Name order within the index: as a concession to Western readers approaching South Asian history for the first time, the names of South Asian historic figures – Hindu as well as Muslim – are listed as they appear in the text. Where applicable, descriptive political titles have been added in brackets. So ‘Peshwa Baji Rao II’ appears in the index as Baji Rao II (Peshwa) and ‘Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II’ is listed below as Shah Alam II (Mughal Emperor). European names and authors’ names are listed in the traditional indexing fashion by placing their last name first.
Abercromby, Maj.-Gen., 64
Agra, 50, 79, 88, 170, 189, 200, 211–12, 238–9, 260–2
Great Gun of, 193, 198–9
Maratha sepoys ‘come-over’, 261, 262
strategic value to British, 199
mercenary family life, 217, 237
Agra, Battle of, 194–8
casualties, 181–1; appendix II; inflation by British, 181; include non-combatants, 181–3
Agra system, 237
Ahmadnagar, 18, 19, 124, 133
Arab mercenaries at, 89, 90
artillery at, 91–2
field army of (aka Ahmadnagar Army), 18, 20, 21
importance of in 1803, 87
pettah, 89–91, 92, 368
plundering, 93
preparations for battle, 87–9
strengthened via labour for food programme, 96
surrender, 91–2
see also Deccani chain
Ahmadnagar, Battle of, 89–94
casualties, 90; appendix II; see also Ahmadnagar, pettah
Ahmad Nizam Shah (aka Malik Ahmad), 17, 18; and passim, 19
Ahmad Shah Durrani, 42–3
Ahmuty, Richard, 308–10
Ajanta Hills (ghats), 94, 100
Ajanta Pass, 96
Albuquerque, Alfonso de, 348
alcohol, 148, 167, 172, 390
Alighar, 167, 211–12
Alighar, Battle of, 162–6
casualties, 181; appendix II
Maratha survivors executed, 166
Maratha command divided, 156
opening of the battle, 153–62
plundering, 167, 255, 389
see also artillery
Ambaji Inglia, 48, 208, 218–19, 224, 244–6, 264, 395, 397
Amrut Rao, 85
Anglo-Maratha Campaigns 1803, 10
causes of, 8–9
not part of Napoleonic Wars, 12–13
significance of, 3–6
Wellington’s notoriety and history, 11–13
Anglo-Maratha conflict, 8–11
Appah Rao, 70
Argaum, 379
Argaum, Battle of, 125–31
casualties, 131; appendix II
historical perspective on, 130
Maratha ambush, 126–7
Maratha artillery at, 126–8
Wellesley restores order, 127–8
see also artillery
artillery, 21, 81, 109, 134–5
British artillery, use of, 160, 161–2, 176, 197–8; alleged superiority of, 285, 291–9, 311, 349; alleged superiority of, 285, 291–9, 311, 349
casting, 19–20, 185, 192, 292, 349, 354, 355, 357
Dirom’s portrayal of Maratha, 65
Maratha, 31, 145, 164, 167, 174, 185, 188, 193, 196, 198–9, 204, 205, 208, 227, 295–9, 305–6, 349, 350, 353, 392, 394; counter-battery fire, 206, 295
Maratha emphasis on fire superiority, 36–7, 59–60, 293–4, 355
Mughal influence, 204, 394–5
Shivaji’s use of Goan technicians, 32
versus cavalry, 113
artillery ammunition
canister shot, 36, 37, 355
chain shot, 110, 204
cost, production, 50
explosive shells, 168
fixed and semi-fixed, 37, 355, 373
grape shot, 36, 109, 112, 130, 134, 163, 208, 355, 374, 393–4
round shot, 127
see also Shrapnel, Henry
artillery types, 36–7
camel gun, 27, 43, 95, 352
field, 20, 37, 53, 350, 355
gallopers (Maratha and British), 126, 145, 153–5, 163, 168, 170–1, 177–8, 181, 205, 208, 210, 227, 235, 360, 383, 386; crew, 386
howitzer, 168, 235
laminated barrels (aka ‘bar gun’), x, 184, 199, 296–8
sectional artillery for transport, 21
siege, 20, 64
Sutlej (Sikh), xii
artillerymen, 113, 197
British outgunned, 295
Maratha, 198
Marathas feign death, 111, 115
Asirghar, 121–2, 123, 124, 133; see also Deccani chain
Assaye, Battle of, 13, 101–18, 131, 271, 284
battlefield site, modern, 102–3
British artillery, 109
British bayoneting wounded, 117
British forces, 101
casualties: British, 116; Maratha, 116; appendix II
intelligence failure, British, 98–9
intelligence failure, Maratha, 100, 104
Maratha camp, 101
Maratha artillery, 103, 104, 105, 108–9, 110, 126
Maratha artillerymen, 111, 113; feign death, 111, 115
Maratha infantry, 106
Maratha order of battle, 102
plundering, 120
reasons for Maratha loss, 104–5
Sindia’s regulars, 101
villages of Pipalgaon and Waur, 102, 103
Wellington’s notoriety and history, 11–12
see also artillery
Babur (Mughal Emperor), 190, 348, 352
Baji Rao Ⅰ (Peshwa), 34, 41–2, 72, 74
Baji Rao Ⅱ (Peshwa), 8–9, 70–1, 82, 137, 300, 360
Bali Rao, 165, 167
banjaras, 25, 75, 88, 95, 98, 192, 351
bargi-giri
counter-tactics, 43
misconstrued as guerilla warfare, 28, 351
Barlow, Gov.-Gen. George, 307, 365
Bassein, Treaty of, 8–9, 78, 80, 84, 86–7, 237, 272
bayonet, use of, 110, 111, 176, 177, 294, 311, 356
description of EIC’s, 136
Beckett, Capt. J. (aka Becketts), 152–3, 241, 242, 247, 254, 272; appendix IV, 324
Begum Sumru, 102, 121, 122, 268–9, 270, 273, 404
Bengal Native Cavalry
2nd Regt, at Delhi, 172; attack on Gujars, 190
3rd Regt, 145, 151, 152, 172
4th Regt, pursuit of Fleury, 169, 170, 204
6th Regt, escort banjaras, 391; in vicinity of Delhi, 187
1802 experiment, 144
in ‘Mud War’, 391
officer deaths at Delhi, 175
officer observations at Delhi, 178–9
officers critical of H.M’s 27th Light Dragoons, 181–2
Bengal Native Infantry
2nd Regt, 1st Btln, at Delhi, 176
4th Regt, 1st Btln, at Alighar, 161, 164; 2nd Btln, at Alighar, 161
11th Regt, 1st Btln, at Shikohabad, 168
12th Regt, 2nd Btln, at Laswari, 206
14th Regt, at Delhi, 168
16th Regt, at Laswari, 206
17th Regt, at Alighar, 161
Beni Singh, 127, 130, 131, 136, 379
Bernier, Francois, 394
Bharatpur, 212
Bijighur, 146
Bird, Brevet Lt-Col., 106, 111, 123
Blair, Col., 150, 176–7, 385
Blake, George (aka Black), 122, 268–9, 378
Blakiston, Maj. John, 81, 91, 99, 106, 108, 111, 112, 116–17, 128, 138, 367
Bourquin, Louis (aka Louis Bernard), 157, 172, 188, 244–5, 260, 263, 392
British
accused of atrocities, 181–3
engineers, 91
interservice rivalry, 182–3, 186–7
modification in cavalry tactics, 130
military culture, 73, 141, 161, 181–3, 184
reputation for taking hill forts
strategy, 10
war aims, 77–80
Brownrigg, Capt. later Maj., 257, 261, 267–8
Bundlekund, 78–9, 81, 267, 307–9
Burhanpur, 121–2
capture of, 122, 124, 133, 265
see also Deccani chain
‘Burry Khan’ (Soubahdar), 109
Calcutta, 237
Calcutta Gazette, 131, 400
Call, Cornet later Capt. George Isaac, 141, 156, 157, 163, 167, 169, 174–5, 181, 188, 204, 207, 257–8, 260, 261–2, 387, 395
Campbell, Colin, 105, 109–11, 373, 374
campaign season, 18, 65, 71–2, 73–4, 77
Carnegie, Capt. George, 213–14, 225–6, 234, 243–4, 247–8, 250, 255, 259–60, 263, 274, 401
Carnegie, Lt-Col. later Maj.-Gen. Nicholas
Carnegie, Susan, 214, 259, 274
Carnegie, Thomas, 214–15, 274
chauth, 51, 74–5, 84
Clarke, Brig.-Gen., 194–5
Clarke, Col., 152, 170
Close, Barry, 96, 272, 364
Coel, 146, 150, 153, 156, 157, 249–50
Collins, Lt-Col. John Ulrich (aka ‘King Collins’), 80–1, 87, 88, 121, 122, 149, 215, 219–21, 222, 224, 228, 232, 234, 267–8, 272–3, 404
colonial armies, 7
extension of European warfare, 6–7
Compton, Herbert, 217, 256, 396
Coningham, Lt-Col., 168–9
conquest of India, British
attributed to Wellington’s victory at Assaye, 13
slowness of, 6
Constable, Maj. later Lt-Col. George, 296–9, 394
Cornwallis, Gen. Charles, 64, 148, 302
Covell, Capt., 257–8
cross-cultural conflict analysis, 4
game theory, 2
Crowe, Cornet, 184
Cunynghame, District Collector, 149, 385
Dabhoi, Battle of, 34–7; appendix V, 329
Dalrymple, William, 393
Daulat Rao Sindia (Maharaja of Gwalior), 10, 53–4, 75–8, 80, 84, 86, 87, 89, 94, 95, 97–9, 121–2, 125, 143, 159, 171, 219, 221–2, 224, 231, 236–7, 240–2, 246, 359, 369, 372, 379; and passim, 244, 265, 272, 273, 280, 301, 311; appendix III
Daulatabad, 133; see also Deccani chain
de Boigne, Gen. Benoit, 45, 46, 47–8, 50, 51, 52–6, 143, 399
administrative reform of the army, 48–50
historic role, 60
Deccan, Army of the, 10, 82, 85
Deccani chain of forts, 121–2, 133
Delhi, 50
Delhi, Battle of (aka Battle of Dharderi Plain), 172–9, 187, 211
ambush at, 172–4, 178
casualties, 180–1; appendix II
Marathas feign death, 180
plundering at, 184
Derridon, Maj. L., 217
Dhundia Waugh, 68–71, 362
Dhundia Waugh campaign, 11, 69–70, 71
Dirom, Maj., 64–8
negative opinion of Maratha infantry, 65–8
negative opinion of Maratha artillery, 65
discipline and drill, 17, 45, 59–60, 106, 357
alleged European superiority, 6–7, 285, 287–91, 360
Army of the Deccan, 82
British cavalry experiment 1802, 144
British discipline, 97, 154, 174, 176, 196, 197
drill and battalion exercises, 144, 147–8
Dundas reforms, 290
indistinguishability of Sindia’s ‘regular corps’, 10
Maratha discipline, 153, 196, 202, 205, 207
modification of drill, 150, 385
‘native troops’ using British drill, 350
Dorson, Maj., 277
Doveton, Capt., 179
Dudrenec, Chevalier (aka Col. M. Dudrenec), 87, 192–3
Duff, Grant, 90, 94, 180, 204, 208, 395
Duncan, Gov. (of Bombay) Jonathan, 214
Dupont (aka Dupon), Capt. John James, 101–2, 122
East India Company (EIC), 7–8, 141, 143, 210–11, 213, 223, 228, 229, 236, 241, 263, 278–9, 281, 300–3, 307–8, 312, 367
troops, 350, 355, 360
Edmonstone, N. B., 235
Elphinstone, Mountstuart, 94, 96, 98–9, 106, 117, 127, 133, 134–5, 136, 281, 364, 369, 370–1, 375, 379, 380, 404
famine of 1803, 95
Fleury, Monsieur, 154, 168–70, 191
flintlocks, 38–41, 47, 66, 359
forts, 79
British perceptions of, 211–12
Indian hill, 17, 29
mud, 145–7, 383
see also Deccani chain
Fraser, J. Baillie, 250–1
French
agents captured, 12
fallacy of French state in N. India, 12, 220, 245
garrison at Pondicherry, 347
perceived ‘threat’, 12–13, 221–3, 228
rivalry with British, 7
see also mercenaries, Napoleon
Frith, Maj., 235
Gawilgarh, Battle of, 124, 130, 131–6
British artillery at, 134–5
casualties, 136
death of Rajput women, 138
plundering, 136
Gerrard, Col., 257–8
Gokhale, 84, 89, 366
Gopal Rao Bhau, 130, 379
Gordon, Stewart, 285
Gov.-Gen., as supreme in British India, 7–8
Gov.-Gen.’s bodyguard, 151, 399
Grahame, Col. John G., 93, 109
Grand Army, 10, 147–212
Grant, Lt Alexander, 114
Grant, Capt. W., 267, 271, 272, 273, 275
grasscutters, 22, 170
Gujars, 189–90
Gunga-Yamuna Doab, 44, 51, 74–6, 189
gunners, see artillerymen
Gunput Rao, 220
Gurkhas, 312; appendix V; appendix I, 313
Gwalior, 50, 291, 381
Hall, B. S., 40, 345
Harding, David F., xii, 40, 288, 290, 355, 383
harkarrahs, 98, 99, 121, 370
Harriott (aka Harricot), Capt. later Maj. A., 244, 324
Hastings, Gov.-Gen. Warren, 231, 232
hero stones, 16–17, 348
Hessing, Col. George William, 261, 268, 324, 396
Hessing, Col. John, 216–17, 396
Himmat Bahadur Gosavi, 308–9
Honore, 277
horses
cavalry mounts, 377
casualties, 374, 380; appendix II
Native Cavalry, 191
Horsford, Lt-Col. John, 161, 295
hospitals, see medical care
infiltration routes, 133, 140
intelligence, 121, 386
British, 98, 155, 211, 215, 217, 218, 220, 232, 234, 238–9, 247, 249, 256, 257, 258, 259, 270, 273, 275, 306–8, 369, 370–1, 402
network in Sindia’s camp, 264–6
Maratha, 100, 104
strategic vs. tactical, 98–9, 193, 257–8
‘irregular native horse’ units, 140, 235
Jami’ Masjid Mosque, 194, 195
Jeswunt Rao Holkar (Maharaja of Indore), 10, 54, 84, 86, 145, 367, 396
forces commanded by Amrut Rao, 85
jezail, see matchlock
jobber-commanders, 348, 350
Kachaura, 146–7
Kannauj, 144, 147–8
Khurja, 171, 217
King’s Dragoons, 144; see also Royal Regiments
Kolff, Dirk H. A., ix, 350
Lake, Gen. Gerard (C-in-C), 10, 141–50, 152, 153, 154–63, 166, 172, 186–9, 191, 192, 209, 212, 238–40, 365, 386, 389, 392; passim, 230–2, 235, 244, 246, 247–9, 254, 255, 256–7, 258, 278–9, 293
Agra, Battle of, 197, 200
Delhi, Battle of, 171–6, 178, 179
Laswari, Battle of, 200–1, 206–7
opinion of Marathas at Delhi and Laswari, 293
staff, 151, 386
Lake, Maj. George, 155, 206, 395
Laswari, Battle of, 201–8
casualties, 208; appendix II
pursuit of Sindia’s forces to, 200
light horse, Maratha, see also pindari, 18, 68, 99–100, 155
light infantry
British, 147–8
doctrine, 147–8
Maratha, 52, 359
logistics, 20, 312
British, 80, 85, 96, 100, 179, 183, 191, 192
grasscutters, 22, 170
Maratha, 47, 50, 95; banjaras
sectional artillery for transport, 25, 75, 88, 95, 98, 192, 351
Sindia’s logistic centres, 124, 156, 171
Lucan, 159, 161, 254–60
Lucknow, 254, 266
Lynn, John, 345, 406
Macan, Col., 169, 170
Madras Native Cavalry
4th Regt, 113
5th Regt, elements of at Assaye, 113
7th Regt, elements of at Assaye, 115
Madras Native Infantry, 97, 108–9; at Assaye, 111
4th Regt, 1st Btln, at Assaye, 108
6th Regt, at Argaum, 130
8th Regt, 1st Btln, at Assaye, 108
10th Regt, 1st Btln, court-martials, 97; at Assaye, 108; used as dooley bearers, 119
12th Regt, 2nd Btln, at Assaye, 108
Mahadji Sindia (Maharaja of Gwalior), 44, 46–7, 74, 133
Malcolm, Maj. John, 95, 215, 229
Malik Ambar, 21, 25
Maratha Confederacy, 346
Maratha military, 45, 56
cavalry, 81; quilted coats, 130
command structure fractured, 156, 157, 159, 197, 304–5
economic vulnerability, 301
engineering, 72, 163, 363
high-water mark, 3–6, 344
infantry, 18, 43, 63, 81, 288, 306; Dirom’s portrayal of, 65–8, quality of, 31; use of terrain, 195
mercenaries in historic perspective, appendix V, 327–34
naval tradition, 11, 29, 31
reorganization under Mahadji, 47
rissalahs, 235, 399
Maratha military culture, 57, 73, 80, 139
British perceptions of, 62–8; comparison to European, 63, 138
confusion over ethnic and military identity, 21
emergence of, 17
main elements of, 59–60
mischaracterized as guerilla, 27–8, 352
mischaracterized as pindari, 34
uniforms, 28, 47, 353, 380, 389
Maratha troops’ ethnicity, 21–2, 23, 44, 57, 148–9, 208
‘Bengali sepoys’, 117
British, 263
Arabs, 127, 130
Rajputs, 127, 136, 350, 388
Ghosseins, 44, 127, 130, 380
Portuguese, 31
Sikhs, 156, 171, 176, 180
Teilingas, 290, 359
Topasses, 23, 66, 288, 350
of ‘regular corps’, 44
Marrs, Ensign Alexander, 122
matchlock, 37–41, 155, 164, 195, 355, 356, 367, 391
jezail, 41
sharpshooters, 164, 195, 367
used by Arab mercenaries, 88
Mathura, 50, 191–2, 201
Maxwell, Lt-Col., 112, 113, 115
McLeod, Maj., 161, 162, 165
medical care, 117, 118–20, 131, 183–4, 200, 207, 375, 376
dooley bearers, 183–4
Europeans required more, 119, 120
field hospitals, 117, 118–19, 131, 151, 184, 189
heat casualties, 175, 179–80
medicinal alcohol, 118
mercenaries, 47–8, 51, 54–5, 56–7, 201, 225, 228, 237, 240–2, 252, 254, 260, 262, 263, 266–7, 275–6, 279, 301, 303–4, 378; see also individuals: Carnegie, Perron, Pohlman, Sutherland
American, 236, 399
Arab, 89, 368
British, 214–15, 216, 222, 225–6, 232, 233–4, 243, 247–8, 249, 266–7, 272, 401; appendix V, 330
Dutch, 216–17; see also Dupont and Hessing
and the EIC, 227, 235–6, 240, 249, 266–7, 278–9, 307
European, 49, 217–18, 242, 368, 371
Euro-Asian mercenaries, 49, 148–9, 156, 157, 222, 237, 242, 249, 282, 303
French, 156–7, 193, 217, 221, 222, 223, 228, 368
in historic perspective, appendix V, 327–34
interrelated by marriage, 217; see also Agra
Mughal bodyguard, 230, 399
mutiny, 239
pension records, appendix IV
Portuguese, 32, 378
Scottish connection, 216, 247–8, 274
see also Proclamation, appendix III
Mercier, Capt., 122, 277
Metcalfe, Lord, 216–17, 396
Middleton, Maj., 143, 175
Mieselbach, Col. John F., 307–10; appendix IV, 325
Military Revolution, 5, 310, 344, 345, 346, 349
Mill, James, 131
Monson, Col. William, 162, 163, 255
monsoon, 18, 20, 29, 31, 64–5, 73, 89, 137, 170, 353, 355, 366, 390
Mughal Empire, decline of, 75–6, 79
Müller, Capt., 146
Munro, Maj. Innes, 63
Munro, Thomas, 94, 294
Napoleon, 10, 12–13, 223, 352
Nicolls, General Oliver, 118
Nizam of Hyderabad, 137, 300, 360
female troops, 270, 404
sepoys, 229
Nizam’s Subsidiary Force, 94
northern front, 80
Ochterlony, Lt-Col. David, 189, 237–9, 247, 263, 269
officer leadership, 305
British, 144, 154, 161, 163, 165, 176, 178, 206–7
Maratha, 143–4, 156, 157, 159, 171–2, 178, 197, 226, 252, 260, 275–6, 279, 281–2, 294–5, 306
Orrock, Lt-Col. William, 110–11
Panipat
first Battle of 1526, Horse-drawn cart-mounted artillery, 145, 352
third Battle of 1761, 42, 43–4, 67; appendix V, 329
Parker, Geoffrey, 344, 345, 346
Pedron, Col., 156–7, 166–7, 253, 325
son at Khurja, 171, 217
Pedron, Lt A., 325
Pedron, Ensign M., 325
Pemble, John, 236–7
Perron, Gen. (Sindia’s C-in-C), 56, 61, 88, 143, 146, 151–3, 157, 159, 171, 216–18, 220, 223–4, 230–4, 238, 239–40, 244–5, 246–7, 250, 252, 274, 277, 280–1, 304, 306
Perron’s mounted bodyguard, 154, 253–4
Pester, Lt John, 141, 146, 147, 148–9, 150, 153, 154, 159, 162, 165, 169, 176–7, 183, 184, 185, 197, 257, 262, 385, 402
pindaries, 32–4, 42, 44, 49, 58, 84–5, 94, 96, 100, 102, 140, 143, 145, 210, 271, 288, 303–4, 311, 354, 370, 372, 390
Ahmadnagar as a base against, 88
Appah Rao’s as a problem for the British, 70–1
at Assaye, 114–15
economic liability, 143
opposition to, from locals, 95–6
Pohlman, Lt-Col. later Col., 88, 101–2, 236, 239, 267, 268, 273–4, 276–9, 325
and brigade, 271
pontoons, 71, 72, 73, 363–4
Portuguese, 19, 31, 32, 288, 303
prize funds, 93, 120, 124, 185, 186, 377
Proclamation of 1803, 148–9, 151, 157, 187, 211, 229–30, 233, 236–7, 244, 247–9, 262, 263–4, 265, 266, 268–72, 273, 309, 384–5, 401; appendix III
Pune (aka Poona), 80
Wellesley’s cavalry dash to, 85–6
Raeside, Ian, 28
Raghuji Bhonsle Ⅱ (Maharaja of Berar), 10, 77, 78, 80, 86, 89, 94, 95, 121–2, 124–5, 131, 346, 380
army of, 97, 101, 124–31, 126, 130, 131, 311, 379; appendix III
‘regular corps’ (Sindia’s), 10, 44, 47, 48, 50, 51–2, 54, 60, 81, 99, 106, 124, 151, 172, 190, 199–200, 226–7, 230, 239, 252, 260, 263, 288–9, 305, 311, 368, 370
benefits from EIC policy, 143
Deccani brigade sent to Doab, 193
Invincibles, 208
join British, 187
most serious threat to British, 80, 151
not used to garrison Ahmadnagar, 88
symmetrical warfare, 291
Reinhard, Walter, 269–70
Rennel, Maj., 64
Revolution in Military Affairs, 288, 345
Roach, John, 122, 268–9
Rotton, Maj. R. W., 241, 264–6, 400; appendix IV, 325
Royal Regiments
8th Light Dragoons, 152, 191, 202
19th Light Dragoons, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117
27th Light Dragoons, 172, 175, 181–2, 257–8
29th Light Dragoons, 169, 170, 202, 204, 206, 207, 260; pursuit of Fleury, 169, 170; state of inefficiency, 144
74th Highlanders, 108, 110–13, 116–17, 125, 130
76th Foot: at Alighar, 161, 162; at Delhi, 176, 178; not first to attack Maratha guns; at Delhi, 180; at Laswari, 205
78th Highlanders: at Assaye, 90, 108, 110, 115, 284; at Argaum, 130
St John, Maj.-Gen., 147, 196, 201
St Leger, Col. later Maj.-Gen. William, 144, 153–4, 383
Sale, Capt. George, 114
Salkeld, Capt., 197
Sardesai, G. S., 92, 397
Sargi Rao Ghatke, 218, 219, 224–5, 264–5, 397
Sarkar, Jadunath, 92, 104, 352
Sasni, 146
Scott, David, 275
sebundi, 93, 95, 149
Sen, S. N., 27
Shah Alam Ⅱ (Mughal Emperor), 45, 75–9, 159, 200, 209
Shahji Bhonsle (aka Shahuji), 25
Shamshir Bahadur, 309–10, 409
Shawe, Military Secretary Merrick, 265
Sheppherd, Lt-Col. J. R., 263–4, 282, 326
Shikohabad, 149, 168
Shipton, ‘Captain of Artillery’, 160
Shivaji Bhonsle (Chhatrapati), 23–32; and passim, 42, 43, 75, 285, 350, 351, 353, 354
relevance to 1803, 168
troops in uniform, 28
use of Goan technicians for casting artillery, 32
use of pindaries, 32
Shrapnel, Henry, 298–9
Sikandrabad, 243
Sikhs, 220, 303, 311, 409
Skinner, Capt. James, 224–44, 250–1, 282, 374, 401–2
Smith, Maj. Ferdinand Lewis, 192, 244, 261, 267–8, 273, 290; appendix IV, 326
South Asian military economy, 15–16, 22–3, 31, 34, 58–9, 60, 66, 70–1, 74, 84–5, 91–2, 96, 123, 137–8, 139, 149, 156, 269–70, 281–2, 284, 288, 299–300, 301–4, 312; appendix V, 328–9
British public carriage contracts, 65
financial centres, 227
integration of traditional craftsmen, 54–5
military labour market, ix, 22–3, 26, 44, 58, 66, 105, 143, 151–2, 191, 193, 196, 213, 227, 229, 246, 253, 262, 282, 284, 289, 303, 312, 350; appendix V, 329;
military spot market, 18, 65
southern front, 80
spears, Maratha, 111, 114, 155, 374, 387
Srirangapatnam, 64, 363
Stevenson, Col., 94, 99–100, 122–4, 125, 128, 369
pincer with Arthur Wellesley, 97
Stewart (aka Stuart), Lt later Capt. Daniel, 273–7, 326
Strange, Sgt, 114
Stuart, Gen. (C-in-C of the Madras Army), 99
Stuart, Kenneth Bruce, 247, 248, 274, 401
‘Stuart, Mr’: see Stewart, Lt Daniel
Stuart, Lt later Maj. Charles, 141, 143, 144, 146, 157, 166, 167, 168, 178, 180–3, 184, 186–90, 191, 193, 234, 249, 258, 382
criticizes EIC policy, 151–2
criticizes Lake, 144, 166
Subsidiary Treaty Alliance, 8–9, 70, 79, 137, 220–1, 360
Sutherland, Col. Hugh (aka Henry), 161, 197, 212, 216, 217, 225–6, 237, 238–40, 260–3, 268, 289, 326, 393, 397, 404
Sutherland, Capt. Robert, 53, 55, 217, 237, 243, 247, 393, 397
Swarbruck, Sgt., 112, 113, 117
technological determination, 40, 73, 295–6, 299, 310–11
Thorn, Capt. later Maj. William, 12–13, 76, 89, 90, 95, 185, 202–4, 206, 276
Tipu Sultan, 64–8, 286
Tone, Henry, 64
Trimbuk Rao Dabhade (Senapati ), 34, 354
Tughluqabad, 190
tulwars, 113
effectiveness of, 116–17, 155
Ujjain, 268
Vandeleur, Col. T. P., 191–2, 206
Vandeleur, Lt-Col. John, 207
villages, fortified, 95
Wagle, N. K., ix, 1, 353, 354–5
Ware, Gen., 176, 206, 207, 391
wars
Anglo-Maratha, 133, 150
Anglo-Mysore, 286
First Anglo-Maratha, 63
Fourth Anglo-Mysore, 68
Karnatak, 63
Mud, 145–6, 383, 391
Second Anglo-Mysore, 128, 133–4
Second Coalition, 280
Second Karnatak, 63
Third Anglo-Mysore, 68, 118, 398
see also appendix I
Weller, Jac, 104, 284
Wellesley, Maj.-Gen. Arthur (later Duke of Wellington), 10, 74–7, 256, 270–1, 276, 362, 363–4, 365, 370–1, 375, 379, 380
advance on Ahmadnagar, 87
advocates offensive doctrine in South Asia, 101, 126, 138
appointed Military Governor of Srirangapatnam, 68
at Argaum restores order, 127–8
at Assaye, 99–116
cavalry dash to Pune, 85–6
consultation with Lt-Col. Collins, 81
criticism of, 94
changing perceptions of Marathas, 137, 292–3
discipline, 93, 97, 119, 120
dooley bearer desertions, 119
effect of notoriety on historical interpretation, 11–13
optimism prior to war, 80
partner Stevenson, 97
perceptions of Marathas, 69–70, 71–2
regional bias of combat experience, 74, 77, 80
Wellesley, Henry (Lt-Gov. the Ceded Districts), 223, 308, 364, 385
Wellesley, Richard (Gov.-Gen.), 78, 137, 209, 215, 220–3, 228–30, 233, 235, 239–40, 280–1, 306, 364, 365
correspondence with Arthur, British war aims, 74–7
nepotism, 81
and the Treaty of Bassein, 9
Welsh, Capt. James, 82, 84, 86, 90, 93, 125, 127, 128, 134–5
Wemyss, 151, 385–6
Western military ascendance, 4–6, 285, 287, 311
White, Col., 195
Yorktown, Battle of, 148, 166, 293, 329
zamindars
refractory, 146, 169, 235, 383–4, 390
artillery hidden from British arms inspectors, 390
Zouaves, 290–1