ABC weapons, 38
Abschöpfungsquellen. See information sources
Academy Institute for Cybernetics and Information Processing, 138
Academy of Sciences, 162, 205
Central Institute for Nuclear Research, 163, 306
Institute for Applied Radioactivity, 300
Institute for Radium Research and Nuclear Physics, 298
MfS partnership with, 163
Aciera milling machine, 166
“Action Boxer,” 27
Adlershof, 205
AEG/Telefunken, 9, 16, 18, 82, 85, 87, 89, 92, 135
AFOSI. See U.S. Air Force, Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI)
Agent Gorbachev, 4, 8–19, 87, 117
codename, origin of, 11–13
death of, 19
family, 14
medals, 14
motivation, 11
productivity, 18
semiconductor espionage, 18–19
agent(s)
agent technology, five main components of, 186
illegal, 35
MfS communication with, 188
motivation of, 87–9
money vs. ideology, 88
overrun agents, 275
prosecution of, 19
Scouts for Freedom, 88
agents, specific
“Acker,” 37, 82
“Ahrendt,” 83
“Alfons,” 176
“Alfred,” 82, 87, 89
“Alvar,” 117
“Angel,” 16
“Bach,” 312
“Bauer,” 82
“Bill,” 86, 117
“Birke,” 86
“Burmeister,” 128
“Charly,” 184
“Dora,” 83, 120
“Fellow,” 56
“Filter,” 87, 93
“Friese,” 83
“Froebel,” 35
“Gabi,” 56–7, 64
“Gärtner,” 54
“Georg,” 184
“German,” 86
“Günter,” 86–7, 91
“Gustav,” 86, 90
“Hannes,” 37
“Hauser,” 56, 189
“Hermann,” 131
agents, specific (cont.)
“Herzog,” 42
“Hilmar Kohl,” 91
“Ilona,” 84
“Irmgard Krüger,” 82
“Jack,” 44
“Joker,” 126
“Jonny and Cornelia,” 239
“Jürgen,” 87
“Kid,” 4, 37, 94–102
“Klaus,” 55, 248
“Koren/Karen,” 35
“Landgraf,” 131
“Leo,” 120, 129
“Litze,” 92
“Messing,” 135
“Nana,” 184
“Natur,” 83
“Norbert,” 138
“Optik,” 37, 95, 111
“Otto,” 87
“Paul,” 4, 37, 106, 108
“Petermann,” 82, 85
“Pfeiffer,” 82
“Protokoll,” 82
“Rabe,” 117
“Ramona,” 84
“Reiner Bergmann,” 239
“Reise,” 91
“Revisor,” 249
educational film about, 249
“Richter,” 313
“Ring,” 117
“Rode,” 86
“Roland,” 248
“Saale,” 122
“Schulze,” 82, 87, 88
“Seemann,” 120
“Sperber,” 56, 64
“Stein,” 86
“Sturm,” 117
“Test,” 83
“Tom,” 49
“Topas,” 80
“Traeger,” 33
“Wagner,” 56
“Weißkopf,” 90
“Wolga,” 33
“Zelter,” 83, 120, 126
“Zentrum,” 117
Aktuelle Kamera, 120
Alexanderplatz, 100, 112
Alltransistor, 136
Alwardt, Peter, 82, 89
See also agents, specific,“Alfred”
.American Microscience Company, 131
Ames, Aldrich, 87, 199
Ammer. See cameras, Soviet F 21
Andrew, Christopher, 166
ANT, 93
APN, 147
ARD, 248
Arnold, Gerhard, 56, 86, 117, 119
See also agents, specific, “Sturm”
.atomic bomb. See nuclear weapons
Atwood, James, 76
Auerbach, Thomas, 175
Augsburg, 99
ballistics, 161
Bamford, James, 104
Bayer, 91
Bearden, Milt, 75–7, 80
Bearers of Secrets, 139
Beater, Bruno, 266, 268, 300
BEKO, ix, 234, 235
Belorussia, 146
Berg, Wolfgang, 262
Berlin, 20, 48
Alexanderplatz, 161, 163
Andrews Barracks, 103
East Berlin, xiii, 8, 10–13, 16, 20, 41–3, 47, 61, 64, 66, 75–7, 91, 92, 97, 98, 100, 107, 112, 142, 159, 160, 163, 188, 189, 195, 240, 241, 245, 246, 248, 285, 296
Karl-Marx Alley, 163
Eberswalde Soviet airbase, 99
Freienwalderstrasse, 142
Friedrichshain, 100, 101
Friedrichstadtpalast, 168
Friedrichstrasse, 246
Genslerstrasse, 142
Grand Hotel, 246
Grunewald forest, 96
Hohenschönhausen, 142
Lichtenberg, 143
long-range radar, 99
Marienfelde, 96–7
Obersee, 142
as spy capital, 37–8
as spy city, 97
spy tunnel, 20
Technical University in, 83
Tempelhof Airport, 99
Unter den Linden, 246
West Berlin, 157, 237
Wilhelmshagen, 253
Wühlheide, 267
Berlin Wall, xiv, 2, 5, 8, 19, 24, 35, 47, 74, 77, 87, 89, 103, 110, 114, 124, 128, 134, 150, 162, 182, 192, 215, 226, 228, 237, 240, 245, 253, 267, 270, 272, 281, 292, 315
construction of, 147
Berliner Zeitung, 283
Berndt, Andreas, 87
Berning, Hans-Heinrich, 232
Bertag, Peter, 43
Betriebs-Berichterstattung. See company reporting
BfV. See FRG, Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
Biermann, Wolfgang, 122, 125, 126, 128, 138, 243, 292
Bilke, Paul, 25–8
BKA (Bundeskriminalamt). See FRG, Federal Criminal Office
Blaschke, Kurt, 92–3. See also agents, specific, “Litze”
Blayer, Günter, 89
BND, 43, 55, 59, 62, 72, 135, 136, 185, 199, 215, 240, 273, 276
Agent Broadcasting Service, 60, 61, 259
agents revealed, 221
Department 2, xi, 261
Department III, telecommunications and radio surveillance unit, 260
mobile observation groups, 264
Object “Torfmoos,” 273
Project “Stay-Behind,” 275
radio communications, 258
secret writing, 217
technology and research department, 260
Bond, James, vii, 1, 2, 4, 32, 72, 145, 167, 169, 174, 177, 185, 190, 312
Q, 145, 147, 150, 311
SMERSH, 175
Bonn, 38
Bonn secretaries
Gerda O., 189
Borge, Thomas, 172
Brandenburg Gate, 168
Brandt, Willy, 41
Brauner, Manfred, 290
British Ministry of Defense, 133, 312
Bruchhausen, Wener, 114
Bruno Leuschner nuclear power plant, 67
BStU, xiv, 77, 80, 113, 149, 175, 207, 235, 238, 301, 304–306, 317
Bulgaria
support of Cuba, 167
Bundeswehr
increase in signals intelligence, 261
Bush, George, 75
Butte, Klaus, 131
CAD/CAM, 92, 119, 138, 139
Cambridge Five, 87
cameras, 145, 155, 156, 167, 173
bra camera, 237
concealments, 156, 235–7
GSK, 233, 234
infrared camera, 155, 158
JEL, 248
“Jupiter,” 191
“Mars,” 191
Meise. See cameras, mikrat
microdot, 185
mikrat, 105, 146, 155, 182, 190, 192
brother organs’ use of, 191
Milox camera, 233
CAD/CAM (cont.)
Minox camera, 158, 179, 182, 190, 192–4, 233, 236
Pentacon, 248
Polaroid camera, 249
Praktika, 173, 248, 250
“Rigel,” 191, 192
Robot, 232, 234, 235
rollover camera, 105
Soviet F 21, 233, 235, 236
Soviet Kedr, 245
Soviet Nyrok, 245
Super-8, 105
Tessina, 232, 235, 239
tropically safe cameras, 169
“Uranus,” 191, 192
“Venus,” 191, 192
Yelka, 249
Yeschvka, 248
“Canna Clay.” See Severin, Manfred
Canopy Wing, 106
Carl Zeiss Jena, 33, 119, 122, 124, 126, 128, 135, 163, 169, 197, 225, 309
pen camera lens, 192
spy cameras, 191
Carney, Jeffrey, 37, 94–102, 111
See also agents, specific, “Kid”
.Air Force language school, 97
a.k.a. Karney, Jens, 100
capture of, 101
case officer betrayal of, 100–101
code-named “Kid,” 98
confession of, 101
in Cuba, 99–100
defection of, 99–100
at Goodfellow Air Force Base, 98
homosexuality, 98–100
initial material given to MfS, 98
kidnapping of, 94
life after prison, 101
luxury apartment in GDR, 100
in Marzahn, 100
MfS mistrust of, 100
new identity, 100
polygraph test, 99
post-defection life, 100
recruitment of, 98
return to Germany, 101
Castro, Fidel, 99
CIA thallium poisoning plot, 177
CDC, 118
Central Intelligence Agency. See CIA
chekist instrument, observation as, 228
Chelaplex, 205
chemical tracking substances, 297–8
BRD use of, 297
eosin, 297
FBI use of, 299
fluorescin, 297
fuchsin, 297
hydrazine sulfate, 311, 313
oxin, 298
rhodamine B, 297
silver nitrate, 297
chemical weapons, 36
China
espionage by, 2, 9
as target of GDR espionage, 38
CIA, xiii, xiv, 3, 4, 9, 11, 20, 35, 46, 48, 52, 55, 68, 71, 74, 87, 89, 90, 94, 95, 107, 108, 115, 124, 129, 135–7, 161, 170, 177, 199, 201, 203, 215, 222–4, 277
acquisition of MfS files, 77
“red folders,” 76
public awareness, 78
wiretap orders, 76
agent communication, 278–80
agents revealed, 221
criticism of BRD counterintelligence, 115
Directorate for Science and Technology, 145
in Indonesia, 221
LSD experiments, 314
Office of Technical Service (OTS), 145
radioactive tracking, 296
secret writing, 201–203, 217, 224
special forces, 176
System “Pyramid,” 278
Citizen’s Movement, xiv
“Cloud.” See Technical Operations Sector, Project “Cloud"
Coburger, Karli, 228
CoCom. See Coordinating Committee for East-West Trade
codes
one-time pad method, 194
commercial coordination. See KoKo
Committee for State Security. See KGB
Communist International (Comintern), 242
Communist International Training School, 146
company reporting, 23
computer industry
western, as target of MfS, 116
computer technology
East-bloc smuggling of, 115
computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacture. See CAD/CAM
contact people, 84
Coordinating Apparatus, 256–8
Coordinating Committee for East-West Trade, 23, 114, 137
counterculture, 244
Criminal Traces and Police Dogs, 294
Cuba, 99–100, 165, 166–71
cooperation with Bulgaria, 170
cooperation with GDR, 217, 278–80
document forgery, 168–9
electronics industry, 170
General Directorate for Technology (GDT), 167, 168
Havana Sea Wall, 168
Hotel Riviera, 168
information provided to GDR, 170
intelligence, western understimate of, 170
internal security, 171
Ministry of the Interior, 151, 168, 169, 278
passport forgery, 169
refugee spies, 171
retro-reflection foils, 169
signals intelligence
Operation “Royal Palm,” 278–80
Tropicana, 168
cybernetics, 163
Cyron, Peter Oswald, 79, 86. See also agents, specific, “Rode”
Czechoslovakia, 215
support of Cuba, 167
use of scent differentiation, 291
Data Production Modules (DPM), 131
dead drops, 104, 187, 239–40
dead letter boxes, 187, 188, 204, 237, 239, 285
dead letter drops, 240
DEC, 85, 87, 119, 136, 138
computers, GDR cloning of, 119–21
microchip graffiti message, 121
PDP 11/44, xiv, 120
VAX, 83
VAX 11/750, xiv, 139
VAX 11/780, xiv, 119, 120, 139
VAX 750, 85, 138
VAX 780, 86–7, 138
VAX 782, 86, 136
Defense AG, 83
Defense Intelligence Agency. See DIA
Department of Defense. See United States, DoD
Department XV. See HV A
Der Bundesbeauftragter für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen DDR. See BStU
Derda, W., 286, 289
DIA, 111, 161
Dialectics without Dogma, 243
Diebold, 118
European research program, 118
Digital Equipment Corporation. See DEC
DNA, 286
Dobbertin, Rolf, 56. See also agents, specific, “Sperber”
dogs
German shepherd, 282
guard dogs, 283
malinois shepherd, 282
dogs (cont.)
scent tracking dogs, 283–5
sensitivity of sense of smell, 282
Dölling, Peter, 83, 120. See also agents, specific, “Dora”
Dörrenberg, Dirk, 77
DOS, 117, 119
Dresden Institute for Computers, 119, 124
Dresdner Bank, 34, 49
dual-use technology, 23
East Berlin. See Berlin, East Berlin
East German Communist Party. See SED
East German Data Processing and Business Machines Company, 118
East Research Institutes, 45
Eaton, 128–30
Ebert Foundation, 57
economic espionage, 39, 43
Eichner, Klaus, 103
electronic intelligence. See signals intelligence
electronic warfare, 37, 268
Elfinger, 143
Emde, Heiner, 101, 110
Engberding, Rainer, 80
Erfurt
semiconductor factories in, 119
Erzgebirge, 150
European Union, 84
Fahey, John A., 241
false-flag operations, 11, 45, 88, 103
FBI, 3, 35, 36, 108, 146, 161
crime lab, 161
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), 162
uncovers Nazi spy ring, 255
Federal Bureau of Investigation. See FBI
Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the Former GDR. See BStU
Federal Criminal Office. See FRG, Federal Criminal Office
Federal Republic of Germany. See FRG
Feuerstein, Dieter, 48, 49, 82, 85, 89, 197. See also agents, specific, “Petermann”
Fiedler, Siegfried, 172, 176
Field Station Berlin. See NSA, Field Station Berlin, Teufelsberg
fingerprints, 292
GDR automated fingerprint analysis program (AIDA), 162
Fischer, Benjamin, 254
Fischer, Peter. See Stiller, Werner
five-year plan, 39, 114
Fleming, Ian, 1, 145, 175, 244
Foreign Counterintelligence Activity (FCA), 107
Foreign Trade Company, 134
Foreign Trade Electronics Company, 122, 123, 135
Fort Leavenworth, 95–7, 103
Foucault, Michel, 226
Franke, Gerhard, 32
Frankfurt an der Oder
semiconductor factories in, 119
Fraunhofer Institute, 128
Free Youth Movement, 157
Freienwalderstrasse, 143
Frenzel, Alfred, 190
FRG
air force, 184
printing office, 182
army, 182
Federal Criminal Office, xv, 136, 192, 195, 197, 201
evidence collection, 179–82
Staatsschutz, 107
Federal Criminal Police, 212
Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, 48, 63, 101, 136
signals intelligence, 260
Ministry of Defense, 184
Ministry of the Interior, 44
Radio Surveillance Service, 260
as target of East Bloc technology espionage, 115
use of tracing substances, 297
Friedman, William Frederick, 213
Friedrichstrasse, 8, 12, 15, 16, 27, 62, 63, 66, 98
front firms, 43, 47
Frucht, Adolf Henning, xiii
Fuchs, Jürgen, 243, 313
Fülle, Reiner, 55, 56
See also agents, specific, “Klaus”
.Gast, Gabriele, 68, 185, 190, 199–201, 210, 213, 223
conviction, 201
MfS “engagement party” for, 200
GDR
authority of the plan, 159
Banner der Arbeit, 121
Chemapol, 205
Code of Criminal Procedure of the, 240
collapse of, 158
computer industry, 116
hard disks, 131
Object Coat of Arms, 130
computer revolution
failure of, 139
crackdown on defectors, 160
Criminal Technology Institute (KTI), 161, 162, 232
customs, 161
diplomatic recognition of, 159
embassies, 90
Foreign Political Intelligence Service, 3
German People’s Police Criminal Technical Institute, 226
illegal attempt at contact, 248
internal security and surveillance, 309
photographic methods, 225–52
microelectronics
cooperation with Japanese corporations, 116
destruction of GDR Toshiba mask sets, 125
importation of complete factory, 123
lack of equipment, 123
one-megabit chip, 115, 116, 125, 126
Toshiba, 123–5
256 K RAM, 122, 125
ZBA, 1, 123
microelectronics program, spending, 121
Ministry of Interior, 255
National People’s Army (NVA)
Administration for Reconnaissance, 268
obsession with computer technology, 140
Palace of the Republic, 168
people’s revolt, 191, 255
Post Office and Telecommunications Ministry school, 150
Secretary of State for Foreign Trade, 112
semiconductor industry, 123
crystal making machinery, 127
ion implanter, 127, 128, 130
ion implanter fiasco, 130
plasma etchers, 127, 128
Program “Maximum Integration,” 121
wafer steppers, 127
surveillance state, 226, 227
technology transfer, as easy money, 127
travel cadre, 37, 91, 132
U.S. embassy, 33
in Vienna, 42
Wandlitz, 251
GDR Chemical Lab Company, 205
Gehlen Organization, 260
German Communist Party (KPD), 146
German Democratic Republic. See GDR
Germany. See also FRG; GDR
unification of, xiii
Gerson, Günter, 86. See also agents, specific, “German”
Gersten, Frank, 184
Geruchskonserven. See odorology, smell conserves
Geruchspuren. See odorology, smell traces
Gietl, Gottfried, 131
Girod, Hans, 292
Gladitz, Dieter, 86
Glienicke Brücke, xiii, 37
Glocke, Karl-Heinz, 67
Gorbachev. See Agent Gorbachev
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 125
Gottfried, Harald, 54, 146
See also agents, specific, “Gärtner”
.Gregor, Fritz, 279
Grossmann, Werner, 46, 74, 76, 101, 263
Grote, Konrad, 35–6
See also agents, specific, “Koren/Karen”
.GRU, 136
Guantánamo. See U.S. Navy, in Guantánamo
Guillaume, Günter, 41, 184
Gutschmidt, Annemarie, 56. See also agents, specific, “Gabi”
Gysi, Gregor, 101
Haack, Peter, 176–7
Haedicke, Lothar, 136
Hall, James W., 37, 95–7, 104, 111.
See also agents, specific, “Paul”
arrest of, 109
assignment to Fort Stewart G-2, 104
attends warrant officer training school, 104
betrayal of, 107–108
child’s illness, 104
code names (“Paul” and “Ronny”), 103
confession, 108–109
court martial, 109
exposure of Project Trojan, 104
family expenses, 102
handlers revealed, 103
information provided by, 107
KGB handling of, 104
marriage to Heidi, 102
medal from GDR, 103
moonlighting for KGB, 104
NSA debrief of, 109
payments for espionage, 107
polygraph, 104
preliminary file “Devil,” 103
prison sentence, 95
sting operation, 108
surveillance of, 108
use of clandestine containers, 105
use of GDR safe houses, 103
volume of classified material divulged, 105
Hall, James W., 36
Hallstein Doctrine, 35
Hamburg Electricity Works, 67
Hanssen, Robert, 110
Harz mountains
Brocken Mountain, 269
signals intelligence operations in, 269
Hauffe, Karl, 56. See also agents, specific, “Fellow”
Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung. See HVA
Havemann, Robert, 242–3
Hemmann, Rainer, 76
Hentschke, Herbert, Colonel, 147–50
Hering, Fritz, 189
Hermann, Harry, 28
Herrington, Stuart A., Colonel, 102, 108
High Temperature Reactor Building (HRB), 42
High-Tech Espionage, 114
Hillenmaier, Claus, 151
Hillig, Rolf, 125, 311
Hoechst, 91
Hohenschönhausen complex, 169, 225
Holle, Wolfgang. See also agents, specific, “Hilmar Kohl,” 91
Honecker, Erich, 32, 121, 122, 138, 263
microelectronics obsession, 115, 116, 122, 125
honey traps, 244
Honeywell, 136
Hong Kong, 114
Hotel Adria, 10
Humboldt University, 107, 151, 177, 217, 228, 242, 300
Hungary
use of scent differentiation, 291
HV A, 9, 15, 17, 18, 22, 24, 37, 38, 41, 43, 47, 54, 55, 66, 74, 76, 78, 83–93, 98, 100, 101, 113, 130, 131, 132, 155, 184, 186, 189, 191, 195, 196, 200, 204, 213, 250, 251, 263, 266, 270, 273–5, 277, 317
agent card files, 74
KGB possession of, 74, 76
Department VI, 157
Department VIII, 157
Department IX, 250
safe houses, 250–2
IBM, 33, 83, 85, 87, 114, 117, 118, 136, 138
computers, GDR cloning of, 116–19
European headquarters, 117
IBM 41, 117
GDR duplication of, 19, 116
IBM Roece Inc., 47
IBM Stuttgart, 56, 119
I.G. Farben, 30
IG Metal Labor Union, 92
IM, 10, 55, 65, 132, 139, 242
See also agents, specific
.“Blitz,” 103, 106
“Messing,” 120
“Rhein,” 130
“Rosemarie,” 55
“Saale,” 120
“Secretary,” 55
security IMs, 84
“Sturm,” 56
industrial espionage, 9
Industrial Representative GmbH, 46
information sources, 84
Institute for Radio Technology, 272
Intel, 119
inter-hotels, 246
Newa, 245
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 35
Interport GmbH, 46, 47, 131
Intertechna GmbH, 46
Interver International Representative GmbH, 47
Intrac, 47
invisible ink, 15, 145, 156, 200
See also secret writing
.Israel
espionage targeting U.S., 99
Jantsch, Karl, 307
Japan, 159
Jauck, Gerhard, 32, 35
Jehovah’s Witnesses, MfS persecution of, 225
Jork, Uli, 293
K computer 171–3
DEC clone, 120
K-5, 3
Karl Marx City, 199
Karlshorst, 21, 24, 74, 77
Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center, 33, 55, 56
Karney, Jens. See Carney, Jeffrey
Kauther, Hans, 120.
See also agents, specific, “Seemann”
Kempe, Volker, 138
See also agents, specific, “Norbert”
.and “Medusa” software, 138
worked for SWT, 138
KfS. See KGB
KGB, 1, 2, 3, 9, 11, 19, 21, 23, 24, 34, 48, 49, 56, 74, 76–8, 87, 89, 90, 93, 94, 97, 103, 104, 106–108, 110, 117, 136, 164, 168, 177, 199, 244
and Cuba, 166
Directorate T, 21, 37
F 21 camera, 233
handling of Hall, James W., 104
Moscow school, 175
radioactive tracking, 296, 297, 310
metka, 297
secret writing, 202
KGB (cont.)
spy cameras, 192
use of criminalistics, 226
Khokhlov, Nicholai
MfS assassination of, 177
Kibolac, 42, 43
kidnapping, 20, 175
Kilfit, Heinz, 232
Kinkel, Klaus, 264, 273
Kleine, Alfred, 115, 134, 313
Klusac, Norbert, 273
Koch, Willy, 134
Koch, Wolfgang, 103
Kohl, Helmut, 115, 136, 262
illegal campaign financing, 262
Köhler, Peter, 82, 88, 126
See also agents, specific, “Schulze”
.KoKo, 46, 47, 113, 121, 122, 129, 130, 132
Combine for Microelectronics, 127
trade division, 127
Koppe, Johannes, 67
Kransberg Castle, 260
Kratsch, Günter, 70
Kraus, Gotthold, 21
Kriminalistik, 297
Krohe, Richard, 37. See also agents, specific, “Acker”
Kroß, Herbert, 59
KTI. See GDR, Criminal Technology Institute (KTI)
Kummer, Rolf, 203
Kupfer, Dietrich, 120, 135
Kuron, Klaus, 11, 68, 196, 251
Lang, Horst, 87, 93
See also agents, specific, “Filter”
.laser technology, 33, 55, 135
le Carré, John, 2, 38
Lehe, Achim, 35
Lehman, Ralph Dieter, 98
Lehmann, Erich, 14
Leinfelder, Dr. Gabriele. See Gast, Gabriele
Leningrad State University, 311
Leonhard F, 133
Leopard 1 main battle tank, vii, 18, 19
Leopard 2 main battle tank, xi, 34
Leuteritz, Franz, 300–301
Leybold, 91, 127
sales to Iraq, 127
sales to Lybia, 127
Leybold-Heraus. See Leybold
Limbach, Paul, 101, 110
Litvinenko, Alexander, 314
Livingston, Robert Gerald, 76
Llewelyn, Desmond, 150
Lucona, 42
Ludwig, Manfred, 309
Lummer, Heinrich, 245
Lüneburg, Sonja, 180
Lustig, Monica, 245
Lutze, Lothar, 41, 184
See also agents, specific, “Charly”
.Lutze, Renate, 41, 185. See also agents, specific, “Nana”
Lylac, 42
Magdelena Street, 42
Männchen, Horst, 111, 154, 253–4, 268, 270, 272, 278–80
dismissed from MfS, 266
joins HV A, 266
joins MfS, 266
reinstated to MfS, 266
Marconi, Guglielmo, 254
MARISAT satellite, 278
Marschall, Bernd, 291–2
Max Planck Institutes, 85
Mehnert, Klaus, 199
Meister, the, 102–103
See also agents, specific, “Tom”
.Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB), 33, 34, 48, 82, 84, 85, 196, 264–5
metka, 297
Mexico City, 99
MfS. See Ministry for State Security
MI, xiii, 77, 133
MICE model, 88
microdot process, 15, 190
Mielke, Erich, 3, 10, 14, 18, 38, 39, 55, 64, 68, 106, 121, 135, 147, 157, 172–4, 185, 278, 300, 309
migration agents, 24, 37, 54, 55, 67, 81, 86, 87, 90, 91, 185, 196
mikrat. See cameras, mikrat
Military Liaison Missions, 237, 240–2, 285
confiscated cameras, 241
military technology, 38
Ministry for Chemistry, 40
Ministry for Economics, 49
Ministry for Electronics, 40, 116, 119, 120, 122, 130, 139
Ministry for Foreign Trade, 46, 120, 122
Ministry for Heavy Industry, 21
Ministry for Higher Education, 86
Ministry for Machine Building, 10, 11, 40
Ministry for Microelectronics, 122
Ministry for Post Telecommunications, 150
Ministry for Science and Technology, 28, 35, 36, 42, 56, 57, 267
Ministry for State Security, xiv, 1
“Action World Stature,” 118
agent card files, 78
microfilming of, 78
agent data sheets, 78
agents, technical training of, 185
agents for the future, 145
archives, 8, 9, 47–8
destruction of, 48, 74–5
border control, 172
brother organs, 148, 151, 215
Bruno Beater School, 262
code of ethics, 26, 58, 150, 157, 266
codes, 194–5
codes and ciphers department, 274
cooperation with Cuba, 278–80
counterintelligence, 203, 239–40
“Eagle Flight” technique, 61
crime lab, 161–2
criminalistic photography, 227
Department III, 16, 110, 267
Department V, 24, 28, 32
Department VIII, 213, 228, 266, 303, 308
Department IX, 161, 228
Department XVIII, 16, 17, 33, 121, 132, 134, 164
electronic industry and, 117
Department XX, 289
Department 26
and Vietnam, 165
Department F, 255, 261, 267
expansion of, 267
Department K, 146
Department of Investigations, 203
Department S, 146
dissidents, 242–4
surveillance of, 239
dogs, 283–5
electronic intelligence. See signals intelligence
embassies, surveillance of, 240
emphasis on human intelligence, 254
evaluation department, 17
fingerprint collection, 152
forged documents, 142
Hohenschönhausen campus, 48, 145
Hohenschönhausen prison, 95, 142
hotel surveillance, 244–7
Grand Hotel, 246–7
HV A. See HV A
Imbiss, 20
income generated by, 134
Institute for Technical Developments, 256, 270, 271
Institute for Technical Research, 164
instructors, 91–2
internal security and surveillance, xiv, 3, 4, 74, 132–3, 138, 156, 158, 177, 213, 239, 309
emergence of a security state, 160
increase in, 160
technology in, 147
Konspiration, 147
lack of concealment designers, 235
Law School, 147, 151, 203, 228, 239, 290
Managua outpost, 172
microelectronics advice to Central Committee, 116
Ministry for State Security (cont.)
Microelectronics Program, 116
microelectronics unit, 112
Minister’s Working Group/S, 173, 178
active measures, 175
Einsaztgruppen, similarity to, 175
explosive technology, 174
kidnapping, 175
service area 2 (DB2), xi, 174
Soviet training of, 175
special weapons technology, 174
training, 175–6
Nicaragua
photography lab, 173
solidarity present, 173
support of, 172
Normannenstrasse complex, 20–2, 75, 143
North Berlin campus, 203
observation complex. See BEKO
observation department, 229
observation report, 228
observation teams, 160
observer groups, 239
OibE, 152, 163, 164, 256
Operation “Action Banner,” 160
Operation “Bermuda,” 310
Operation “Meadow,” 237
“Operation Scorpion,” 176
Operation II, 313
operational (OV) file, 132
operational person control (OPK) file, 132
parabolic satellite dish, 280
personnel selection criteria, 40
physical security arrangements, 55
poisoning of Wolfgang Welsch, 177
Project “Access,” 274
Project “Protection,” 274
Project “West Investigations,” 273
prostitutes, use of, 244–5
radioactive tracking. See radioactive tracking
recruiter, 91
reparations, 134
safe houses, 249–52
scientific-technical evaluation working group, 25–31
scouts for peace, 197
searches
educational film, 249
photographic record, 247–8
secret photography
training in, 229
secret writing, 194–5
Sector for Scientific-Technical Intelligence (Aufklärung), 32
secure communication of data, 179–97
signals intelligence. See signals intelligence
skinheads, observation of, 244
smell. See odorology
smuggling of VAX11/780, xiv, 120
source protection, 28
Soviet influence, 228
spy handlers, 89–93
surveillance vehicles, 229
SWT. See SWT
Technical Operations Sector. See Technical Operations Sector
unit for chemical expertise, 203
Vienna Residency, 90
Wartin secret installation, 175
X-rays, use of, 303
Ministry for the Interior
Central Dog School, 282, 283, 286, 289
Department for Innovations, 287
school, 157
Ministry of Science, 35
Ministry of Trade, 35
Minox camera. See cameras, Minox
Mischnowski, Helga, 64
missiles, 38
guided anti-ship missiles, 33
Mitrokhin, Vasili, 77
Mitsui. See Toshiba
Mittag, Günter, 120, 138
Montage-Design-Studio, 92
Mossad, 94
Müller, Gerhard, 87, 157, 160, 188, 189
Müller, Horst, 42, 43, 47, 121, 138
Müller, Richard “Megabucks,” 114, 136
Munich criminal police, 298
Murk, Renate, 214
Musalik, Frank, 85
Natho, Holger, 232
National Security Agency. See NSA
National SIGINT Requirements List (NSRL), 105–106
NATO, 38, 182, 184
Nauen, Cornelia, 84
See also agents, specific, “Ramona”
.Neiber, Lieutenant General, 110
Nendel, Karl, 122
Neues Deutschland, 120
Neumann, Willi, 24, 32, 40, 43, 82
New Germany, 122
New York Times, 80, 114, 297
Nicaragua, 165, 171–3
document forgery, 172
as East bloc espionage base, 172
General Directorate for State Security, 172
prison, 173
Managua airport security, 172
MfS-supplied surveillance systems, 172–3
“Object H,” 173
“Object M,” 172
“Object R,” 173
revolution, 172
Nolan, H. O., 213
Nötzold, Peter, 55
NSA, 9, 94–6, 99
Allied communication publication, 104
Field Station Berlin, Teufelsberg, 96–7, 102, 104, 110, 277
British and French presence, 96
GDR signals intelligence, 98
intelligence community wish list, 105
locations, 104
Marienfelde, 96–7, 99, 110
National SIGINT Requirements List (NSRL), 105–106
as undisputed leader in electronic intelligence, 261
nuclear power, 33, 39, 42, 67
GDR reactor, 163, 306
nuclear weapons, 21, 33, 38, 47, 56
Object 0030. See GDR, computer industry, Object Coat of Arms
OCOM Trade AG, 130
odorology, 285–92, 295
application of, 292–4
BRD application of, 295
capture and storage of scents, 285–91
capturing smell, 291
collecting chair, 287
Dutch application of, 295
scent differentiation, 289–94, 312
scent perfumes, 285
smell conserves, 281, 286
smell traces, 286
use against dissidents, 293
Office for Atomic Research and Technology, 25
Office for National Security, 48
Office for Technology, 25
officers on a special mission (OibE). See Ministry for State Security, OibE
“Operation Exodus,” 46, 114, 140
Operation “Pipe,” 128
“Operation Registration,” 41, 184
“Operation II,” 133
Osram, 23
OTS. See Technical Operations Sector
Pape, Erich, Major, 8, 13
Paproth, Wilhelm, 86
Pellegrin, Yvon, 129
Pelton, Robert, 99
Pentacon, 163, 165, 233
HFK, 234
Praktica, 233
people-smugglers, 241–2
Phantom fighter aircraft, 39
Physical Society, 33, 53
plastic
nylon, 42
polyester, 39
polyurethane, 29–31, 39
plutonium, 39
Pneudl, Karl-Heinz, 42, 43
Politburo. See SED, Central Committee
political-ideological diversion, 220
Pollard, Jonathan Jay, 99
Poole, Lynn, 299
Praeger, Gerhard, 86
Prague Spring, 38, 72, 158
Preuß, Gisela, 182
Preuß, Joachim, 182
Price, Derek de Solla, 148
Prinzipalov, Alexander, 76, 77
Productronica, 312
Project RYAN, 38
Project Trojan, 104
Proksch, Udo, 42
Putin, Vladimir, 48–50, 89
Puzzle Palace, The, 104
Q. See Bond, James, Q
Quick, 110, 264
R computer, 34–7, 115
radioactive isotopes
availability of, 307
barium, 296
detectors, 306
gold, 298
poisoning with, 314
polonium-210, 314
production, 162
scandium-46, 301, 303, 307, 309
silver-110, 303
radioactive tracking, 145, 166, 217, 296–315
BRD use of, 298
British use of, 298
of diplomats, 308–309
of dissidents, 313–14
FBI use of, 299
money, 298, 299, 309
needles, 307
NYPD use of, 299
safety, 315
lack of MfS health concern, 298, 303, 308
MfS personnel, 307
tracked subjects, 307
securing secrets, 309–310
tire marking gun, 303, 308
Rau, Susanne, 245
Reagan, Ronald, 36, 46, 114, 140
Regenhardt, Helmut, 179–82, 196
Rehder, Hans. See Agent Gorbachev
Reif, Wolfgang, 221–3
BND recruitment of, 222
CIA recruitment of, 221
CIA training in secret writing, 222
MfS capture of, 222
MfS suspicion of, 222
Reimann, Wolfgang, 164
RFT, 163
Dresden, 162
Rier, Bernd, 239
Robotron, VEB Kombinat, 47, 87, 116, 119, 120, 126, 131, 133
reverse engineering of computers, 117
Rodig, Lutz, 86
Rogalla, Jürgen, 48
Rohde & Schwarz, 259
Rolph, David, 76, 77
Romeo spies, 41, 57, 84, 244
Rompe, Robert, 23, 53, 55, 56
Ronai, Ernst, 298
Ronneberger, Gerhardt, 120, 122, 132, 134, 136
memoirs, 122
vehicular manslaughter, 122
Rösener, Klaus, 121, 131
Rosenholz files, 35, 50, 81, 85
CIA return of, 80
identification of agents, 81–5
identification of targeted companies, 85–7
Rossendorf, 163
Rotsch, Manfred, 85
Round Table, 48
Rudolf Sacher Inc., 42
Rupp, Rainer, 80
Ruß, Thomas, 83
Russians Are Coming, The, 50
Sabisch, Christa, 311
Sacher, Rudolf, 42, 43
Samsung, 123
Sänger, G., 56
Schalck-Golodkowski, Alexander, 40, 46, 112, 113, 116, 120–3, 126, 129, 131, 132, 134, 251
Scheele, Werner, 130
Schlaff, Martin, 131
Schlobohm, Eckhard, 86, 91
Schmidt, Fredo, 294
Schmidt, Günter, ix, 147, 149, 150–2, 160, 162, 177
in Cuba, 166, 168
as head of Technical Operations Sector, 150
medals and awards, 151
promotion to major general, 151
socialist ideals, 151–2
Schneeberg, 102
Schneider, Karl Heinz, 199
Schoab, Michael, 37. See also agents, specific, “Hannes”
Schock, Erich, 298
Scholz, Albert and Dietmar, 136
Schröder, Major, 65
Schürer, Siegfried, 128
Schütt, Harry, 115
Science, the Super Sleuth, 299
scientific-technical revolution, 22
secret writing, 156, 162, 171, 224
BND prewritten letters, 222
cerium process, 205–208
compound method, 210
contact principle, 200
detection of, 202, 213–21
automated mail processing, 218–21
Nyom machine, 215–16
Postal Search Office, 214–17
radioactive methods, 217
direct vs. transfer method, 200
dry method, 202
duplication of MfS recipes, 205–208
Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA), 216
as evidence against spies, 212
MfS discovery of BND method, 217
MfS electronic database, 205
MfS evaluation of, 211–12
MfS regulations covering, 211
MfS shellac recipe, 210
MfS trust of agents with, 211–12
organic fluids, 202
paper, chemically impregnated, 194
pH of ink, 208
phenolphthalein, 204
preventing detection, 214
recipes, 204–11
roll method, 209
secrecy of MfS recipes, 205
sympathetic inks, 202
technological alternatives, 223
wet method, 201, 209
Sector for Science and Technology. See SWT
SED, 157, 225, 289
Central Committee, 10, 115, 116, 122, 127
Xth Party Congress, 115
XIth Party Congress, 115, 138, 237
SEL, 85, 87
Semicon, 313
semiconductor industry, 19
Severin, Manfred, 107
as courier for James W. Hall, 107
exilftration of, 108
Sherwood, Henry, 118
Siemens, 47, 56, 83, 85–7, 90, 91, 119, 138, 139, 272
SIGINT. See signals intelligence
signals intelligence, 17, 105, 111, 184, 255–80
See also GDR, National People’s Army (NVA), Administration for Reconnaissance; NSA
access to western security databases, 274
signals intelligence (cont.)
against foreign spy agencies, 273–6
antiquated abilities, 258
Biesenthal satellite facility, 278
British Observation Services, 275
Brocken Mountain, 269–70
Bundeswehr, 261
burst transmissions, 258
Cuban operations, 265
Czech listening post, 268
Gosen, 257
Hohen-Luckow, 257
inferiority of GDR telecom industry, 271
Lauf an der Pegnitz, 260
merger with radio intelligence gathering, 257
mobile technology, 258
monitoring of BRD telephone signals, 271
Operation “Royal Palm,” 278–80
“Oprah material,” 265
Program “Mineral,” 257
Project “Charly,” 275
Project “Pamjat,” 258
Project “Saphir A/2,” 272
Project “Swesda,” 258
radio direction finding stations, 257
radio surveillance stations, 257
“Rubin” listening post, 273
Soviet facility in Lourdes, Cuba, 166
stationary technology, 257
“granit,” 258
Steering 1 station, 275
Südlabor GmbH, 260
support of espionage, 274
tapping of BRD fiber-optic line, 272–3
“Urian,” 270
U.S. activity against allies, 105
Vericrypt, deciphering of, 275
in the West, 259–62
western communication with agents, 256–7
western intelligence officers, as targets, 264
western politicians, as targets, 262–4
western technological superiority, 258–9
western underestimation of, 253
Silicon Valley, 42, 57, 114
Simonis, Wendelin, 131
SIRA, 85
See System for Information, Research and Evaluation
.smell. See odorology
Sorge, Richard, 89, 262
South Africa, 114
Soviet companies. See VEB
Soviet Union, xi, 2, 10, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 33, 34, 36–9, 46, 56, 59, 71, 77, 93, 98, 110, 114, 116, 117, 119, 120, 124, 135–7, 146, 165, 167, 175, 218, 234, 240, 254, 256, 277, 278, 285
airborne troops school, 175
as advisors to GDR, 187
codes and ciphers group, 274
Communist Party School, 147
cooperation limited by military-strategic considerations, 116
Cuba, support of, 166, 169, 278
electronics industry, failure of, 114
embassy in U.S., 110
ESER, 117
F 21 camera, 232
foreign intelligence, 50
GDR sharing of information with, 118
GDR sharing of SIGINT, 275
GDR trade interests, 115
Group of Soviet Forces in Germany, 241
high opinion of MfS special radio services, 265
importation of VAX 782, 86, 136
limiting of satellite country capabilities, 167
microelectronics assistance, 123
Nicaragua, support of, 171–3
Project “Pamjat,” 258
Project “Swesda,” 258
Rjasan, 175
Ryad-1 IBM clone, 117
secret writing detection technology, 221
trade with Leybold, 127
use of scent differentiation, 291
Special Access Program, 102
spy bridge. See Glienicke Brücke
spy gear
concealments, 154. See also Technical Operations Sector, Department SF
containers, 105, 146, 155, 159, 179–84, 188–90
See also Technical Operations Sector, Department SF
.X-ray safe, 161, 189
radio transmitters, 155
radios, 152
Stabi. See West Berlin library
Standard Electric Lorenz. See SEL
Stanford University, 36
Starfighter aircraft, 39
Stasi. See Ministry for State Security
Stasi File Authority, 90
Stasi Mosque, 269
Steger, Otfried, 116
Stern, 248
Stickel, Peter, 82. See also agents, specific, “Pfeiffer”
Stiller, Werner, 4, 15, 17, 33, 41, 43, 82, 119, 137, 217, 222, 259, 318
absentia death sentence, 68
agents exposed by, 67
agents run by, 55–7
a.k.a. Fischer, Peter, 52
bona fides with BND, 61
and case officer “Ritter,” 59
communication with BND, 59–60
courier, 68–9
death threats, 71
debriefing of, 65–6
escape, 61–4
last-minute change of plans, 62–3
file name “Bristle,” 60
file name “Jackal,” 67
first marriage, 53
fourth marriage, 71
Goldman Sachs, 69, 71
dismissal from, 71
Horst Vogel’s opinion of, 70
initial training and career, 54
and Lehman brothers, 69, 71
Markus Wolf’s opinion of, 70
memoirs, 72–3, 189
MfS reaction to defection of, 64–5
MfS suspicions of, 60–1
motivation, 71–2
move to Hungary, 71
move to U.S., 68
parting shot at MfS, 62–3
post-defection life, 71
public return to Germany, 69
real estate business in Leipzig, 71
relationship with Helga Mischnowski, 64, 65
safe house “Fortress,” 57, 59, 60
second marriage, 53
third marriage, 69, 71
travels, 57
Vienna residency, 57, 131
at Washington University, St. Louis, 68
wife’s reaction to defection, 65
Stöckert, Siegfried, 120, 129
Straub, Katherina, 84
See also agents, specific, “Ilona”
.Streubel, Christian, 37, 43, 54, 56
submarine propellers, 124
surveillance cameras, 225–52
destruction of, 225
Sweeder, Ryan, 204, 208
SWT, 4, 20–50, 74, 84, 85, 114, 132, 272
acquisition of military technology, 38–9
basic research
U.S. division, 92
computer companies, targeting of, 87
computer technology, 140
Department V, 131
SWT (cont.)
Department XIII, 32
American operations, 33
Department XIV, 32, 33
Department XIV/2, 92
Department XV, 32, 33, 48, 80
Department for Capitalist Industrial Nations, 36
Department for Rocket Science and Technology, 49
economic impact, 29
grading of scientific information, 29
Microelectronics Program, 47
one-megabit chip, 126
recruiters, 92
semiconductor industry, 39
ion implanter, 40, 83, 130
special acquisitions (SBO), 127, 130
technology acquisition methods, 115
Vienna residency, 131
women, 84–5
Working Group 1, 34–7, 49
Working Group 3, 37, 92
Working Group 4, 37
Working Group 5, 37
working groups, 34–7
System for Information, Research and Evaluation, 81
TBKs. See dead drops
Technical Operations Sector, 4, 135, 145, 169, 178, 203, 270
agreement with Central Institute for Nuclear Research, 306
Area E, 154
Area G, 154
brother organs, 164–5
camera development, 233
cooperation with civilian scientific institutions, 148
cooperation with VEBs, 162–4
and Cuba
document forgery, 168–9
information from, 170
limiting of capabilities, 168
payment to GDR, 169
support of, 166–71
Department AB, 152
Department E, 147, 152, 155, 161, 188, 204, 213
containers, 188–90
passport forgery, 158
radio channels, 158
Section I (radios and electronics), 158
Section II (containers and locks), 158
Section III (documents), 158
Section IV (cameras, secret writing, and marking material), 158
Department F, 150, 152
Department K, 150
Department N, 156
Department RZ, 152
Department S, 150
Department SF, 154
Department ZB, 152
Department 26, 2, 303
Department 31, 3, 146, 152, 154
Department 32, 3, 146, 152, 162, 300
Department 33, 3, 146, 152, 154
Department 34, 3, 152, 203, 300, 303, 308
Department 35, 3, 152, 168
Department 36, 3, 152
domestic espionage, 155, 160
forgery, 145, 154, 155, 157, 168
passports and retro-reflection foils, 169
U.S. visas, 170
Group C, 152
Institute for Technical Analysis, 152
long-term planning, 148, 152, 158, 159
mail opening department, 213–21
and Nicaragua, 171–3
Pentacon and, 163
polygraphy, 154, 168
Postal Search Office, 214–17
Project “Cloud,” 296, 309, 310
radio counterintelligence, 156
scent research, 285
secret writing, 202–204
support of domestic espionage, 147
Technical Research Unit, 227
technicians, 154, 157–61
and Vietnam, 165–6
voice recognition, 270
wiretaps, 156
Telefunken, 9, 82, 85
Tempelhof Airport, 101
Teske, Werner, 43–6
Teufelsberg. See NSA, Field Station Berlin, Teufelsberg
Texas Instruments, 82, 85, 87, 119, 126, 136
TH-Aachen, 85
thallium poisoning, 176–7
TH-Berlin, 85
Third Party Conference, 25
Thräne, Walter, 15, 16, 26–8
defection of, 26
Thüringen, 131
Tiedge, Hans-Joachim, 68, 71, 99, 250–1
defection of, 275
Tornado fighter, 34
torpedoes, 18, 89
Toshiba, 123, 138
destruction of GDR mask sets, 125
end of relationship with GDR, 124–5
Soviet Union, sale of milling technology to, 124
TOXDAT database, 177
Trabant, 174
trade embargo, 23, 46, 114, 116, 122, 126, 159
Tryhorn, F. G., 298
Tuck, Jay, 114, 137
Turkey
American radar in, 18
intelligence, 103
Tyroller, Arthur, 27, 28
Ulbricht, Walter, 32, 117, 148, 241
and plastic couch, 31
Unified System of Electronic Computing Technology (ESER). See Soviet Union, ESER
United Kingdom
Forensic Science Laboratory at Harrogate, 298
United States
Department of Energy, 105
DoD, 36, 99
military intelligence, 111
State Department, 105
University of Southern California, 36
University of Vienna, 298
unofficial staff member. See IM
U.S. Air Force, 96, 111
Electronic Security Command, 96
intelligence, 111
Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI), 95, 101
operation plans in West Germany, 98
Security Service, 96
service school, 99
6912th Electronic Security Group, 96, 99, 100
handbook, 98
U.S. Army, 37, 96, 111, 118
Counterintelligence Corps, 10, 107, 260
department for ciphers and codes, 213
Department for Ciphers at Riverbank Laboratories, 213
Fifth Corps
302nd Military Intelligence Battalion, 104
Intelligence and Security Command, 111
U.S. Marine Corps, 111
U.S. Military Liaison Mission, 241
U.S. National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), 201
U.S. Navy, 111
in Guantánamo, 279
U.S. Signals Intelligence directives, 99
Varian, 128, 129
VEB, 162
VEB Combine Pentacon. See Pentacon
VEB for Radio and Television. See RFT
Vericrypt, 274
Viehmann, Adolf, 150
Vienna, 47
high-tech suburb, 131
Vietnam, North, 151, 165–6, 215
listening devices provided to, 165
security services, 166
technical services department (H 18), xv, 165
Vogel, Horst, 32, 40–1, 46, 58, 62, 74–5, 115, 128
von Raussendorff, Klaus, 88
Vreisleben, Detlev, 234
Vulcan Affair, 21
Walker, John, 87, 99, 110, 111
Wall Street Journal, 114
Warnig, Mathias, 50
Warsaw Pact, 32, 124, 133, 275, 277
Washington Post, The, 74, 80
Washington University, St. Louis, 51
“Weapon.” See Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center
weapons of mass destruction, 105
Webster, William, 75
Wehrmacht, 21, 260
Weiberg, Heinrich, 20–22, 24, 32, 38, 40, 54
Weigelt, Frank, 48, 80
Wein, Rudi, 43
Weizenbaum, Heinz, 118
Weizenbaum, Joseph, 118
Welsch, Wolfgang, 177
thallium poisoning of, 176–7
Wenzel, Arthur, 114, 134, 135
arrest of, 112
Arthur the Angel, 122
suicide of, 112
West Berlin. See Berlin, West Berlin
West Berlin library, 82
West Germany. See FRG
White House, 105
Wieck, Hans-Georg, 273
Wiegand, Ranier, 76
Wiegel, Jürgen, 184
Winberg, A. I., 285, 286
wish list, 17, 21
Wittig, Manfred, 91
Witzel, Werner, 32
Wolf, Markus, 3, 21, 22, 30, 33, 35, 39, 41, 46, 48, 57, 64, 66, 74, 75, 81, 99, 100, 105, 110, 116, 117, 155, 199, 251, 262, 266, 277, 325
Cuba visit, 166
identification of, 66
Wollarz, Werner, 284
Wollweber, Ernst, 10
Wörner, Manfred, 263
Yildirim, Huseyin, 102–103, 108
arrest of, 109, 110
in Florida, 104
Zabel, Hans-Joachim, 35, 36
Zagreb, 131
Zaid, Mark S., 201
Zehe, Alfred, 36–7
Zehlendorf, 103
Zeiss Ikon, 143
Zentronik Sömmerda, VEB Kombinat, 47
Zuchold, Klaus, 48–9