A. L. Burt (publisher) 19
Ackroyd, Peter 41
Adams, Henry 30
African Americans, exclusion from modern selfhood 164
Agnew, Jean-Christophe 103
Alden, Roberta (in An American Tragedy) 72
as affected by industrialization 3
journalistic realism 54
portrayal 146
poverty 211
problems arising from lack of family support 199
sexuality and pregnancy 151, 154–156
treatment by Clyde Griffiths 197, 202, 203–205, 207, 208
Alfred A. Knopf (publisher) 26
Alger, Horatio 56, 113, 115
American Academy of Arts and Letters xx
American Bar Association 27
American culture, and the theme of desire 63–66
American Medical Association 27, 180
American Play Company 27
American Spectator xix
An American Tragedy (TD) xvii, 8, 11, 24, 26, 151
and consumerism 4
and criminology 42
crime fiction genre 196–198, 209–210
desire theme 65, 71–73
documentary base 212
dramatization 20, 27, 28
film xviii, 58
and gender 5, 10
portrayal of masculinity 5
and sentiment 201
Gilbert Griffiths (cousin of Clyde Griffiths) 71, 76, 205
Hortense Briggs 153, 154, 155, 159, 201, 207
industrialization and its effects 3
journalistic realism 54, 57
paperback issue 19
politics and personality theme 6
and poverty 212
pregnancy theme 149, 152, 156
printing history 26
rags-to-riches paradigm and journalism 57–58
Samuel Griffiths (uncle of Clyde Griffiths) 71, 75, 76, 202, 205
and sentimentalism 196, 197, 201, 210
social respectability and the maintenance of appearances 75, 77
Sondra Finchley 72, 76, 154, 155, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207
stage adaptation xvii
style 58–59
TD’s difficulties with conclusion 196
trial for suppression (1929) xviii
upward mobility theme 115
see also Alden, Roberta; Griffiths, Clyde
Anderson, Sherwood xviii, 10, 28
anti-Semitism, TD accused of xix
appearances
maintenance
and sexual propriety, in Jennie Gerhardt 73
and social respectability 73, 78
Appleton (publisher) 26
Armour, Philip D. 32
art
and commerce 9
in The “Genius” 127–128, 129–130, 131–134
Ashcan School 94, 98, 130, 139
Athens, significance 161
Authors’ League of America xvi, 5
B. W. Dodge and Company (publisher) xiv
Baguley, David, and naturalist fiction 53
Balzac, Honoré de 35, 85, 174
Barr, Amelia E. 128
Baum, Frank 91
Baym, Nina 100, 211
Bell, Michael Davitt, on TD’s understanding of women 157
Bellow, Saul, critical appreciation of Dreiser 47, 48
Benjamin, Walter 91
Berryman, John 48
biographical methods, TD’s use 30–45
Bloom, Marion xvi
Blue Ribbon Books (publisher) 19
Bok, Edward 30
Bon Marché 89
Boni and Liveright (publisher) xvi–xvii, 5, 24, 139
A Book About Myself see Newspaper Days
book clubs 18
Book Find Club 19
A Book of Prefaces (Mencken) xvi
Book-of-the-Month Club 19
Bookman (magazine), serialization of A Book About Myself 19
Booth, Franklin (illustrator) xvi
Bourne, Randolph, TD and ethnicity 56
Bowlby, Rachel 164
Brennan, Austin (husband of Mame Dreiser) 40
Brown, Bill 2, 9, 169
Brown, Grace (murder victim) 42, 57, 212
Bryant, William Cullen 32
Buck, Carrie, sterilization 211
Buck v. Bell (1927), significance of attitudes towards poverty 211
The Bulwark (TD) xv, xvi, xvii, xx, 8, 11
as book club selection 19
concerns with material details 85
materialism and spirituality 91, 96
mysticism 51
and Quakerism 42
burlesque 52
Burns, Sarah 132
Burr, Albert H. 180
Butler, Aileen (Frank Cowperwood’s second wife)(in The Trilogy of Desire) 44, 120, 135, 136, 150
affair with Cowperwood 69, 70, 112, 113, 114, 124
Cowperwood’s loyalty towards as commitment to speculation 115
portrayal 146–147
Butler, Edward (politician), TD interviews 45
Butler, Edward Malia (in The Trilogy of Desire) 44, 69, 70, 146, 148
desire theme 65
employment of Pinkerton detectives 112, 113, 122
promotes Frank Cowperwood’s career 124
upward mobility 112, 113, 117
Butterick (publisher) xiv, 7, 15, 18
Cain, James M. 108, 196, 209
Camera Club (NY) 131
Campbell, Louise (TD’s literary adviser and lover) xvi, xvii, xx
Capote, Truman 42
Carnegie, Andrew 3, 32, 49, 138
Cassuto, Leonard 7, 10
Cather, Willa 26
Century (magazine), serialization of A Traveler at Forty 19
Century Company (publisher) xv, 24
Chandler, Raymond 26
Chaplin, Charlie, and burlesque 52
Chicago
role in Sister Carrie 86, 87–89, 186
significance 161
TD’s attitude towards 93
Chopin, Kate 171
“Christian Gentleman” 205, 212
Christian Science 94, 95, 96
cinema, and materialism 91
cities
aesthetic appreciation, in The “Genius” 94, 98
as promiscuous spaces 182
commerce, and art, in The “Genius” 127–128, 129–130, 131–134
communism, TD’s involvement xviii, xix, xx, 8
conspicuous consumption 3
Constable (publisher) 21
consumerism 3, 4, 83, 84
commodity fetishism 90
see also desire; materialism
Cooper, James Fenimore 43
copyrights 25, 28
corporations, emergence 118
Cowley, Malcolm 12
Cowperwood, Frank (in The Trilogy of Desire) 3, 9
ability to inspire loyalty 117, 125
artistic and commercial experiences 127, 134, 140
character 33
character modeled on Charles T. Yerkes 43–45
desire theme 63, 65, 69
domestic alienation 100
as financier and philosopher 49
materialism 86
rags-to-riches paradigm 56
relationship with Aileen Butler 124, 146–147
investigated by Pinkerton detectives 112
relationship with Stephanie Platow 147, 148
self-interest 201
social mobility and class structure 10
social respectability and the maintenance of appearances 75
upward mobility 6, 113, 114–115, 116, 119–122, 125
Crane, Stephen 164
crime
crime fiction genre, An American Tragedy 42, 196–198, 209–210
criminality, TD’s understandings of 198
Cudlipp, Thelma (model for Suzanne Dale of The “Genius”) xv, 68
Culin, Stewart 91
Cummings, E. E. 23
Daly, Carroll John 209
Darrow, Clarence xviii
Davies, Jude 164, 165
Davis, Richard Harding 20
Dawn (TD)
and autobiography 40
and The Financier 44
portrayal of masculinity 5
publication (1931) xviii, 8
use of biographical material in the character of Carl Dreiser 40
withheld from publication xvii
Defoe, Daniel, realism 50
Delbanco, Andrew, TD’s Germanic inheritance and its influence on style 55
The Delineator (magazine) xiv, 7, 68, 70
Dell, Floyd xv
desire
An American Tragedy 65, 71–73, 74
and consumer culture 83, 84
and development of American culture 63–66
The Financier 68, 70
Jennie Gerhardt 68
Sister Carrie 63, 65, 66, 67
social construction 7
and social respectability 78
The Titan 70
see also consumerism; materialism
Dickens, Charles 41
Dobson, Joanne 199
Doctorow, E. L. 112, 115, 124
domesticity
domestic alienation 108–109
in The “Genius” 106
in Sister Carrie 100, 102, 103, 106, 107–108, 109
in Jennie Gerhardt 106, 107
see also families
Dos Passos, John 58, 60
Doubleday, Frank 16, 24, 178, 192
Doubleday, Mrs., objections to Sister Carrie 53
Doubleday, Page and Company (publisher) xiii, xx, 7, 16, 17, 23, 24, 157
Douglass, Frederick 164
Dreiser, Al (TD’s brother) 44
Dreiser, Carl (TD’s nephew), use as biographical subject 40–42
Dreiser, Emma (TD’s sister) xii, xiii, 36, 38, 179, 193
Dreiser, Helen Patges (née Richardson; TD’s lover and second wife) xvii, xix, xx
Dreiser, Johann Paul (TD’s father) xi, xii, xiv, 40
Dreiser, Mame (TD’s sister) xi, 40
Dreiser, Rome (TD’s elder brother) xii
Dreiser, Sara Osborne (née White, “Sallie”/“Jug”, TD’s first wife) xii, xiii, xiv, xv, xx, 7, 15, 16, 17, 151
Dreiser, Sarah Schänäb (TD’s mother) xi, xii, 40
Dreiser, Sylvia (TD’s sister) xii, 40
Dreiser, Theodore
accused of plagiarizing Dorothy Thompson’s work 11
biographical methods 30–45
biography xi–xx, 7–8, 142–143
characterization and fashion 12
consumerism and its effects on his work 3, 4
copyrights 28
editorial experience 15
experience of art and commerce 127, 128
fascination with politics and personality 5, 7
fiction development 9
and gender and sexuality 4, 5
Germanic background and its influence on style 55–56
industrialization and its effects on his work 2, 3
interview techniques 31–33, 34
and journalism 16, 128
and literary agents 26
literary reputation 1–2, 11
political views 8, 12
and professional authorship 9, 15, 16–26
sexual anxieties 159
style 9, 47–60
and biography 9
use of family’s history as basis for works 40–42
visual arts and the use of biographical techniques 34–39
works xx, 25, 28
“About the Hotels” 31
An Amateur Laborer xiv, 7, 27, 40
America Is Worth Saving xix, 8
Chains: Lesser Novels and Stories xviii, 20
“Christmas in the Tenements” 83
The Color of a Great City xvii, 20, 83
“A Doer of the Word” 33, 200, 201, 212
Dreiser Looks at Russia xviii, 8, 20
Free and Other Stories xvi, 20
A Gallery of Women xviii, 20, 33, 156
“The Girl in the Coffin” xv
“Gossip of Chicago’s Big Show” 31
The Hand of the Potter xvi, xvii, 61, 165, 197
“Heard in the Corridors” (column in Globe-Democrat) xii, 31
Hey Rub-A-Dub-Dub xvii, 8, 20
A Hoosier Holiday xvi, 8, 40
“Jeremiah I” 52
“Laughing Gas” 51
“A Lesson From the Aquarium” 44
“McEwen of the Shining Slave Makers” xiii
Moods: Cadenced and Declaimed xviii, 20
“My Brother Paul” 20, 31
“Nigger Jeff” xiii, 30, 197, 210
Notes on Life xviii
“Old Rogaum and His Theresa” xiii
“Peter” 31, 34
Plays of the Natural and Supernatural xvi, 20
“The Rake” (unpublished novel) xiv
“This Madness – The Story of Elizabeth” 42
Tragic America xix, 8
Twelve Men xvi–xvii, 8, 20, 31, 33, 34
see also An American Tragedy; The Bulwark; Dawn; The Financier; Jennie Gerhardt; Newspaper Days; Sister Carrie; The Stoic; The Titan; A Traveler at Forty; The Trilogy of Desire
Dreiser, Vera (TD’s niece) 41
Dreiser Edition xx, 1, 11, 28, 214
Dresser, Paul (TD’s eldest brother) xi, xiii, xiv, 17, 20, 31, 38, 68
“On the Banks of the Wabash” xiii
Drouet, Charles (in Sister Carrie) 36, 87, 88, 104, 105, 178
character contrasted with that of Carrie 144–145
characterization and its socialization 186, 187, 188, 189, 194
desire theme 66
dines out with Carrie, TD’s approach to realism 50
relationship with Carrie 154, 171
Dudley, Dorothy xvi
Eby, Clare Virginia 5, 9, 45, 49, 124
Eddy, Mary Baker 95
editorial work, Dreiser’s experience 15
“The Eight” 98
Eisenstein, Sergei xviii
Eliot, T. S. 40, 41
Emerson, Ralph Waldo 116
ethnocentrism 51
effects on TD 55–56
see also race
European culture, influence over American culture 129, 135, 138, 139, 140
Ev’ry Month (monthly magazine) xiii, 17
Exposition see World’s Columbian Exposition
“The Fair”, and retailing 89, 90
fallen women narratives 9, 178–179, 184
Sister Carrie 4, 35–39, 178, 179
see also fiction; New Woman; women
families
social role 198
women as homemakers, Jennie Gerhardt 149–150
see also domesticity
family history, TD’s use as basis for works 40–42
Farrell, James T., TD’s realism 52
Faulkner, William 23, 26, 43, 59
Fauset, Jessie 179
Ferrero, Guglielmo 193
fiction
crime fiction genre 42, 196–198, 209–210
sentimental fiction 199, 200
see also fallen women narratives
Fiedler, Leslie, on TD’s understanding of women 157
Field, Eugene 83
Field, Marshall 88
Fielding, Mildred (Warsaw teacher) xii
financial returns, for authors 21–23
The Financier (TD) 11
biographical techniques 33
Black Grouper allegory 43, 121
desire theme 68, 70
Lillian Semple Cowperwood (wife of Frank Cowperwood) 114, 120, 121, 135
publication (1912) 7
quotation from Richard III 43, 46
shortened version published xviii
social respectability and the maintenance of appearances 75
sources 44
upward mobility 6, 112–119, 124
and accountability 119, 122
and class structure 10
and loyalty 122
women’s role 142
see also Cowperwood, Frank; The Trilogy of Desire
Fisher, Philip 103, 164
Fitzgerald, F. Scott 23, 26, 57, 65, 154
“The Flesh and the Spirit” see Sister Carrie
Ford, Ford Madox 58
Ford, Henry 3
Foster, Hannah 178
Franklin, Benjamin, rags-to-riches paradigm 56
Frost, Robert 21, 26
Frye, Northrop 53
Gair, Christopher 6, 9
Garden City Publishing (publisher) 19
gender
attitudes towards 205–206, 212
and loyalty 117
male heroism 206
male proprietorship 145
“Masculine Achiever” 205, 212
masculinity 5, 10, 95, 205–207, 211
men, domestic alienation 100
portrayal 9
and sentimentality, An American Tragedy 201
separate spheres concept 198, 211
and sexuality 4, 5, 10
see also pregnancy; women
gender stereotypes 9
inversion 148
portrayal of women 142
The “Genius” (TD) xv, xvi, xvii, 7, 11
Angela Blue 146, 151, 158
artistic and commercial themes 127–128, 129–130, 131–134, 139
court case thrown out xvi
desire theme 70
domestic alienation 106
and materialism 9, 84, 85, 86
publication (1915) 8, 139
republication 19
sexual desire and materialism 93–96
social respectability and the maintenance of appearances 75
suppression 5, 157
Suzanne Dale 72, 146
and visual arts 34
women’s superiority and pregnancy themes 149, 151, 158
see also Witla, Eugene Tennyson
George, Henry, and consumerism 4
Gerhardt, Jennie (in Jennie Gerhardt) xv, 40
desire theme 63, 68, 84
domesticity 106–107
as homemaker and pregnancy 149–151
power 157
sexual propriety and maintenance of appearances 73, 74
and social respectability 77
gifts, nature 115, 116, 125
Giles, Paul 2, 9
Gillette, Chester (model for Clyde Griffiths in An American Tragedy) 42, 57, 212
glass windows, role in Sister Carrie 87–89, 91–92
Globe-Democrat (St. Louis newspaper) 31
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 35
Grant Richards (publisher) 21
Griffiths, Clyde (in An American Tragedy) 209
awareness of family attitudes towards poverty 199
characterization 57
as criminal and sentimentalist 5, 197, 198
selflessness and ineffectualness 200, 201–209
and consumerism 4
desire theme 64, 65, 71–73
and tragedy 73, 74
domestic alienation 100
execution 196
journalistic realism 54
masculinity 5
and sentimentality 10
politics and personality theme 6
poverty 211
problems arising from lack of family support 199
relationships with women 152–156
social respectability and the maintenance of appearances 75–77
subserviency to Roberta Alden 151
thought patterns 58
Grosset and Dunlap (publisher) 19
Hall, G. Stanley 205
Hals, Franz 139
Hammett, Dashiell 26, 196, 209
Hapgood, Hutchins xix
Harcourt, Alfred (publisher) 23
Hardy, Thomas 35, 52
Harper and Brothers (publisher) xiii, xv, 24
Harris, Neil 86
Hartley, J. Scott 35
Hawthorne, Nathaniel 32
Heinemann (publisher) 21
Hemingway, Ernest 23, 26, 28, 48, 152
Henri, Robert 98
Henry, Arthur xiii, xiv, 7, 17
Henry, Maud xiii
Henry Holt (publisher) 26
Hoffenstein, Samuel xviii
Holmes, Bayard 180
Holmes, Justice Oliver Wendell, attitudes towards poverty 211
Horace Liveright, Inc. (publisher) xviii, 24, 26, 28
Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz, on cultural taste between the sexes 140
Horwitz, Howard 119
Houghton Mifflin (publisher) 26
Howard, June 164
Howells, William Dean 32, 56, 128, 133, 174, 185
Howley, Haviland and Company (music production firm) xiii
Hume, David 212
Hurstwood, George (in Sister Carrie) 36–37, 148, 179
characterization
contrast with that of Carrie 144–145
and socialization 190
and criminal motivations 197
domestic alienation 100, 101, 103–105, 107–108, 109
lack of decisiveness 208
masculinity 5
materialism 66, 67, 87, 90
ornithological characteristics 52
racial otherness 9, 166–170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175
social respectability and maintenance of appearances 74
social selfhood 165
Hutchinson, Francis 212
industrialization 2, 3, 9
Inness, George 35
J. F. Taylor (publisher) xiv
James, Henry 21, 40, 47, 59, 85, 147, 155
James, William 86, 206
Jameson, Frederic 91
Jehlen, Myra 167, 169, 171
Jenney, William Le Baron 89
Jennie Gerhardt (TD) xiv, 10
completion 16
desire theme 68, 84
domesticity 106, 107
dramatization 20
editing and publication xv
ethnocentrism and Germanic style 55–56
as family chronicle 40
film xix
language 152
Lester Kane xv, 5, 40, 74, 100, 106–107, 150
and modernity 92–93
mysticism 52
portrayal of masculinity 5
pregnancy theme 149, 151
publication (1911) 7
sexual propriety and maintenance of appearances 73
as study of selflessness 200
“The Transgressor” (working title) 6
women’s role 142
see also Gerhardt, Jennie
Jesus Christ, characterization 206
John Lane Company (publisher) xv, xvi, 5, 24, 139
Johnson, Andrew 31
journalism
in An American Tragedy 57
Dreiser’s experience 16
TD’s interview techniques 31–33
Joyce, James 58
Jurca, Catherine 6, 9
Kaplan, Amy 51, 101, 102
Karaganis, Joseph 57
Katz, Michael 211
Kazin, Alfred 48
Kearney, Patrick (dramatist) 27
Kerlin, Louise (Paul Dresser’s mistress), as model for Carrie Meeber 38
Kimmel, Michael 206
Kruger, Barbara 4
Kubitz, Estelle Bloom (TD’s lover) xvi
Larsen, Nella 179
Lasch, Christopher 121
Lauter, Paul, critical appreciation of TD 48
Leach, William 96
League of American Writers xix
Lears, Jackson 4, 9
Lehan, Richard 57
Lewis, Sinclair xviii, 1, 11, 23, 26, 108, 109
Lindsay, Vachel 91
Lingeman, Richard 41, 106, 158
literary agents 26
Literary Guild 19
Liveright, Horace xvi, xvii, xix, 24
lobster and squid allegory in The Financier 43, 44, 114, 122
Lombroso, Cesare 193
London, Jack 21, 163, 164
loyalty, and upward mobility 113–115, 122, 124
McCord, Peter, as interviewee 31
McCullagh, Joseph B. (editor, Globe-Democrat) 31
magazine serialization 19
Mailer, Norman 42, 49, 57
Marden, Orison Swet 31–34, 128
Markham, Kirah (TD’s lover) xv, xvi, 148
Martin, Karin A. 158
Martin, Ronald E. 163
Martin, Wendy 171
Marx, Karl 90
masculinity see gender
mass culture
industrialization, as reflected in An American Tragedy 200
and modernity, in Jennie Gerhardt 92–93
see also consumerism
mass production, TD’s interest in 2
material culture 9
materialism
and sexual desire 93, 96
Sister Carrie 85, 86, 87, 92
TD’s concerns with 9, 84–86
see also consumerism; desire
Matthiessen, F. O. 47, 51, 55, 57
Mauss, Marcel 116
media, theme in An American Tragedy 57
Meeber, Carrie (in Sister Carrie) 147, 148, 150, 154
acquisitiveness 136
characterization 35, 36–39, 58, 144, 146
and its socialization 185
and consumerism 4
desire theme 63, 65, 66–67
dines out with Drouet, TD’s approach to realism 50
as fallen woman 178, 179
Germanic background 56
identity commodified in the economic cycle 49
materialism 87, 90–92, 95
racial otherness 9, 166, 167, 169, 170–175
social respectability 77, 78
and maintenance of appearances 74
social selfhood 165
superiority over Drouet 154
as unattached woman 179
urban and domestic alienation 103, 104, 105
and the use of mirror images 54
Melville, Herman 43
Mencken, H. L. xiv, xvi, xvii, xix, 8, 11, 23, 26, 142
assessment of Frank Cowperwood 43
brokers TD’s visit to “Sing-Sing” Prison during writing of An American Tragedy 196
cooling of friendship with TD 210
on Cowperwood’s character 33
defends The “Genius” 5
role of women in An American Tragedy 152
TD and ethnicity 56
TD’s understanding of women 157
Metropolitan (magazine) xvii, 5, 19
Michaels, Walter Benn 49, 102, 114–115, 116, 117, 119, 164, 167, 173
middle class, estrangement from 9
Midway Plaisance see White City
Miller, Henry 40
“Mirage” see An American Tragedy
Mizruchi, Susan 184, 194
Modern Age Books (publisher) xix, 24
Modern Library (publisher) 19
modernity, in Jennie Gerhardt 92–93
Moers, Ellen 43, 196
movie rights 20
museums
cultural standing as means of artistic patronage 137–138
role 127
Myers, Gustavus 138
mysticism, and realism 51, 52
Nathan, George Jean (editor and journalist) xix, 23
National Commitee for the Defense of Political Prisoners, TD’s role in investigation (1931) xix
National Institute of Arts and Letters, TD refuses to join xix
Nazism, TD accused of 8
neurasthenia 67, 93, 94, 95
New American Library (paperback publisher) 19
New Criticism 1, 48
New Journalism 57
New Woman 177, 179, 193
Sister Carrie 180
as threat to society 181–184
see also fallen women narratives; prosititution; women
New York Society for the Suppression of Vice xvi, 5, 139, 157, 196
New York Times, significance of the White City 162
Newspaper Days (TD) xvi, 163
and autobiography 40
journalistic attitudes 49
publication xvii, 8
renaming and republication xviii
serialization 19
World’s Columbian Exposition’s significance 161
Norris, Frank xiii, 7, 152
Oberholtzer, E. P., work used as source for The Trilogy of Desire 44
O’Neill, Eugene xix
Orvell, Miles 6, 9
paperbacks 18
Paramount Pictures xviii, xix
filming of TD’s novels 20
TD sues over filming of An American Tragedy 58
Park, Robert E. 184, 191
passing narratives 182
Paten, Simon, and materialism 86
Peiss, Kathy 193
Pennsylvania Edition xx, 1, 11, 28, 214
Petrey, Sandy, TD’s realism 52
Philadelphia city 117, 119, 124
photography, cultural standing 131–132
Pinkerton detectives 112, 122
Pittsburgh Dispatch 49
Pizer, Donald 30, 142
Pocket Books (paperback publisher) 19
Poirier, Richard, TD’s style contrasted with that of Henry James 59
politics and personality, TD’s fascination with 5, 7
poverty
attitudes towards 199, 211
TD’s concerns with 6
pregnancy 149
An American Tragedy 149, 152, 156
The “Genius” 149, 151
Jennie Gerhardt 149, 151
see also gender; women
professional authorship, Dreiser’s attitudes towards 15, 16–26
prostitution
threat arising from the unattached woman 183–184
see also New Woman
public libraries, establishment 138
publishers, TD’s attitudes towards 24–26, 28
Quakerism 42
race
race suicide 181
racial evolution, as illustrated at the World’s Columbian Exposition 162–163, 171
racial otherness 9
Sister Carrie 163, 175
see also ethnocentrism
rags-to-riches paradigm 56–58
Random House (publisher) 23, 26
realism
approaches to
dialectical approach to 50–51
journalistic approach to 47–50, 53
materialism and rarefaction 52–54
complex realism 10
and mysticism 51, 52
new realism, influence on biographical techniques in Sister Carrie 35–39
Rembrandt 139
reprinting practices 18–19
retailing
and modernity
in Sister Carrie 3, 89–91
see also mass production
Richardson, Samuel 178
Riggio, Thomas P. 6, 9, 56, 158
Riis, Jacob 83
Rinsen Book Co. (publisher) 28
Robbins, Bruce 6, 9
Rockefeller, John D. 3
Romero, Lora 100
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (President) xix, 211
Roosevelt, Theodore 205
Rosen, Ruth 178
Rosenberg, Charles 212
Rosenthal, Elias (New York attorney) 16
Ross, Edward Alsworth 181, 184, 193
Rotundo, Anthony 205, 206
Rowson, Susanna 178
Russia, TD visits xviii, 8
Salinger, J. D. 40
Santayana, George 50
Sartre, Jean-Paul 91
Scribners (publisher) 26, 28
self-interest 201
selflessness, TD’s concerns with 200–209
semi-welfare state 199, 211
sentimentality 10
in An American Tragedy 196, 197, 201, 210
in fiction 199, 211
sexuality
desire and materialism 93, 96
propriety and maintenance of appearances, in Jennie Gerhardt 73, 74
subjectivity 148, 158
sexually transmitted diseases, and concerns about women’s social role 180
Seyhan, Azade 56
Shakespeare, William 43, 46
Shaw, George Bernard 182
Sherman, Stuart P. 50, 56
Shinn, Earl 135
Shinn, Everett 98, 130
Simmel, George, urbanization and indifference 102
Simon and Schuster (publisher) xix, 24
Sinclair, Upton 151
Sing-Sing (Ossining State Prison) 196
Sister Carrie (TD) xvi, 10, 24, 151
authorial control 54
biographical improvisations 40
British publication 21
censorship difficulties 53
composition 17
and consumerism 3, 4
desire theme 66, 67
domestic alienation 100, 102, 103, 106, 107–108, 109
Dreiser Edition xx, 11
fallen woman narrative 4, 154
and materialism 9, 85, 86, 87, 92
mirror images 54
mysticism 52
new realism influences TD’s biographical techniques 35–39
paperback issue 19
plot xii
portrayal of masculinity 5, 144–146
publication and suppression 16, 26, 127, 128, 157
racial otherness 163, 175
racial unconsciousness 9
realism 48, 50
reflects economic cycle 49
reflects socialization process 185, 192, 194
reissue xiv
Robert Ames 52, 77, 78, 173, 190
sales of first edition 178, 192
and the significance of crime 197
social mobility theme 6
social respectability 74, 77
style 48, 59
Sven Hanson 66, 104, 165
theatricality 51
Thomas Hardy’s influence 52
and upward mobility 112
and urban alienation 102
virtue unrelated to reward 115
women’s portrayal 142–146
economic vulnerability 68
sociological understanding 177
unattached women 180, 184
working title “The Flesh and the Spirit” 2
writing and publication xiii, 7
see also Drouet, Charles; Hanson, Sven; Hurstwood, George; Meeber, Carrie
Sloan, John 130
Smiles, Samuel 32
Smith, Adam, on sympathy 200
Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll 179, 193
social control 181, 184
social Darwinism 10, 43, 44, 163, 199
social respectability
and desire theme 78
and maintenance of appearances 73, 78
in An American Tragedy 75, 77
in Sister Carrie 74, 77
see also upward mobility
social welfare 200, 211
socialization process, reflected in Sister Carrie 185, 192, 194
society, developments post-American Civil War 198–200, 211
sociology, and literature 184–185
Sonntag, William Louis (illustrator and painter; interviewee) 35, 130
speculation 115
Spencer, Herbert 163
Stearns, Peter N. 206
Stein, Gertrude 30
Stieglitz, Alfred 130, 131, 132
The Stoic (TD) xvii, xix, xx, 8, 11
Berenice Fleming 51
biographical techniques 33
mysticism 51
social mobility theme 6
sources 44
see also Cowperwood, Frank; The Trilogy of Desire
Stowe, Harriet Beecher 173, 209
Strychacz, Thomas 58
Stuart, Gilbert 140
success motif 33–34
Sullivan, Louis H. 88
Sun Dial Books (publisher) 19
Sundquist, Eric 164
sympathy 200–201, 203, 212
Tarde, M. Gabriel 194
Tatum, Anna (TD’s lover) xv, 42
Terre Haute, Indiana (TD’s birthplace) xi
theater
Carrie Meeber’s experience 172–173, 174
as communication 191
imitation 189, 194
stage adaptations 20
Thomas, W. I. 177–178, 179, 181, 184, 187, 193
Thompson, Dorothy xviii, 11
The Titan (TD) xv, 11
biographical techniques 33
desire theme 70
publication (1914) 8
sources 44
Stephanie Platow 135, 147, 148
women’s role 142, 147
see also Cowperwood, Frank; The Trilogy of Desire
Trachtenberg, Alan 185–186, 194
“The Transgressor” see Jennie Gerhardt
A Traveler at Forty (TD) xv
and autobiography 40
Marcelle Itain as model for Carrie Meeber 39
publication (1913) 8
serialization 19
women’s role 142
Trilling, Lionel
criticisms of TD 47, 48
TD’s control of the reader’s imagination 55
The Trilogy of Desire (TD) xv, 8, 11
artistic and commercial themes 127–128, 134
Berenice Fleming (Frank Cowperwood’s lover) 51, 149
biographical elements 42–45
fictional representation of economics 49
portrayal of masculinity 5, 147–148
portrayal of women 146, 149
rags-to-riches paradigm 56
see also Butler, Aileen; Butler, Edward Malia; Cowperwood, Frank; The Financier; The Stoic; The Titan
Twain, Mark 1, 30, 167, 169
Twentieth Century-Fox 20
unattached women see New Woman
upward mobility 112–113
and the accountable self 119, 122, 125
fault’s relationship with 115–119
and loyalty 113–115, 122
see also The Financier; social respectability
urbanization, and indifference 102–106
Veblen, Thorstein 3, 45, 66, 77, 115, 124
Veritas Press (publisher) xix
visual arts, TD’s use of biographical techniques when writing about 34
von Sternberg, Josef xviii
Wald, Priscilla 4, 9
Walker, Sallie (Paul Dresser’s girlfriend) xi
Warner, Susan 92
Warren, Kenneth 166
welfare state, development 119, 121
West III, James L. W. 6, 9
Wharton, Edith 20, 21, 26, 163, 189
Whipple, T. K. (reviewer) 2, 11
Whistler, James McNeill 140
White City 160–161, 162, 163, 174
see also World’s Columbian Exposition
Whitman, Walt 1, 30
Wilde, Oscar 41
William Heinemann (publisher) xiv
Williams, Raymond 103
Williams, William Carlos 2
Wilson, Edmund 23
Wilson, Sloan, and domestic alienation 109
Witemeyer, Hugh 51
Witla, Eugene Tennyson (in The “Genius”) 9, 98, 148
alienation 106
artistic and commercial experiences 127, 129, 131–134
artistic standing in contrast to preferences for European art 136
desire theme 63, 70
domestic alienation 100
masculinity 5
sexual desire and materialism 93–96
sexual propriety and maintenance of appearances 73
social respectability and maintenance of appearances 75
subservience to Angela Blue 151–152, 158
Wolfe, Thomas 26, 57
women
criminality 193
Frank Cowperwood’s attitudes towards as artistic objects 135, 140
portrayal 9, 142–143
Sister Carrie 68, 144, 146, 177, 180, 184
The Trilogy of Desire 142, 146, 149
power, A Gallery of Women 156
social role and sexually transmitted diseases 180
sociological understanding about, and Sister Carrie 177
TD’s relationships with 158
see also fallen women narratives; gender; New Woman; pregnancy
Woods Hole Biological Laboratory xviii
World’s Columbian Exposition 9, 31, 160–164
layout and racial significance 171
significance in Sister Carrie 165–166
see also White City
Wright, Richard 42
Yerkes, Charles Tyson 3, 33, 43–45, 68, 140
“yielding” 207–209
Zola, Émile 35, 53, 89