Abatur, 65
Abbāsid(s), xxii, 8, 29, 40, 47, 57, 60, 76, 89, 93–6, 98, 101, 106, 107, 111, 113, 116
Abd al-Malik, 41
‘Abd al-Qays, 71, 72
Abraham, 112
Abu Bakr, 63, 66, 80, 103
Abu Ja’far al-Mansūr, 13, 38, 57, 76, 98, 101
Abu Karib, 29, 85
Abu al-Khattāb, 61, 80, 113, 114
Abu Mikhnaf, 12
Abu ‘Ubayd al-Thaqafī, 19
Adam, 102, 112
Ahl-i-Haqq, xv, 108, 134, 139
Ahmadinejad, Mahmud, 138, 140
Akhavi, Shahrough, xiii
Akhbāri, 12
Alawis, xv, 108, 134
Alevis, 139
Algar, Hamid, xiii
‘Alī, xxi, 2, 3, 9, 10, 12–16, 20–2, 24, 25, 28, 32, 38, 42, 48, 63, 65–7, 78, 79, 81, 85, 86, 89, 118, 131, 136
‘Alid(s), xx, xxiv, 48, 56, 57, 60, 70, 74, 79, 136, 140
alphabet, Arabic (Hurūf ), 61, 69, 119, 120
alphabet, Greek, 61
al-A’ma, 52
amān, 92
‘Amil, 98
Amīr-Moezzi, Mohammad Alī, xxi, 49
Amman, 29
Anabaptists, 58, 68
al-Ansāri, Abdullah ibn Yazīd, 20
antinomian(s), 114, 124, 139
antinomianism, xviii, 35, 124
Anu, 84
apocalyptic, 123
Apostolic Fathers, 14
Arab(s), xxiv, 1, 3–7, 10, 11, 16, 17, 21, 23, 26, 31, 34, 37, 53, 55, 72, 103, 107, 117, 126, 128–31
Arabia, 45, 73
Arabism, 74
Aramaean people, xxiv, 37, 55, 77, 126, 130
Aramaic, 128
Arjomand, Said, xiii, xviii, 117
Ark of the Covenant, 25
Armenia, 45
‘asabiyya, 2
al-Ash’ari, 62, 65, 76
al-Ash’ari al-Qummi, 71, 100, 102
al-Ash’ath ibn Qays, 74
Ashrāf, 7
Astarābād, 118
al-Awar al-Hajari, Bakr, 57
Ayatollah Khomeini, 134, 135
‘Ayn Warda, 20
Azāriqa, 71
Azerbaijan, 119
Bābak, 112
Bābi, 41
Badā’, 27, 30
Badr Brigade, 140
Baghdad, 60
al-Baghdādī, 10, 75, 80, 100, 101, 103
Bahrayn, 73, 115, 117
Bajīla, 22, 37, 53, 55, 72, 74, 75, 132
Bakr ibn Wā’il, 73, 113
Bantu, 87
Banu As’ad, 113
Banu Hamdān, 11, 22, 25, 26
Banu Kinda, 22, 37, 55, 72–4, 131, 132
Banu Nahd, 22, 25, 34, 37
Baptist, 60, 113
al-Baqlī, 96
Basilides, 14
Basra, 3, 6, 7, 23
Battle of the Bridge, 19
Bausani, Alessandro, xiii
bayān, 43
Bayāniyya, xvi, 18, 29, 34, 38, 39, 42, 47–50, 107, 120, 122, 124, 125
Bazīghiyya, 114
Benard, Cheryl, 134
Bohemia, 56, 75
Brazil, 39
Brazilian people, 98
Buddhist people, 30, 103, 113
Cahen, Claude, 72
Caucasus, 90
Central Asia, 103
charisma, 124
charismatic leader, 140
Charlemagne, 125
chiliastic movements, 120, 132, 133, 135, 139
China, 136
Christ, 14, 15, 85, 126
Christian religion, 14, 58, 80, 84, 109, 111
Christianity, 11, 17, 72, 73, 84
Cohn, Norman, xvii, 82, 104, 115, 133
Companions, 12
Constantine the Great, 45
Corbin, Henri, xiii
Count Emmerich of Leiningen, 125
Creator of the World, 65
Crone, Patricia, 2, 50
Dabbat al-Ard, 16, 50
Daftary, Farhad, xiv, 80
da’i, 114, 115
Damascus, 1, 4, 5, 8, 88, 98
Day of Judgment, 16
Dener, H., 58
al-Dhahabi, 42
Dhu al-Janāhayn, 101
Dhu Nuwās, 11
Dhu Qār, 73
Divine Wisdom, 39
Docetism, 14, 18, 58
Drummer of Niklashausen, 54
Druze, xv, 108, 110, 139
Dusentschur, 59
East African people, 10
East Asia, 136
Eastern Christendom, 45
Egypt, 7, 73, 131
Egyptian religion, 46
Ensi, 84
Ethiopia, 11
Etna, 104
Euphrates, 63, 64
Europe, 25, 71, 81, 125, 133
Falasha, 10, 11, 17
Fārs, 93
Fatima, 49, 81
Fiji, 78
Fischer, Michael, xiii
Fishbein, Michael, 19
Frederick II, 104
Free Spirit, 81, 115
French Revolution, 134
Friedlaender, Israel, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, 24, 26, 62, 101
Gabriel, 24, 67, 85
Gabrieli, Francesco, 55
Germany, 54, 68
Ghayba, 18
Ghulāt, xv, xxi, xxiii, xxiv, 13, 14, 108–10, 113, 119, 138, 139
Ghuluw, 110
Ghurābiyya, 67, 85
Gnosis/Gnostic(s), xxii, 41, 44, 58, 65, 66, 69, 79, 116, 119, 136
Gnosticism, 35, 52, 109
Goldziher, Ignaz, 1, 53, 81, 83
Great Lur, 98
Greatest Name of God, 36, 45–7, 58, 62, 67, 109
Guillaume, Alfred, 45
Hadith, 12, 54, 57
Halm, Heinz, xiv, xix, xx, xxii, 10, 110
Hamas, 140
Hamdān, A’sha, 72
Hamdani, Abbas, xiv
Harbiyya, 98–101
Hārithiyya, 105, 106
Harūra, 23
Hashim(ite), 48, 91, 92, 95, 104, 105
Hashimiyya, 49
Herāt, 94
al-Himyari, 78, 80, 101
Hinds, Martin, 50
Hindu(ism), 30, 103, 113
Hishām (ibn Abd al-Malik), 132
Hizballah, 138–40
Hizbiyya, 101
Hodgson, Marshall G. S., xxiv, 49, 110, 137
Holland, 54, 59, 68
Hulūl, 102, 114, 139
Humayma, 29, 40
Hūr al-‘Īn, 105
Hurūfi(yya), 61, 110, 118–20
al-Husayn, 20, 21, 27, 28, 32, 42, 74, 79, 97, 114, 136
Hussite, 68
Ibāha, 139
Ibn Abd Allāh ibn Hasan ibn Hasan, Muhammad, 38, 57, 79, 125
Ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz, Shayban, 98
Ibn Abdallāh ibn Hasan, Ibrahīm, 57
Ibn Abdallāh al-Qāsri, Khālid, 6, 7, 13, 36, 37, 53–5, 132
Ibn Abī Bakr, Muhammad, 131
Ibn Abī Mansūr, al-Husayn, 76
Ibn Abī Sufyān, Mu’āwiya, 1, 3, 7, 19, 74, 80, 131
Ibn Abī Tālib, Ja’far, 89, 94, 101
Ibn Abīhī, Ziyād, 5
Ibn Abjar ibn Bujayr, Hajjar, 73
Ibn Abu Muhammad (Astarābādi), Fadl Allāh, 118–20
Ibn ‘Adi, al-Haytham, 12
Ibn ‘Adi, Hujr, 74
Ibn ‘A’idh, Bahayr, 73
Ibn ‘Alī, al-Hasan, xxii, 110, 117, 118
Ibn ‘Alī, ‘Isa, 98
Ibn ‘Alī, Muhammad, 29
Ibn ‘Alī, Zayd, 97
Ibn ‘Amr ibn Harb, Abdallah, 28, 29, 105
Ibn Aqīl, Muslim, 20, 74
Ibn al-Ash’ath, Abd al-Rahmān, 4, 6, 18, 74, 131
Ibn al-Athīr, 42, 95, 97
Ibn Dubāra, ‘Amir, 94, 95
Ibn Fāhd al-Hillī, Ahmad, 117
Ibn Falāh, Sayyid Muhammad, 117, 118
Ibn al-Faqīh al-Hamadhāni, 79
Ibn Hājar al-‘Asqalānī, 66
Ibn al-Hakam, Awāna, 12
Ibn al-Hakam, Marwān, 90
Ibn Hamza, ‘Umāra, 96
Ibn al-Hanafiyya, Muhammad, 20, 23, 24, 27–32, 35, 38, 42, 58, 60, 67, 79, 102, 104
Ibn Harb al-Kindi, Abd Allāh ibn ‘Amr, 100
Ibn al-Harīth, Abd Allāh, 105
Ibn al-Haytham al-Khuzā’i, Abu Nasr Mālik, 94, 95
Ibn Hazm, xxiii, 36, 82
Ibn Hishām ibn ‘Abd al-Malik, Sulaymān, 99
Ibn Inaba, 94
Ibn Ismā’īl Ibn Ja’far, Muhammad, 115
Ibn Kathīr, 55
Ibn Khadij or Khudayj, Mu’awiya, 131
Ibn al-Khattāb, ‘Umar, 15, 63, 66, 74, 80, 103
Ibn Mālik al-Ashtar, Ibrahīm, 21, 22
Ibn Mas’ūd, Sa’d, 19
Ibn Mirdās al-Bāriqi, Surāqa, 26
Ibn Mu’āwiya, Abdallāh, xv, xvi, xix, 18, 32, 39, 88–108, 112, 118, 122, 124, 125, 127
Ibn Mudrik, Salik, 105
Ibn al-Muhāllab, Yazīd, 25, 74, 131
Ibn Muhammad, Marwān, 90, 93, 96, 98, 99, 106
Ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, Abu Hāshim, 28, 29, 32, 35, 38–40, 42, 48, 79, 100, 104, 105, 125
Ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya, ‘Alī, 28
Ibn Mūsa, ‘Isa, 113
Ibn Mutī al-Qarāshi, Abdallāh, 21
Ibn Muzāhim, Nasr, 12
Ibn al-Nadīm, 45, 111
Ibn al-Nahhār Ibn Hanzala, ‘Utayba, 73
Ibn Nawf, Abdallāh, 27
Ibn Nawfal, 55
Ibn Numayr, al-Husayn, 131
Ibn Qutayba, 47, 52, 68, 72
Ibn Rusta, 68
Ibn Saba’, Abdallāh, xix, 9–18, 24, 26, 48, 58, 66, 68, 85
Ibn Sa‘īd, al-Mughira, xv, xvi, xix, xxii, 6, 18, 22, 28, 31, 36–8, 44, 47, 52–7, 59–70, 73, 79, 80, 89, 101, 117–20, 123, 125, 130, 131
Ibn Sam‘ān, Bayān, xv, xvi, xix, 6, 22, 29–32, 34–52, 54, 55, 57, 67, 79, 89, 119, 125
Ibn Suhayl ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Marwān, ‘Umar, 99
Ibn Surad, Sulaymān, 20
Ibn Suwayd al-‘Ādawi, Ishāq, 16
Ibn Tha’laba Ibn Sayyār, Hanzala, 73
Ibn Tufayl, 25
Ibn ‘Umar, Sayf, 12
Ibn ‘Umar, Yūsuf, 7, 13, 72
Ibn ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Azīz, Abd Allāh, 90–2, 97
Ibn ‘Umāra, Hamza, 35
Ibn ‘Umāra al-Barbari, Hamza, 30, 49, 79, 100
Ibn Walīd I, Ibrahīm, 90
Ibn Yūsuf, al-Hajjāj, 4, 6
Ibn Zayd ibn Hārith al-Ansāri, Ishāq, 105
Ibn Ziyād, Ubaydallah, 20, 22
Ibn al-Zubayr, Abdallāh, 20, 23, 28, 131
Ibn al-Zubayr, Mus’āb, 23, 27
Idhāj, 98
al-Ījī, 42, 101
‘Ijl, 37, 53, 55, 71–3, 79, 131, 132
al-‘Ijlī, Abu Mansūr, xv, xvi, xix, 7, 22, 28, 31, 32, 50, 56, 68–73, 75–87, 98, 103, 112, 119, 124, 125, 131
Imām(s), xxi, 28, 31, 32, 35, 40, 42, 48–50, 54, 57, 59, 76, 79, 80, 84, 100, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 113–15, 119, 124, 139
Imāmate, 20, 23, 27, 28, 38–40, 48, 57, 59, 76, 77, 105, 114
Imāmiyya, 113
Incarnate God, 38
Incarnation, 14, 38, 39, 42, 108, 109, 118
India, 103
Iqbal, Abbas, 77
‘Iqd al-Farīd, 68
Iran, xiv, xxii, 7, 41, 51, 61, 117, 118, 135, 139, 140
Iranian people, xiii, 111, 113, 118, 128, 138, 139
Iranian Revolution, xiv, 11, 134, 135
Iranian Revolutionary Guard, 140
Iranian Shi’ism, xv
Iraq, xiv, xx, xxiv, 1–8, 12, 23, 29, 34, 36, 37, 41, 46, 51, 53–6, 60, 65, 72, 74, 77, 92, 111, 115, 126, 128, 132, 138–40
Iraqi(s), 1, 4, 5, 8, 29, 37, 74, 86, 131, 132, 139, 140
Isāwites, 41
Isfahān, 93, 104
al-Isfahāni, 90
al-Isfarā’īni, 42, 83
Ishaq the Turk, 111
Islam, xviii, xx, 41, 44, 67, 71, 73, 74, 82, 86, 114, 120, 129, 130, 136, 137
Islamic Jihad
Islamic religion, xv–xvii, xix, xxi–xxiii, 1, 2, 17, 24, 36, 37, 39–42, 45–8, 50, 65, 69–71, 73–5, 79, 83, 86, 88, 109, 116, 126, 127, 131, 137–40
Islamic Republic of Iran, 135, 138
Islamist movements, 140
Ismā’īli(s), xiv, 43, 49, 69, 81, 83, 87, 109, 110, 115
Ismā‘īlism, xiv
Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 139
Israelites, 25
Istakhr, 73, 93
Italy, 104
Ja’far al-Sādiq, 54, 57, 113, 114
Jafri, S. H. M., xx, 104
Jāhiz, 15, 75
Jahshiyāri, 98
Janāhiyya, xvi, 18, 48, 88, 96, 97, 99, 101–7, 111–13, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 127, 130
Jesus, 14, 15, 41, 79, 80, 83, 112
Jew, 10, 26
Jewish religion, xxi, 11, 17, 46, 109, 126
Jibāl, 93
al-Jilāni, ‘Abd al-Qādir, 85, 103
Jizya, 4
Joachimite Spirituals, 35
John of Leiden, 54, 58
Judaism, 11, 26, 46
al-Ju’fi, Jābir, 56, 57
Jwaideh, Wadie, 73
Ka’b al-Ahbār, 17
Kāhin, 24
Kaisān abu ‘Amr, 27, 31
Kaisāniyya, xix, xx, 8, 19, 23, 24, 27–32, 39, 107
Kalb, 99
Kalīma, 83, 84
Karibiyya, 30, 35, 58
Kashshi, 53, 77
Khalilzad, Zalmay, 134
Khārif, 22, 25
Khārijites, 3, 7, 8, 83, 93, 98
Khashabiyya, 28, 29, 32, 82, 114
Khattābiyya, 48, 49, 80, 110, 113–15
Khāzir, Battle of, 22, 23, 28
Khurasān, 29, 45, 94, 96, 107
al-Khurasānī, Abu Muslim, 88, 94–6, 107, 111, 112
Khurasānians, 95
Khurramite, xxii, xxiii, 99, 111
Khuzistān, 93, 117
King Arthur, 104
King of Darkness, 64
King of Light, 60
Kirmān, 93
al-Kirmāni, Abd al-Wāhid ibn Ahmad, 32, 42, 69, 76, 77, 85
Kisf(iyya), 77
Kitāb al-Aghāni, 57
Kitāb al-Ma’ārif, 68
Kitāb al-‘Uyūn wa al-Hadā’iq fi Akhbār al-Haqā’iq, 36
Kūfa, 1, 3, 4, 7, 17, 19–25, 34, 39, 60, 72–5, 90–2, 97, 110, 113, 126, 127, 132
Kūfan(s), 91, 92, 110, 113–19
Kuthayyir, 30
Lahāzim, 73
Lanternari, Vittorio, 133
Laoust, Henri, xx
Lebanon, xiv, 138, 139
Levi della Vida, G., 10, 11
Logos, 44, 62, 84
Madā’in, 13, 17
al-Madā’ini, 16
Madelung, Wilferd, xiv, 115
Madhār, Battle of, 22, 23, 27
Madhūr ibn ‘Adi, 73
al-Mahdi, Abbāsid caliph, 76
Mahdi Army, 139, 140
Mahdis(m), xiii, xxi, 17–19, 23, 26–8, 30, 32, 33, 35, 39, 57, 59, 60, 76, 78, 80, 82, 104, 115, 118, 121–3, 125, 134, 140
al-Malati, 56, 85
al-Ma’mūn, 47, 112
Mandaean(s), 60, 63–5, 69, 109, 126
Mani, 40
Manichaeans, 15, 40, 41, 63, 69, 79, 109, 113, 126
Mansūriyya, xvi, 7, 18, 33, 48, 71, 72, 75–7, 80–5, 103, 110, 113–17, 122–4, 131
Maqām, 58
Maqrīzi, 42
Marcion(ites), 45
Marcion of Sinope, 44, 45
Marcos the Gnostic, 61, 62
Marwānid, 7
Marwānids, 132
Mary, 14
Mawla, Mawālī, xxiv, 2–4, 6, 8, 21, 22, 27, 31, 37, 53, 55, 72, 75, 93, 97, 109, 113, 126–30
Mawla ‘Alī, 118
Maye Hiware, 64
Maye Siyawe, 64
Mazdakian(s), 46, 99
Mazdakism, 113
Mazzaoui, Michal, xiii
Mecca, 28, 58
Medina, 30, 100, 101
Merkaba, 46
Mesopotamia(n), 20, 21, 28, 65, 84, 99
messiah, 16, 24, 26, 39, 41, 111, 125
messianic, 17, 23, 26, 32, 39, 58, 98, 107, 111, 115, 119, 125, 127, 139
messianism, 124, 139
millenarian(s), xvii–xix, 35, 54, 58, 59, 70, 75, 82, 97, 104, 107, 114–16, 118, 120, 121, 123–7, 130, 132–6, 139–41
millenarism, xvii, 78, 82, 118, 121, 127, 129, 133, 134, 136, 137, 139
millenialism, 137
millennium, 82, 124
Modarresi, Hossein, xiv, xxii
Momen, Moojan, xiv, xxi
Monophysite(ism), 11, 17
Morony, Michael, xxiv
Moscati, Sabatino, xxiii, xxiv, 10, 29, 95
Moses, 15, 80, 112
Mosul, 98
Mt. Hajīr, 58
Mt. Radwa, 30, 58
Mu’āmmariyya, 114
al-Mubārrad, 55
Mudār, 91, 132
Mughīriyya, xvi, 18, 33, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 67, 68, 70, 75, 76, 101, 111, 117, 118, 122–5, 127, 130, 131, 139
Muhallabid, 5
Muhammad, 15, 41, 50, 62, 63, 65–7, 74, 79–82, 84, 86, 91, 94, 96, 102, 107, 112, 114
Muhammad al-Bāqir, 40, 54, 57, 59, 76–9, 105, 114
Muhammadiyya, 58
Mühlmann, Wilhelm, 121
al-Mukhtār, xix, xx, 19–27, 31, 32, 34, 35, 39, 49, 56, 60, 62, 74, 75, 79, 82, 114, 126, 131, 136
Müntzer, Thomas, 54
al-Muqanna’, 111, 112
Musha’sha’, 117, 118
Musha’sha’iyya, 110, 117, 118
Muslim(s), xv, xvii, xviii, xxiii, 1, 4, 9, 15, 16, 23, 47, 48, 61, 73, 74, 83, 103, 106, 107, 126, 128, 129, 131, 134
Muslim Arab, 11
Mut’ā, Battle of, 101
Mu’tāsim, 112
al-Mutawwākil, 47
Mu’tazilite, 47
Nabataean, 128, 129
al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, 38, 57–9, 68, 70, 76–8, 100, 111, 122, 125, 127
Nasrallah, Hasan, 140
Nawbākhtī, 39, 66, 71, 77, 85, 105
Nestorian Christianity, 11
New Testament, 14
Nizārī(s), xiv, 70, 71, 83, 87, 110
Noah, 112
Nöldeke, Theodor, 96
North Arabs or Qaysite(s), 2, 74, 91, 96, 99, 131, 132
Nusayris, xv, xix, 108, 134
Old Testament, 45
Palestine, 29
Persia, 6, 41, 45, 46, 91, 93, 98, 112
Persian(s), 17, 37, 46, 55, 73, 77, 92, 97, 99, 103, 110, 111, 113, 119, 126, 130
Persianized, 73
Poonawala, Ismail, xiv
pre-Millennialist, 122
Ptahil, 65
al-Qādī, Wadād, xx, xxi, 19
Qādi al-Nu’mān, 114
al-Qaeda, 140
Qahtān, 18
al-Qahtānī, 18
Qarmāt, Hamdān, 115
Qarmatiān, 110, 115–17
Qūmis, 93
Qumm, 93
Qur’ān, Qur’ānic, 15, 41, 43, 44, 47, 49, 62, 63, 66, 77, 78, 81–3, 85, 86, 103, 109, 116
Quraysh, 79
Qurayshite, 79
Ra, 46
Rabi’a, 2, 73, 91, 92, 97, 132
Raj’a, 17, 18, 30, 48, 57
Rajkowski, W. W., xx, 105
Ra’s al-‘Ayn, 20
Rāwandiyya, 13, 48, 108, 110
Rayy, 111
al-Rāzī, Fakhr al-Dīn, 103
al-Rāzī, Murtada, 36
Rāzin, 55
Reformation, xvii
Rekaya, Mohamed, 111
Richard, Yann, xiv
Ridda wars, 74, 131
Rukn, 58
Russian Revolution, 134
Saba’iyya, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15–18, 24, 26, 30, 48, 68, 85
Sachedina, Abd al-Azīz, xiii, xxi, 126
Sadighi, G. H., 99, 112
al-Sadr, Muqtada, 139
Safavid, 117, 139
al-Saffāh, 98
Sahāba, 102
saj’, 24
Salvationist sects, 127
Sana’, 11
Saoshyant, 17
Sasanid, 46
Satan, 63, 66
Saturninus, 14, 65
saviour, 104
Sawād, 7
Sawād al-Kūfa, 71
al-Sayyid al-Himyārī, 30
SCIRI, 140
sect(s), 101, 126, 129, 132
Shaban, M. A., 1, 2, 74
Shah, 134
Shahrastānī, 27, 31, 42, 46–8, 65, 72, 81, 99, 105
Shākir, 22, 25
al-Shar’a, 29
Sharh Nāhj al-Balāgha, 67
Shem-ha-Mephorash, 46
Shī’a, 10, 16, 18, 20, 27, 29, 80, 81, 84, 86, 110
Shibām, 22, 25
Shī’ism, xiv, xv, xvii, xx, xxi, xxiv, 4, 14, 18, 31, 49, 66, 69, 71, 86, 110, 126, 137
Shī’ite(s), xiii, xv, xvi, xviii, xix, xxi–xxv, 3, 7, 9, 13, 19, 24, 27, 31, 32, 35, 39, 43, 47–52, 54, 57, 58, 60, 61, 65, 67, 69, 75, 78, 79, 81, 86, 88, 89, 91, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 117–19, 122, 124, 126, 132, 134–40
Shī’ite Islam, xiii, xv
Shī’ite Rijāl, xxii, 38
Shirāz, 93
Sibylline, 104
Sicilians, 104
Sicily, 104
Simon of Cyrene, 15
Sīstān, 94
Sleeping Emperor, 104
South Africa, 86
South Arabs or Yamani(s), 2, 7, 11, 17, 18, 22, 25, 26, 34, 74, 92, 131, 132
Sūfi(s), xvi, xxv, 110, 116, 118
Sufism, 49, 61, 110
Sulaymān (caliph), 29
Sumeria(ns), 64
Sunni, xvi, 14, 47
Sunnism, 48
Supreme Wisdom, 61
Syria, xv, xix, 7, 45, 50, 73, 99, 139
Syriac, 72, 77
Syrian, 4–6, 99, 131, 134
Tabarī, 12, 15, 19, 27, 36, 53, 55, 97
Taborite, 56, 75
Tabrīz, 119
Tafwīd, 65, 66
Taipeng, 136
Tāj, 60, 62
Takim, L. N., xxii
Talmon, Yonina, 121
Tamīmī, 12
al-Tamīmī, Bayān
tanāsūkh, 30, 100, 139
Tawwabūn, 20
Tayyār, 101
Tayyāriyya, 101
Traditions, 12
Turkey, 139
Twelfth Imām, 135, 139
Twelver Shi’ism, xiii, xiv, 139
Twelver, xxii, 110, 117, 118
Ubadia Isa al-Isfahani, Ishāq ben Yaqub, 41
Umayyad, xv, xxi, xxiv, 1–8, 20, 22, 28, 31, 32, 36, 37, 39, 50–2, 54, 55, 72, 74, 86, 88–91, 93, 95–9, 102, 106, 107, 120, 124, 129–32
United States, 135
‘Uthmān, 7, 9, 12, 66, 80
Valentinians, 14
Venus, 45
Waines, David, 116
Walker, Paul, xiv
Wasserstrom, Steven, xxi
Watt, W. Montgomery, xx, xxiv, 84
Wellhausen, Julius, 1, 4, 55, 99
Worsley, Peter, 121
al-Wusafā’, 56
Yaman, 10, 11, 17, 26
al-Yamānī, Abu Hurayra, 18
Yamanite, 2, 17, 92
Yazīd, 131
Yazīd III, 90
Zaydiyya, 92, 97
Zayn al-‘Abidīn, ‘Alī ibn Husayn, 79
zindīq, 96, 97
Zoroastrian(ism), 17, 113, 126
Zubayrid, 20, 21, 28