185, 187, 190
Rabbinic. 124, 142–44, 147, 156, 190
Šemḥazai. See Šemiḥazah
Semiazos. 225
Šemiḥazah, Šemḥazai. 16, 28, 34, 97, 213–15, 235, 236, 240, 251, 263, 265, 267, 268
as father of Giants. 235, 262
as heavenly angel. 251, 261
as leader of Watchers. 27, 28
as one of the Nephilim. 214–16
as teacher. 30, 32, 33, 40, 261
repentance of. 262, 266, 267
Septuagint. 105, 107, 116, 118, 157, 165, 217
Serenus. 220
Serpent. 51, 178
Seth, Sethians. 76, 221–25, 266
Shekhinah. 256, 257
Shem. 93, 94
Sihon. 215, 235
sin
doctrine of original. 52, 189
human culpability for. 37, 73–74, 78, 81, 89, 95, 166
shared human and angelic culpability for. 31, 32, 35, 81
supernatural etiology of. 6, 35, 37, 47, 170, 186, 257
women’s role in origins of. 35, 37, 179
Sinai, Mt. 89, 144, 145
Socrates. 170, 171, 173
Sodom, Sodomites. 11, 71, 104, 106–7, 210, 211–12
sons of God. 57, 123, 206, 214
allegorical interpretations of. 107, 198, 220, 222
as angels. 5, 15, 82, 102, 107, 116, 118, 137–38, 148, 156–57, 168, 213, 217–18, 251, 264, 266, 273
as Sethians. 221–25, 266
euhemeristic interpretations of. 107, 116, 137, 139, 156, 193, 202, 206–10, 212–13, 216–18, 220, 226, 235–36, 273
nature of intercourse with daughters of men. 211, 212
Spain. 199
Symmachus. 117, 205, 216–18, 226
Syncellus, George. 2, 3, 6, 8, 20, 21, 36, 56, 153, 184, 214, 225, 229–31, 257, 258, 272
Syria. 128, 149, 152, 156, 199
Targums. 136, 139, 213–16
Tatian. 149, 175
Temple. 60
Christian views of. 168
destruction of Second. 125, 128, 135, 147, 191
heavenly. 48, 64, 121
Second. 58, 60, 64, 65, 69, 70, 73, 85, 124
Tertullian. 15, 20, 138, 149, 152–53, 155, 157–58, 175, 178–81, 183, 188–89, 194–98, 202, 204–5, 217, 220, 231
testimonia. 21, 153, 154, 157, 276
textual transmission
modern. 21, 231
premodern. 11–12, 20, 22, 231, 274
theodicy. 63, 71, 91, 100
Theodotion. 205, 217
Throne of God
Enoch’s vision of. 5, 48, 64, 242, 244
in Hekhalot literature. 242, 244
Titans. 107
Torah. 41, 66, 131, 210
and Enochic literature. 18, 38, 40, 52, 64, 89, 112
and Jewish magic. 142, 207
authority of. 52, 55, 60, 130, 131, 133, 144
Oral. 10, 144, 145
tours of heaven and earth. 3, 25, 41, 46, 48, 103
Tubal-Cain. 38, 264
Uriel. 50, 164
Uzael. 264, 265, 267
violence
antediluvian. 6, 30–35, 38, 77, 81, 164
demonic. 168, 170
Watchers. See fallen angels
Wisdom literature. 42, 43, 63, 68
and apocalyptic literature. 60, 67, 69, 70
women
as temptresses. 35, 36, 111, 178–79
vanity of. 35, 40, 112, 176, 178, 187
writing
as angelic teaching. 115
Yavneh, so-called council of. 129
Yeqon. 114
Yeraḥmeel ben Solomon. 258
Yom Kippur. 91, 97, 98, 263
Yosippon. 258, 260, 270
Zamzumim. 215
Zohar. 233
Zoroastrianism, 255