INDEX
absolutism, 72–84, 91, 94–5
Adenauer, Konrad, 213, 217, 222, 231
Albert I, Habsburg Emperor, 27
Albert, Prince of Brandenburg, 37
d’Alembert, 89
Anabaptists, 44
Arnim, A. von, 111
Aue, Hartmann von, 21
Aufklärung, see Enlightenment
Augsburg Confession, 45
Augsburg Interim, 46
Augustine, 36
Auschwitz, 199–200
Austro-Prussian War (1866), 126–7
Bach, C. P. E., 93
Bach, J. S., 93–4, 111, 200
Bacon, Francis, 89
Baden, Prince Max von, 157–8
Bahro, Rudolf, 228
Basic Law, see Constitution of the Federal Republic
Battle of the White Mountain (1620), 56, 62
Bauer, Gustav, 163
Bauhaus, 169
Bebel, August, 124
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 93, 111
Berghahn, Volker, 148
Berlichingen, Götz von, 40
Berlin Treaty (1926), 168
Bernstein, Eduard, 140
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von, 143, 150, 152
Biedermeier, 111
Biel, Gabriel, 29
Biermann, Wolf, 219
Bilfinger, 90
Bismarck, Otto von, 122, 125–37, 149, 261
Blair, Tony, 257
Blomberg, Werner von, 190
Böll, Heinrich, 242
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 185
Born, Stephan, 120
Borsig, 200
Brahe, Tycho, 53
Brandt, Willy, 217–18
Brauchitsch, Walter von, 190
Braun, Eva, 204
Brecht, Bertolt, 169, 242
Brentano, C., 111
Brüdergemeine, 87
Brueghel, 53
Brüning, Heinrich von, 173–4, 175, 188
Brüssig, Thomas, 253
Bucer, Martin, 50
Bülow, Bernhard, Prince von, 143
Burschenschaften, 106–7
Cajetan, Cardinal, 37
Calvin, John, 44
Calvinism, 44, 46, 47–9, 50, 55, 75
Canossa, 19
Caprivi, Georg Leo, Count von, 141
Capuchins, 50
Carolingians, 10, 11
Catholic League, 55, 56, 58
Chamberlain, Neville, 192
Charlemagne, 11, 16
Charles IV, Emperor, 27
Charles V, Emperor, 28, 34–6, 38, 39, 40, 45–6, 55
Clovis, 10
Concordat of Worms (1122), 19
Confederation of the Rhine, 97
Congress of Vienna (1814–15), 96, 100, 104, 107
Conrad I, 11, 27
Conrad II, 18
Constitutio de feudis, 15
Constitution of Federal Republic, 211–12, 220–2
Constitution of Imperial Germany, 127, 128–31, 138–40
Constitutions of GDR, 212, 224–8, 247–8
Council of Trent, 50
Cuno, Wilhelm, 165
Dachau concentration camp, 181–2
Darré, Walter, 181
Dawes Plan (1924), 168
Defenestration of Prague (1618), 55–6
Delbrück, Rudolf von, 131
devotio moderna, 29, 36
Diderot, Denis, 89
Diet of Augsburg (1530), 45
Diet of Augsburg (1555), 46
Diet of Regensburg (1541), 45
Diet of Worms (1521), 37
Döblin, Alfred, 170
Dollfuss, Engelbert, Austrian chancellor, 189, 190
Dönitz, Karl, 204
Drexler, Anton, 152, 167
Du Boulay, F. R. H., 28
Dürer, Albrecht, 31
Early New High German, 28
Ebert, Friedrich, 159–60, 164, 171
Eck, Johannes, 37
Edict of Restitution (1629), 57
Eisner, Kurt, 158, 160
Elias, Norbert, 49
Elser, Georg, 201–2
Engels, Friedrich, 40, 124, 260
Enlightenment, 71, 84, 89–92, 94
Erhard, Ludwig, 213, 217, 231–2
Eschenbach, Wolfram von, 21
Farben, I. G., 200
Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, Habsburg Emperor, 56–9
feudalism, 14–15
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 109
First World War, 104, 137, 148–54
Fischer, Fritz, 148
Fleckenstein, J., 12
Fontane, Theodor, 144
Forster, Georg, 97
Francis I, King of France, 40
Francis II, Emperor of Austria, 97
Francke, August Hermann, 86–7
Franco-Prussian War (1870), 126–7, 128
Frankfurt Parliament (1848–9), 118–21
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke and heir to Austrian throne, 151
Frederick I, ‘Barbarossa’, Emperor, 19, 22
Frederick II, grandson of Barbarossa, Emperor, 20, 27
Frederick II, ‘the Great’, King of Prussia (reigned 1740–86), 76, 78–9, 80–1, 91, 94–5
Frederick III/(I), Elector and King of Prussia (reigned 1688–1713), 76, 259
Frederick III, King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany (1888), 135
Frederick ‘the Wise’, Elector of Saxony, 37–8
Frederick V, Elector Palatine, ‘Winter King’ of Bohemia, 56
Frederick William, the ‘Great Elector’ of Prussia (reigned 1640–88), 76–7
Frederick William I, the ‘Soldier King’ of Prussia (reigned 1713–40), 76, 77–80
Frederick William III, King of Prussia (reigned 1797–1840), 98, 105
Frederick William IV, King of Prussia (reigned 1840–61), 117–18, 120
French Revolution (1789), impact on Germany of, 71–2, 94–103
French Revolution (1848), 111–16, 122
Freud, Sigmund, 146
Frick, Wilhelm, 179
Fritsch, Werner von, 190
Fugger, 34, 37
Gagern, Heinrich von, 120
Gaismair, Michael, 42
Gastarbeiter, 234–5
General Directory, 77–8
George, Stefan, 169
George III, King of England and Elector of Hanover, 100
German Confederation, 100–1, 105, 107, 114, 127
German Customs Union, see Zollverein
German Empire, see Imperial Germany
Gillingham, John, 12
Goebbels, Josef, 183
Goering, Hermann, 179, 189, 190, 194
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1, 92–3, 94, 111, 200
Golden Bull (1356), 27
Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah, 254
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 205, 219, 226, 243, 245, 249
Gottfried von Strassburg, 21
Grass, Günter, 242
Gregory VII, Pope (Hildebrand), 19
Grimm, brothers (Jacob and Wilhelm), 93
Grimmelshausen, 66
Groener, General Wilhelm, 159
Gropius, Walter, 169
Grosz, Georg, 170
Grundherrschaft, 81
Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, 58–60
Gutenberg (invention of printing), 33
Gutscherrschaft, 79
Gysi, Gregor, 248
Habsburgs, 27, 28, 45, 54, 55, 56–60, 62, 63, 259
Hambach Festival, 108
Händel, G. F., 93
Hanseatic League, 24, 65
Harich, Wolfgang, 215, 228
Hauptmann, G., 145
Havemann, R., 228
Haydn, J., 93
Heartfield, John, 170
Heberle, F., 65
Hecker, Friedrich von, 117
Hegel, G. W. F., 86, 92, 109–11
Heine, Heinrich, 111–16, 122
Heinlein, Konrad, 191
Henry I, Emperor, 12, 15–16
Henry II, Emperor, 18
Henry III, Emperor, 13
Henry IV, Emperor, 19
Henry V, Emperor, 18–19
Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, 19
Heppenheim programme, 117
Herder, J. G., 87, 93
Heuss, Theodor, 213
Heydrich, Reinhard, 198
Heym, Stefan, 242
Himmler, Heinrich, 181, 198
Hindenburg, Paul von, 152, 171–2, 175–7, 181
Hitler, Adolf, 1, 137, 154, 155–6, 166–7, 174–204, 261
Hobbes, Thomas, 13
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chlodwig, 141–2
Hohenstaufen, 18, 27
Hohenzollern, Albrecht von, 25
Hohenzollerns, 26, 43, 75–81
Hölderlin, F., 111
Honecker, Eric, 217, 219, 224, 237, 241, 243, 244
Honecker, Margot, 241
Hossbach, Friedrich, 190
Hugenburg, Alfred, 174
Humboldt, Wilhelm, 109
Hus, John, 29
Hussites, 29, 55
Ignatius Loyola, 50
Imperial Germany, 104, 126, 131–54
Investiture Contest, 19
‘Iron Curtain’, 7, 8, 256
Jansenism, 86
Jesuits, 50, 55–6, 86, 132
Jews, 20, 26, 53, 88–9, 90, 131–2, 152, 164, 178, 180, 186–7, 191, 254
extermination of, 197–202
John of Leyden, 44
John Sigismund of Brandenburg, 55
Joll, James, 148
Joseph II, Emperor of Austria, 81, 88, 91, 94–5, 105
Junkers, 26, 65, 75, 78, 126, 138, 208
Kahr, Gustav, 164
Kant, Immanuel, 91–2
Kapp, Wolfgang, 164
Karl Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, 88
Karlsbad Decrees, 106, 108
Kästner, Erich, 169
Kautsky, Karl, 138
Kehr, Eckart, 148
Keitel, Wilhelm, 190
Kellog-Briand pact, 168
Kepler, Johannes, 53
Kiesinger, Kurt Georg, 217
Kleinstaaterei, 69, 91
Kohl, Helmut, 218, 222, 232, 247, 249, 255
Kollwitz, Käthe, 170
Kotzebue, August von, 106
Krenz, Egon, 245, 248
Kristallnacht, 187
Krupp armaments, 128, 188, 200
Kulturkampf, 132–3
Lambsdorff, Otto Count von, 232
Landrat, 79
Lasker, Eduard, 132
Legien, Carl, 159
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 89
Leo X, Pope, 37
Lessing, G., 89
Ley, Robert, 181
Leyser, Karl, 15
Liebknecht, Karl, 160, 165
Liebknecht, Wilhelm, 124
limes, 9
Locarno Treaty (1925), 167
Locke, John, 89
Lothar, Duke of Supplinburg, 18
Louis XIV, 73, 77
Louis Philippe, King of France, 116
Ludendorff, Erich, 152
Ludwig II, King of Bavaria, 125
Luther, Martin, 33, 36–40, 42–3, 46, 186
Lüttwitz, Walther von, 164
Luxemburg, Rosa, 160, 165
Mann, Heinrich, 169
Mann, Thomas, 144–5, 169, 170
Maria Theresa, Empress of Austria, 91
Martinitz, Deputy Governor of Bohemia, 56
Marx, Karl, 109–11, 124, 148
Matthias, Habsburg Emperor, 55
Maximilian of Bavaria, 56, 58
Mazarin, Cardinal, 60
Melanchthon, Philipp, 45
Memmingen Peasant Parliament, 42
Mendelssohn, Moses, 89
Mengele, Josef, 199
Mennonites, 87
Merovingians, 10
Metternich, Klemens von, 106–7, 109, 114, 117, 121
Middle High German, literature, 21
Mielke, Erich, 242, 252
ministeriales, 15, 21
Minnesang, 21
Miquel, Johannes von, 142, 144
Modrwo, Hans, 248
Moltke, Helmut Count von (1800–91), 128
Montesquieu, 89
Moser, Johann Jakob, 90
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 93
Müller, Hermann, 173
Müntzer, Thomas, 42
Mussolini, Benito, 166, 189, 196
Napoleon I, French Emperor, 69, 97–8
Napoleonic Wars, 71–2, 100
NATO, 214, 247
Neanderthal man, 9
Neurath, Konstatin von, 190
New High German, 38
Newton, Isaac, 89
Nibelungenlied, 21
Nicolai, Friedrich, 90
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 146
North German Confederation, 128
Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg), 111
Nuremburg Laws, 187
Offenburg programme, 117
Old High German, 14
Old Saxon, 14
Otto I, Emperor, 12, 16
Otto II, Emperor, 18
Ottonians, 13, 15, 18, 19
Oxenstierna, Axel, Swedish Chancellor, 59
Papen, Franz von, 170, 175–6
Parker, G., 64
Peace of Augsburg (1555), 46–7, 55
Peace of Prague (1635), 59
Peace of Tilsit, 98
Peace of Westphalia (1648), 60–3, 72, 95, 96
Peasants’ War, 40–3
Pepin, 10
Philip IV, King of Spain, 59
Philip of Hess, 43
Pieck, Wilhelm, 225
pietism, 79, 86–7, 89
Poincaré, Raymond, 165
Potsdam Conference (1945), 205–7
Protestant League, 43
Protestant Union, 55
Protestation of Speyer (1529), 44
Prussian Reforms, 97–100
Pufendorf, Samuel von, 89
Quisling, Vidkun, 194
Rapallo Treaty (1922), 168
Reichsdeputationshauptschluss, 97
Rhenish League, 24
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 189, 190
Richelieu, Cardinal, 58
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 169
Röhm, Ernst, 181
Roon, Count Albrecht von, 126
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 89
Rudolf, Duke of Swabia, 18
Rudolf I, Habsburg Emperor, 27
Rudolf II, Habsburg Emperor, 55
Sachsenspiegel, 28
Salians, 13, 15, 18
Schacht, Hjalmar, 189
Scheidemann, Philipp, 159, 160
Schengen Agreement, 256
Schiller, F., 86, 92
Schilling, Heinz, 49
Schleicher, General Kurt von, 172, 175–7, 181
Schleswig-Holstein War (1864), 126–7
Schlüter, Andreas, 77
Schmalkalden League, 45
Schmalkaldic War, 46
Schmidt, Helmut, 218, 222, 232
Scholl, Hans, 202
Scholl, Sophie, 202
Schönberg, Arnold, 169
Schroeder, Gerhard, 255, 256
Schubert, Franz, 111
Schumacher, Kurt, 209
Schuschnigg, Kurt, 190
Second World War, 192–204
Seeckt, Hans von, 164, 165
Seven Years War, 80
Seyss-Inquart, Arthur, 191
Siemens, 137, 200
Simmel, Georg, 146
Slovata, Deputy Governor of Bohemia, 56
Spanish Civil War (1936–9), 189
Spener, P. J., 86
Stalin, Josef, 192, 210
Stauffenberg, Claus Count Schenk von, 202
Stauffer, see Hohenstaufen
Steinberg, H. S., 64
Steurrat, 79
Stinnes, Hugo, 159
Stöcker, Adolf, 134
Strasser, Gregor, 176, 181
Strauss, 111
Stresemann, Gustav, 166, 167–8, 188
Struve, Gustav von, 117
Swabian League, 24, 26
Tacitus, 9–10
Taylor, A. J. P., 116, 260
Teutonic Knights, 25, 75
Thirty Years War, 49, 53–60, 73, 74, 84, 87
Thomasius, Christian, 89
Tieck, J. L., 111
Tilly, General, 56, 59
Tirpitz, Admiral von, 142, 150, 152
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 146
Treaty of Lunéville, 97
Treaty of Münster, see Peace of Westphalia
Treaty of Osnabrück, see Peace of Westphalia
Treaty of Passau (1552), 46
Treaty of Verdun (843), 11
Treaty of Versailles (1919), 148, 163–4, 168, 178, 185, 187, 188, 191
Treuhand, 251
Troeltsch, Ernst, 146
Trott, Adam von, 201
Ulbricht, Walter, 207, 214–15, 217, 224, 226, 236
via moderna, 36
Vienna Final Act (1820), 107
Vierhaus, R., 64
Voltaire, 89, 91
Wagner, Richard, 22, 146
Waldensians, 29
Wallenstein, General, 57, 58, 59
Walther von der Vogelweide, 21
Wandervögel, 145–6
War of Cologne (1583–8), 55
War of Jülich-Cleves Succession (1609–14), 55
War of the Austrian Succession, 80
War of the North, 76
War of the Spanish Succession, 77
Weber, Max, 47–8, 129, 146–8, 149
Wehler, Hans-Ulrich, 143–4, 148
Weill, Kurt, 169
Weimar Constitution, 162–3
comparison with FRG, 221–3
Welfs, 18
Wettins, 43
William I, King of Prussia (1861–88), German Emperor (1871–88), 128
William II, King of Prussia (1861–88), German Emperor (1888–1918), 135, 137–44, 157, 158
Wilson, Woodrow, American President, 153, 157
Windhorst, Ludwig, 132
Wirth, Joseph, 165
witchcraft, 53, 68
Wittelsbachs, 18, 43, 45
Wolf, Christa, 242, 253
Wolff, Christian, 89
Yalta conference (1945), 205
Yiddish, 26
Young Plan, 168, 173, 174
Zille, Heinrich, 170
Zinzendorf, Graf Nikolaus L. von, 87
Zollverein (Customs Union), 113–14, 122, 128, 256
Zwingli, Huldrych, 44
Zwinglianism, 46