2 Mb/s, introduction to 8
3G
evolution from 2G 4
IMT 2000 1–3
origins and terminology 1–3
other technologies 1
access point name (APN) see session management protocol
access preambles see physical random access channel and physical common packet channel
access service class selection see MAC
access stratum, introduction to 9–10, 15
acknowledged mode
configuration 322
DATA PDU (AMD) 317
entity structure 315–17
logical channel usage 315
piggyback STATUS PDU 318
RESET and RESET ACK PDU 320–1
state diagram 321
state variables 321
STATUS PDU 317
acknowledged mode (AM RLC) 314–35
acknowledged mode operation 329–35
interactions with MAC 330–2
use of
Timer_Poll 332
Timer_Poll_Prohibit 332
VT (A) 332
VT (DAT) 332
VT (MS) 332
VT (S) 332
VT (SDU) 332
acknowledged mode polling 322–6
every Poll_PDU PDU 326
every Poll_SDU SDU 326
last PDU in buffer 323
last PDU in retransmission buffer 323
poll timer 326
timer based polling 326
window based polling 326
acknowledged mode RESET 335
acknowledged mode timers 326–9
Timer_Discard 328
Timer_EPC 327
Timer_MRW 328
Timer_Poll 327
Timer_Poll_Periodic 328
Timer_Poll_Prohibit 327
Timer_RST 328
Timer_Status_Periodic 328
Timer_Status_Prohibit 328
acquisition indication channel (AICH)
acquisition indicators 126
acquisition signatures 132
addressing
cell radio network temporary identifier (c-RNTI) 47, 261
IMSI 46
introduction to 46–7
mobile country code (MCC) 46, 452
mobile network code (MNC) 46, 452
mobile subscriber identity number (MSIN) 46
P-TMSI 47, 51
serving radio network temporary identifier (s-RNTI) 47
TMSI 46, 51, 447
UTRAN radio network temporary identifier (u-RNTI) 47, 261
adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) see transmitter
AICH transmission timing (ATT) parameter see random access
analogue to digital converter (ADC) 184–7
dynamic range 186–7
sampling rate 184
anonymity key (AK) see security
asynchronous cells 88, 93
asynchronous transfer mode 13, 14
attach flag (ATT) 450, 453–5
audio service, typical characteristics of 7
authentication see security
authentication and key management field (AMF) see security
authentication token (AUTN) see security
authentication vector see security
bandwidth expansion from spreading see codes
Bayes’ theorem see turbo decoder
bit error rate, definition of 6
broadcast and multicast control 27
broadcast channel (BCH) 123, 251
as part of CCTrCH 219
broadcast control channel (BCCH) 250
broadcast control domain, introduction to 10
broadcast multicast control 344–8
CBS message PDU 347
network architecture 344
protocol architecture 344–5
schedule message PDU 347
C/T multiplexing see MAC
calculated transport format combination (CTFC) 292, 391–2
call control 440
multi-call 440
radio access bearer identity (RAB-Id) 440
stream identifier (SI) 440
transaction identifier (TI) 440
call control protocol 456–67
connection management sublayer 456
introduction to 13
mobile network layer 456
mobile originated call establishment 456–60, 461–7
mobile terminated call establishment 460–1
primitives 456
state machine 456
call session control function 18–19
carrier to interference ratio (C/I) see signal to interference ratio
CC messages
ALERTING 459, 461, 467
CALL CONFIRMED 460
CALL PROCEEDING 459, 465
CONNECT 460, 461, 467
CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE 460, 461, 467
PROGRESS 459
SETUP 445, 460, 462, 465
CDMA , introduction to 68–9
Cdma2000 3
cell broadcast short message service see services
cell change order see handover
cell phase reference 124
cell radio network temporary identifier (c-RNTI) see addressing
cell timing 134–5
CELL _DCH state see RRC mode
CELL_FACH state see RRC mode
CELL_INFO_LIST see measurement variables
CELL_PCH state see RRC mode
channel coding, transport channels 224
channel estimation 204, 206
architecture for 205
channelisation codes see codes
chip rate, definition of 70–1
chips
definition of 71
relationship to modulation see codes
cipher key (CK) see security
ciphering see security
circuit switched, introduction to R99 service domain 10–13, 15
code block segmentation 224
code groups 130, 133–4, 209
code sets 133–4
coded composite transport channel (CCTrCH) 218–21, 228
downlink aspects 219–21
uplink aspects 218–19
codes
allocation of 70
bandwidth expansion 72, 74
channelisation code 34, 85, 109
code length 74–6
complex scrambling and modulation 105–7
complex scrambling code generator 107–8
complex spreading 105
creation of OVSF code tree 82, 83
crest factor see codes, peak-to-mean
data rate control through 69
definition of spreading 72
downlink channelisation code use 130–1, 132
downlink interference control via scrambling codes 90–1
downlink scrambling code use 90–1, 130–1, 132
effects of gain factors 86
Fibonacci configuration scrambling code generator 107, 108
Galois configuration scrambling code generator 108
Gold codes 95, 96–7, 107, 108, 112, 132
Hadamard 82, 130, 209
introduction to channelisation 69–70, 71–87
introduction to scrambling 69–70
introduction to scrambling code 34
Kasami codes 95–6, 114
loss of orthogonality 86
M-sequences 95
multiuser despreading 78–80
multiuser spreading 76–8
need for scrambling code 88
orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) 82–5, 86, 87, 91, 111, 128
orthogonality 80–2
OVSF code tree 82–5
PCPCH message scramble code 130
peak-to-mean 87
PRACH message scramble code 130, 268
pseudo-noise (PN) sequence 93, 94–5
quadrature modulation 85–6
relationship to modulation 76
scrambling code
autocorrelation properties 93, 94–5
cross-correlation properties 94–5
downlink interference control 88
implementation 95–7, 113
introduction 87–97
properties 93
spreading factor 71, 74–6, 85, 204, 269
spreading modulation 76
synchronization requirements 74
uplink capacity 92
uplink channelisation codes 86–7, 111, 128–30
uplink interference control 69
uplink scrambling code use 76, 91–2, 111, 113, 128–30
user separation 69
variable data rate 83–5
Walsh 82, 83
coding gain see receiver
collision detection see physical common packet channel
collision detection / channel assignment indicator channel (CD/CA ICH) see physical common packet channel
common control channel (CCCH) 249, 362
common packet channel (CPCH) 118, 251
as part of CCTrCH 219
busy table 280
data transmission 280–2
operation 277–82 see also physical common packet channel 277–82
common traffic channels (CTCH) 250
compressed mode
introduction to 37–8
methods of achieving 38
slot structures 38
use of
puncturing in 38
spreading factor reduction in 38
connection frame number (CFN) 363
connection management protocol, introduction to 13
connection management sublayer 439–40
call control (CC) entity 440 see also call control 440
GPRS short message service (GSMS) entity 440 see also short message service 440
service access points (SAP s) see service access point
session management entity 439–40 see also session management 439–40
supplementary service entity 440
control plane, basic definition of 10
convolutional codes 229–35
introduction 229
semi-static transport format information 289
code rate 229
decoder 233–5
encoder 229–32
maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) 229, 233
soft decision decoder 234–5
state diagram 230
tail bits 231–2
trellis diagram 231
Viterbi algorithm 229, 233–4
WCDMA 1/2 rate 181
WCDMA 1/3 rate 232–3
WCDMA encoder 232–3
core network, release 99 overview 9
correlator see rake receiver
COUNT-C see security
COUNT-I see security
CPCH control channel (CCC) see physical common packet channel
cyclic redundancy check
decoder
defined sizes 222
encoder
generator polynomial 223
semi static transport format information 288
cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits 221–3
data stream, definition of 7
DECT 3
dedicated channel (DCH) 127, 251
dedicated control channel (DCCH) 250
dedicated physical channel (DPCH)
downlink 85, 102, 127–8
downlink multicode transmission 127
dedicated physical control channel (DPCCH) 109, 110–11
uplink 122
uplink FBI bits 121
uplink pilot bits 121
dedicated physical data channel (DPDCH) 34, 109, 110–11
codes for 69–70
uplink 120–2
uplink data rate 76, 113, 121
uplink multicode transmission 121–2, 129
uplink spreading code, channelisation code and scrambling code see codes
dedicated traffic channels (DTCH) 251
direct transfer procedures see RRC
discontinuous reception (DRX) 44–5
DRX cycle 360
page indicator 358
paging occasion 360
discontinuous transmission (DTX) see rate matching
downlink, data rate 76
downlink shared channel (DSCH) 127–8, 251
as part of CCTrCH 219
DRX cycle length coefficient 368
dynamic resource allocation control (DRAC) 392–4
Eb/No see receiver
Ec/No see receiver
EDGE 8
encryption see security
error detection 221–3
error vector magnitude see transmitter
expected message authentication code (XMAC) see security
expected response (XRES) see security
extrinsic information see turbo decoder
fast Hadamard transformer (FHT) see system acquisition
FDD mode, introduction to 3
FDMA , introduction to 66–7
Fibonacci configuration see codes
fingers see rake receiver
finite impulse response (FIR) filter see root raised cosine filter
fixed positions for transport channels see rate matching
flexible positions for transport channels see rate matching
forward access channel (FACH) 123, 251
as part of CCTrCH 219
frame error rate, definition of 6
FRESH see security
Galois configuration see codes
GERAN 3
GGSN , introduction to 12
GMM messages
ATTACH ACCEPT 476, 478
ATTACH REJECT 476
ATTACH REQUEST 476, 477, 478–9
AUTHENTICATION AND CIPHERING REQUEST 479
AUTHENTICATION AND CIPHERING RESPONSE 479
DETACH ACCEPT 479
DETACH REQUEST 479
ROUTING AREA UPDATE ACCEPT 481
ROUTING AREA UPDATE REJECT 481
ROUTING AREA UPDATE REQUEST 481
Golay sequence 123, 133, 210
Gold codes see codes
GPRS mobility management (GMM) protocol 467–81
authentication 478–9
combined procedures (GPRS and non-GPRS) 474–5
detach 478–9
GPRS attach 476–8
introduction to 14, 28
links between GMM states and PMM states 472
PMM CONNECTED
PMM IDLE
procedures 472–6
routing area updating 45, 475, 480–1
states 469–72
update status 468–9
GSM to UMTS handover see handover
GU 1, GU 2, GU 3, update status see GPRS mobility management protocol
Hadamard see codes
handover 380–91
cell change order 391
GSM to UMTS 388–90
hard 385
inter-RAT cell change order 391
soft 382
UMTS to GSM 385–8
header compression see packet data convergence protocol
home location register 12, 19
home subscriber server 19
hybrid phase shift keying (HPSK) see modulation
hyper frame number 57, 513
idle mode 514–15
access stratum functions 527–37
cell camping 529
cell selection and reselection 523–4, 527, 540
cell selection criteria 529
example of idle mode procedures 537–41
forbidden PLMN s and location areas 517
initial cell selection 533
introduction to 43
location registration 524
PLMN selection and reselection 520–4, 534–7, 538
Qqualmeas and Qqualmin 532
Squal 531
Srxlev 530–1
stored information cell selection 529–33
substate machine 515–19
suitable cell 529
update status U1, U2, U3 516
idle mode functions 508–41
IMSI see addressing
IMT 2000 frequency band 137
integrity key (IK) see security
integrity protection see security
interleaving
first 225
second 229
IP multimedia subsystem 16, 17–19
Iu interface
link to BC domain 11
link to CS domain 11
link to PS domain 11, 14
overview of
Kasami codes see codes
layer 2 protocols
BMC see broadcast multicast control
definition of 26–7
MAC see medium access control
PDCP see packet data convergence protocol
RLC see radio link control protocol
Layer 3 protocols
NAS see nonaccess stratum protocol
RRC see radio resource control protocol
location area
introduction to 45–6
updating see mobility management protocol
location area code 452
location area identifier (LAI) 448, 451
location update status 452
log likelihood ratio see turbo decoder
log MAP algorithm see turbo decoder
logical channel mapping see MAC
logical channels 248–51
common control 249–50
common traffic 250
dedicated control 250
dedicated traffic 251
introduction to 31–3
logical to transport channel mapping see MAC
lossless SRNS relocation see SRNS relocation
M-sequences see codes
MAC
access service class selection 254, 260, 273 see also random access 254, 260, 273
architecture 251–7
backoff parameters (NBO1) 274
broadcast (-b) 256–7
ciphering 260 see also security 260
common and shared (-c/sh) 253
control / traffic multiplexing (C/T MUX) 256, 261
dedicated (-d) 254–6
distributed in UTRAN
dynamic persistence level 274
functions and services 257–61
logical channel mapping
logical to transport channel mapping 258–9
measurements 260, 264
overview
PDU s 261–3
primitives 261–3, 294
priority handling 259
protocol
random access procedure 264–76 see also random access 264–76
SDU (RLC PDU) 261
target channel type field (TCTF) 261
transport channel switching 260–1
transport format selection (TFS) 253, 256, 259, 273 see also transport format combination 253, 256, 259, 273
UE identification management 259
MAP algorithm see turbo decoder
maximum likelihood sequence estimation see convolutional codes
max-log MAP algorithm see turbo decoder
measurement control 400–4
FACH measurement occasion 400
MEASURMENT CONTROL message 402–4
SIB 11
SIB 12
measurement reporting 414–25
additional measured results 415
cell individual offset 417
event triggered periodic reporting 415
forbid cell to affect reporting 417
GSM measurements 431–3
hysteresis 416
interfrequency reporting 421–3
intrafrequency reporting (FDD mode) 417–20
intrafrequency reporting (TDD mode) 421
measurement filtering 414
periodic reporting 417
quality measurement reporting 425
report criteria 414
reporting range 415
reports 414
terminology 414–17
time-to-trigger 416
traffic volume reporting 424
UE internal measurement reporting 425
measurement sets 399
active set 399
detected set 399
monitoring set 399
virtual active set 399
measurement terminology
measurement types 396–9
quality measurements 398
signal measurements 397–8
traffic volume measurements (TVM) 398
UE internal measurements 398–9
UE positioning measurements 399
measurement variables 404
CELL_ INFO_ LIST 404
MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY 405
MEASUREMENT_IDENTITY see measurement variables
measurements 395–435
BCCH RSSI measurement 429, 431
BSIC reconfirmation 427, 430
cell ID location measurements 433
GSM measurements using compressed mode 429
initial BSIC identification 427, 430
interfrequency cell measurements 408, 409
inter-RAT GSM cell measurements 408, 409, 425–33
intrafrequency cell measurements 408
location services 433–5
network assisted GPS positioning 435
observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) location measurements 434–5
media gateway 16, 19
media gateway control function 19
media resource function 19
MM messages
AUTHENTICATION REQUEST 464
AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE 464
CM SERVICE ACCEPT 454
CM SERVICE REQUEST 444, 453–4, 462, 464
IDENTITY REQUEST 449
IDENTITY RESPONSE 449
IMSI DETACH INDICATION 450
LOCATION UPDATING ACCEPT 452
LOCATION UPDATING REQUEST 452
TMSI REALLOCATION COMMAND 448
TMSI REALLOCATION COMPLETE 448
mobile country code see addressing
mobile equipment (ME) 509
mobile network code see addressing
mobile subscriber identity number see addressing
mobile switching center, introduction to 12–13
mobile termination (MT) 509
mobility management (MM) protocol 442–5
authentication 448–9
common procedures 447–50
connection information transfer 455
connection release 455
connection transaction identifier 455
identification 449
IMSI attach 443–4, 453
IMSI detach 450
introduction to 13, 28
location area updating 451, 475
LOCATION UPDATE 443–4
MM connection management procedures 447, 453–5
MM entity states 442–5
MM IDLE state 443–5
mobile originated (MO) connection establishment 453–4
mobile terminated (MT) connection establishment 454–5
periodic updating 453
primitives 445–6
procedures 447–55
protocol discriminator 444–5
specific procedures 447, 450–3
states for IMSI detach 445
states for location updating 443–4
states for mobile originated (MO) MM connections 444–5
states for mobile terminated (MT) MM connections 445
TMSI reallocation 447–8
transaction identifier 444–5
mobility management sublayer 438–9
functions 438
GPRS mobility management (GMM) entity 438
mobility management (MM) entity 438
service access points (SAP s) see service access point
mode CS /PS see MS classes
mode I see network modes
mode II see network modes
mode PS see MS classes
modulation
combined spreading and scrambling 104–7
complex scrambling see codes
downlink 102–8
hybrid phase shift keying (HPSK) 111–13
in-phase and quadrature representation 101–2
orthogonal complex QPSK (OCQPSK) 111
phase constellation 104, 106, 107
phasor diagram representation 101
QPSK 97, 129
simple BPSK 101–2
spreading 102–8
uplink 108–14
MS classes 441–2
and network modes 441–2
mode CS /PS 442
mode PS 442
MSC server 16, 17
multicode transmission in downlink see dedicated physical channel
multicode transmission in uplink see dedicated physical data channel
multimedia service, definition of 6–7
multiple access techniques 66–8
multiuser de-spreading see codes
multiuser spreading see codes
NAS procedures
authentication see security
call establishment 61
registration 61
network architecture
introduction to 8–19
main network elements 9
release 4 16–17, 19
release 5 16–19
release 99 8–16
network modes 442
mode I 442, 475
mode II 442
network services access point identifier (NSAPI) see session management protocol
Node B
introduction to 16
receiver adjacent channel filter requirements 157
receiver adjacent channel selectivity 157–9, 160
receiver blocking requirements 160–1
receiver characteristics 154–65
receiver dynamic range 161–2
receiver dynamic tests 166–8
receiver intermodulation specification 162–5
receiver performance 165–8
receiver phase noise 158, 159–60
receiver sensitivity 154–7
receiver spurious signal requirements 160
receiver static tests 166
non-access stratum (NAS) 437–507
architecture 437–41
connection management sublayer 437 see also connection management sublayer 437
introduction to 9–10
mobility management sublayer 437 see also mobility management sublayer 437
radio access bearer manager (RABM) entity 437
non access stratum protocol
call control see call control protocol
GPRS mobility management see GPRS mobility management protocol
mobility management see mobility management protocol
overview of 28
session management see session management protocol
short message service see short message service protocol
non-real time service, definition of 5
Nyquist filter 98, 99
orthogonal complex QPSK (OCQPSK) see modulation
orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) see codes
orthogonality see codes
packet data convergence protocol 337–44
architecture 337
header compression 27, 339
layer to layer protocol 339–42
lossless SRNS relocation 342–4
overview of 27
PDU s 337
SAP s 337
sequence number management 342
sequence number synchronization 343
packet data protocol (PDP) context see session management protocol
creation 61
introduction to 51
packet switched communications
introduction to 4
introduction to R99 service domain 10–15
paging 358–62
paging message 362
paging channel (PCH) 123, 251
paging channel, as part of CCTrCH 219
paging control channel (PCCH) 249
paging indication channel (PICH) 125–6, 358–61
paging indicators 126
paging message 126
Paging indicators see paging indication channel
parallel concatenated convolutional code see turbo codes
peak code domain error see transmitter
phasor diagram see modulation
physical channel mapping 229
physical channel segmentation 228
physical channels
introduction to 29–31
mapping to/from transport channels 115
physical common packet channel (PCPCH) 118–20
physical random access channel (PRACH) 115 see also physical random access channel 115
uplink 115–22
physical common packet channel (PCPCH) 118–20
access preamble signatures 119, 126–7, 130
channel assignment active 118, 119–20, 278, 279
channel assignment not active 118, 119–20, 248
collision detection 119
collision detection/channel assignment indicator channel (CD/CA ICH) 120, 126–7, 278–9
collision detection preamble signature 119, 130, 279
CPCH control channel (CCC) 120
CPCH status indication channel (CSICH) 119, 250
message scramble code see codes
PCPCH set 119
physical layer transmissions 119
resource availability (PRA) 278
timing 136
versatile channel assignment mode (VCAM) 278, 279
physical downlink shared channel 127
physical layer 115–36
compressed mode see compressed mode
definition of 25–6
physical channels see physical channels
power control see power control
random access procedure see random access
soft-handover see soft-handover
spreading and scrambling see spreading and scrambling
transport channel combining see transport channel combining
physical random access channel (PRACH) 115, 362
access frame 116
access preamble signatures 116, 130, 268
access slots 116, 117
message scramble code see codes
message structure 117–18
physical control information 118
timing 136
transport format combination indication (TFCI) 118
use of 276
use of AICH 126
power control
downlink 42
introduction to 39–42
SIR target 39
uplink 39–42, 93
uplink algorithm 1 40–1
uplink algorithm 2 41
uplink closed loop 40–1
uplink outer loop control 42
uplink power control commands (TPC) 40
preferred pair 96, 97–114
primary common control physical channel (PCCPCH) 122–3, 131
primary common pilot channel (PCPICH), uses of 122, 204
primary synchronization channel (P-SCH) 122, 123–4, 131, 133
use in system acquisition 208, 213
processing gain see receiver
protocol architecture
control plane 24
division between access and non-access stratum 9–10
layered via of 24–8
user plane 24
pseudo-noise (PN) sequence see codes
P-TMSI see addressing
puncturing 118
quality of service (QoS) 484, 487, 491, 498
definition of 4–6
introduction to 4–7
radio access bearer manager 441
radio access bearer (RAB) establishment 377–80
CS connection 378
PS connection 380
radio access bearer manager (RABM) 441
PDP contexts 441
QoS 441
radio access bearers
creation 61, 490
overview to 28, 50
radio bearer (RB) establishment 377–80
radio bearers, introduction to 48–9
radio frame equalisation 225
radio frame segmentation 225
radio link
introduction to 37, 48
set of 37
radio link control PDU see transparent mode PDU or unacknowledged mode PDU or acknowledged mode PDU
radio link control protocol (RLC) 300–36
acknowledged mode (RLC AM) see acknowledged mode
automatic repeat request 27
flow control 27
overview of 27
transparent mode (RLC TM) see transparent mode
unacknowledged mode (RLC UM) see unacknowledged mode
radio network controller, introduction to 15, 16
radio network subsystem, introduction to 16
radio resource control (RRC) protocol 349
architecture 349
overview of 28
system information broadcasting 352–8, see also system information 352–8
raised cosine filter
alpha roll-off factor 98
frequency response 98
impulse response 98
introduction 98
rake fingers
algorithms
architecture
chip rate combining
operation
symbol rate combining
rake receiver 189–204
channel estimation see channel estimation
code correlation 95
correlator 192, 194, 196, 200
descrambling 202
despreading 202
diversity 198–200
equal gain combining diversity 200
fingers 201 see also rake fingers 201
maximal ratio combining diversity 200
multipath channel 189–90
optimum receiver 190–2
overview of operation 192–200
receiver signals 201–4
selection diversity 198
structure 200
use in soft-handover 36
use in WCDMA 201–4
random access 264–76
access service class 269
AICH transmission timing (ATT) parameter 269, 270
basic principles 264–5
cell update 267
initial random access 266–7
layer 1 information required 267–73 see also physical random access channel 267–73
MAC configuration 273–5
MAC procedure 275–6
message length (TTI) 268
message spreading factor 269
physical layer procedure 276
power setting 271, 272–3
preamble retransmission 271
preamble signatures 268 see also physical random access channel 268
scrambling codes used 268, 273 see also codes 268, 273
subchannels 269
transfer of data 267
transport formats 273
uses of 266–7
random access channel (RACH) 115, 251, 362
as part of CCTrCH 219
random number (RAND) see security
rate matching 225–8
discontinuous transmission (DTX) on downlink 227–8
downlink fixed positions for transport channels 227–8
downlink flexible positions for transport channels 227–8
introduction to 35
on downlink 227–8
on uplink 226–7
puncturing 226
repetition 226
real-time service, definition of 5
receiver
baseband filtering 99, 187–8, 216
basics de-spreading 78–80
binary phase shift keying 147
coding gain 150–2
convolutional code performance 150
Eb/No 148
Ec/No 148
effects of channel coding 150–2
energy per bit 147–8
energy per chip 148
integrator or summer 78
Node B 12.2 kb/s test channel 152–4
noise power spectral density No 147
processing gain 148–9
received signals 146
simple bit error rate performance 148
turbo code performance 150
receiver blocking see Node B or UE receiver
receiver dynamic tests see Node B or UE receiver
receiver phase noise see Node B or UE receiver
receiver sensitivity see Node B or UE receiver
receiver static tests see Node B or UE receiver
recursive systematic convolutional code see turbo codes
Reed Muller code 118
registration, introduction 61
root raised cosine filter 99, 100, 102, 110, 188
FIR implementation 100–1, 188
impulse response 100
use in uplink and downlink 129, 131
routing area
introduction to 45–6
updating see GPRS mobility management protocol
RR messages, PAGING RESPONSE 445, 454
RRC connection establishment 362–74
activation time
capability update requirement 368
completion 373–4
default DPCH offset (DOFF) 367
DRX cycle length coefficient 368
initial UE identity 363, 366
introduction 60
layer 1 setup 372–3
layer 2 setup 372
message flows 363
RRC state indicator 368
selection of SCCPCH 364
setup 363–73
signaling radio bearer setup 368–9
transaction identifier 367
u-RNTI , c-RNTI allocation 367
RRC connections, overview to 28, 48
RRC direct transfer 374–6
RRC messages
ACTIVE SET UPDATE 381, 384–5
ACTIVE SET UPDATE COMPLETE 384–5
CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN 391
DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER 376, 464, 465
HANDOVER FROM UTRAN COMMAND 387
HANDOVER TO UTRAN 389
HANDOVER TO UTRAN COMPLETE 389
INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER 375–6, 464
MEASURMENT CONTROL 402–4
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION 385
PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE 385
RADIO BEARER SETUP 283, 287, 292, 377, 465
RADIO BEARER SETUP COMPLETE 465
RRC CONNECTION REQUEST 362–3
RRC CONNECTION SETUP 287, 363–73
RRC CONNECTION SETUP COMPLETE 373–4
SECURITY MODE COMMAND 57, 465
SECURITY MODE COMPLETE 465
SYSTEM INFORMATION 353, 354, 355–6
TRANSPORT CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION 292
UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER 465, 498
URA UPDATE 343
URA UPDATE CONFIRM 343
UTRAN MOBILITY INFORMATION CONFIRM 344
RRC modes
CELL_DCH , transport channel switching 261
CELL_DCH state 43–4
CELL_FACH , transport channel switching 261
CELL_FACH state 44, 119
CELL_PCH state 44
connected mode 43
idle mode see idle mode
introduction to 43–5
URA_PCH state 44–5
scrambling code see codes
searcher 206–8
architecture 206–8
finger allocation and validation 207–8
finger cancellation 208
role of 206
secondary common control physical channel (SCCPCH) 123
use for paging 126
secondary synchronization channel (S-SCH) 122, 123–4, 131, 133
use in system acquisition 208, 213
secret key (K) see security
security
algorithms 52
anonymity key (AK) 54
authentication and key management field (AMF) 54
authentication basics 51
authentication procedures 52–4, 61
authentication token 54
authentication vector 52–4
authentication vector generation 52–4
cipher key (CK) 54
ciphering 52, 260
COUNT-C 58
COUNT-I 57
expected message authentication code (XMAC) 55
expected response (XRES) 54
FRESH 57
hyper frame number see hyper frame number
integrity key (IK) 54
integrity protection 51–2
message authentication code 54
message integrity protection 56–8
random number (RAND) 52
secret key (K) 53
sequence number (SQN) 54
START , START CS and START PS 513
THRESHOLD 59
user identity confidentiality 51
SECURITY MODE COMMAND see RRC messages
sequence number (SQN) see security
service access point
dedicated control (DC) 439
definition of 24–5
GPRS mobility management access stratum (GMMAS) 438
GPRS mobility management session management (GMMSM) 497
high priority signalling radio bearer 3 (SRB 3) 439
introduction to 29–33
logical channels see logical channels
low priority signalling radio bearer 4 (SRB 4) 439
mobile network call control (MNCC) 456
mobility management call control (MMCC) 445
mobility management location services (MMLCS) 445
mobility management short message service (MMSMS) 445
mobility management supplementary service (MMSS) 445
physical channels see physical channels
radio access bearer session manager (RABSM) 495
radio resource (RR) 438
session management registration (SMREG) 485
transport channels see transport channels
service domains, introduction to 10–15
services
bearer service 21–3
cell broadcast short message service 20–1, 27, 250 see also broadcast multicast control protocol 20–1, 27, 250
short message service 20
supplementary services 23
teleservices 19–21
serving radio network temporary identifier (s-RNTI) see addressing
session description protocol 18, 19
session initiation protocol 18, 19
session management (SM) 439–40
network service access point identifier (NSAPI) 439
PDP contexts 439–40
radio access bearer identity (RAB -Id) 440
radio access bearer manager (RABM) 439
transaction identifier (TI) 439
session management (SM) protocol 483–94, 498
access point name (APN) 484–5, 490, 493, 498
ACTIVE PENDING state 487–8
ACTIVE state 488–9
GPRS mobility management session management primitives 497
INACTIVE PENDING state 489
INACTIVE state 486–7
introduction to 14, 28
MODIFY PENDING state 489–90
network services access point identifier (NSAPI) 484–5, 487
packet data protocol (PDP) contexts
packet filters 494
PDP address 484, 487, 493, 498
PDP context activation example 497–8
PDP context transaction identifier (TI) 493
primary PDP context establishment 490–2
primitives 485–6, 495
radio access bearer manager primitives 495–7
secondary PDP context establishment 493–4
states 486–90
traffic flow template (TFT) 487, 493, 494
SGSN , introduction to 12
shared channel control channel (SHCCH) 250
short message service (SMS) 440
PS and CS domain entity 440
Short message service (SMS) protocol 498–507
architecture 498–500
CP primitives 500
example mobile originated SMS via SMC -CS 505–7
example mobile terminated SMS via SMC-GP 505, 507
introduction to 13, 28
mobility management entity (SMSMM) 498
relay protocol 499
RL primitives 500–1
short message control circuit switched entity (SMC-CS) 498
short message control GPRS protocol entity (SMC-GP) 498
SMC-CS states 501–2
SMC-GP states 502–3
SMR states 503–4
signal to interference ratio (SIR), effects of codes on 80
Signalling, basic definition of 9–10
signalling radio bearers 250, 256
signatures see PRACH , PCPCH , AICH
site selection diversity transmission (SSDT) 121
SM messages
ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT 488, 491, 492, 498
ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REJECT 487
ACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST 487, 490, 492, 498
ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT 488
ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT REJECT 487
ACTIVATE SECONDARY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST 494
DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT 489
DEACTIVATE PDP CONTEXT REQUEST 489
MODIFY PDP CONTEXT ACCEPT 489
MODIFY PDP CONTEXT REJECT 489
MODIFY PDP CONTEXT REQUEST 488–9
SMS messages
CP-ACK 500, 504, 506, 507
CP-DATA 500, 504, 505, 507
RP-ACK 500, 504, 506, 507
RP-DATA 500, 504, 505, 507
RP-ERROR 505
RP-SMMA 504
soft-handover
introduction to 36–7 see also handover 36–7
softer-handover, variation of 37
space time transmit diversity (STTD) 124
spectrum emission mask see transmitter
spreading and scrambling
basic principles of 34–5
channelisation code see channelisation code
scrambling code see scrambling code
spreading codes see codes
spreading factor see codes
spreading modulation see codes
SRNS relocation
after soft handover 37
lossless 27
START see security
symbol rate processing, transmission path 217–21
system acquisition 208
stage 1, efficient Golay correlator approach 213, 216
stage 1, hierarchical matched filter approach 213
stage 1, matched filter approach 210–12
stage 1 P-SCH detection 209, 210–13
stage 2, fast Hadamard transformer 216
stage 2 code group detection 209, 213–15
stage 3 code set detection 209
three-stage process 209–10
system frame number
uses for paging 125
uses for random access 269
uses for system information broadcasting 356
system information
BCH transport block 354, 356
block type 1–block type 18 358
broadcast channel (BCH) 353
master information block (MIB) 353
message 353
primary common control physical channel (PCCPCH) 352
scheduling 355–6
scheduling blocks 354
segmentation and concatenation 354
SFNP rime 356
structure of broadcast messages 352–3
structure of SYSTEM INFORMATION message 356–8
target channel type field see MAC
TDD mode, introduction to
TDMA , introduction to 68
terminal adaptation function (TAF) 509
terminal equipment (TE) 509
timer
T3212 453
T3250 448
TMSI see addressing
transmission time interval
for random access 268
use of 224, 225
transmitter
adjacent channel leakage ratio in Node B 144
adjacent channel leakage ratio in UE 142–3
baseband filtering 99
error vector magnitude in Node B 144
error vector magnitude in UE 140–2
Node B specifications 143–5
peak code domain error in Node B 144
peak code domain error in UE 142
spectrum emission mask in Node B 144–5
spectrum emission mask in UE 143
UE specifications 140–3
transparent mode (TM RLC) 300–5
buffering and discard 304
entity structure 300–1
operation 303–5
PDU 301
segmentation 303
state diagram 302
transport block see MAC PDU
transport block concatenation 224
transport channel combining, introduction to 35
transport channel multiplexing 228
transport channel switching see MAC
transport channels 251
introduction to 31
mapping to/from physical channels 115
transport format combination (TFC) 282, 292
blocked state 294–6
configuration 282–3
dynamic information 289
example operation 283
excess power state 294–6
indicators (TFCI) 122
introduction 282
number of transport blocks 289
physical layer procedures 297
selection 121, 294
semi-static information 288–9
set (TFCS) 292–3
transport block size 289
transport format set (TFS) 289
transport format selection (TFS) 259 see also transport format combination 259
tunnelling 14, 15
turbo codes 235
decoder 236–9
interleaver 236
maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) 235
origins 235
parallel concatenated convolutional code (PCCC) 235
principles 235–6
recursive systematic convolutional code (RSC) 235
semi-static transport format information 289
turbo decoder
Bayes’ theorem 238–9
bit probability 242
data 236
log likelihood ratio 238, 239
log MAP 244
MAP algorithm 240–3
MAP state probabilities 240–1
MAP transition probabilities 240, 242
max-log MAP 244
parity information 236
performance 247
reduced complexity algorithms 243
SISO extrinsic information 238–9
SISO soft information 238
soft-in soft-out (SISO) decoder 236, 237
U1, U2, U3, update status see idle mode
UE
application architecture 510
receiver adjacent channel selectivity 170
receiver analogue to digital converter 179
receiver architecture 177–80
receiver balun 178
receiver bandpass filter 178
receiver baseband filter 179–80
receiver blocking 170–2
receiver characteristics 169–73
receiver dynamic tests 174
receiver intermodulation specification 172–3
receiver low noise amplifier 178
receiver performance 174–5
receiver quadrature mixer 179
receiver sensitivity 169
receiver static tests 174
transceiver architecture study 176–83
transmitter architecture 181
transmitter automatic gain control (AGC) 182
transmitter digital to analogue converter
transmitter filtering
transmitter I/Q modulator 181
transmitter isolator and coupler 182
transmitter low pass filter 181
transmitter power amplifier
transmitter RF mixer
UICC 509–10
application dedicated files (ADF) 510
dedicated files (DF) 510
elementary file (EF) 510
USIM application dedicated file 510 see also USIM 510
UMTS
definition of 2–3
frequency bands 137
to GSM handover see handover
unacknowledged mode (UM RLC) 306–14
buffer status 311
buffering and discarding 313–14
configuration primitives 307
entity creation 310
entity structure 306
operation 309–14
transmitter actions 310
PDU 306–7
segmentation 311–13
state diagram 307–9
state variables 309
uplink
near–far problem 93
scrambling codes see codes
spreading codes see codes
uplink physical channels 115–22
uplink shared channel 251
URA _PCH state see RRC mode
US PCS frequency bands 137
user data, basic definition of 9–10
user plane, basic definition of 10
USIM
E FDIR 513
E FLI 513
E FLOCI 452
E FPL 513
E FPLMN 452
HPLMN 513
ME activation procedure 511–13
RPLMN 513
USIM and UICC , architecture and operation 509–13
UTRA absolute radio frequency channel number (UARFCN) 137–9
UTRAN, release 99 overview 9, 15–16
UTRAN radio network temporary identifier (u-RNTI) see addressing
UTRAN registration area, introduction to 45
UWC 136 3
variable data rate see codes
video service
introduction to 6
typical characteristics of 7
Viterbi algorithm see convolutional codes
Walsh see codes