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9780521876483 - The Idea of Indonesia - A History - by R. E. Elson
Frontmatter/Prelims


The Idea of Indonesia

Indonesia the nation-state is a miraculous and unlikely construction. At first sight, the material for national unity could not be more unpromising: Indonesia’s history is marred by deep and often bloody internal disputation based on ideology, ethnicity, religion and region. Yet Indonesia, as concept and as nation-state, endures and is perhaps beginning once again to thrive. R. E. Elson, one of the leading figures in the field, seeks to discover the origins of the idea of Indonesia in the mid-nineteenth century and explores its often vexed and troubled trajectory through to the present time. He examines why Indonesia exists, against the odds, as a nation-state, and in what different forms it has existed, seeking to explain the nation’s character as it has struggled for unity and purpose. The analysis provides a chronological narrative which examines Indonesian politics, its political elites and their relationship with the Indonesian people.

R. E. ELSON is Professor of Southeast Asian History at the School of History, Philosophy, Religion and Classics, The University of Queensland, Australia. He has written extensively on the modern history of Indonesia and Southeast Asia and his previous publications include Suharto: A Political Biography (2001) and The End of the Peasantry in Southeast Asia: A Social and Economic History of Peasant Livelihood, 1800–1990s (1997).


The Idea of Indonesia:
A History

R. E. Elson


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© R. E. Elson 2008

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no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2008

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
Elson, R. E. (Robert Edward), 1947–
The Idea of Indonesia : a history / R. E. Elson.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-521-87648-3
1. Indonesia – Politics and government. 2. Nationalism – Indonesia – History. I. Title.
DS638.E57 2008
959.8–dc22
2007052171

ISBN 978-0-521-87648-3 hardback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or
accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to
in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such
websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.


For Rosemary Robson-McKillop
dear friend, generous host and kind support over so many years


Contents

List of illustrationspage viii
Glossary and abbreviationsx
Short biographies of key figuresxvi
Prefacexxiii
1The origins of the idea of Indonesia1
2The new idea: elaboration and contestation44
3The construction of Indonesia98
4Indonesia in practice149
5Rediscovering Indonesia199
6Integralist Indonesia239
7Towards a modest Indonesia280
Conclusion315
Bibliography324
Index355

Illustrations

1Earl’s use of the term ‘Indu-nesians’, 1850. Source: Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia 4 (1850).page 6
2G. A. Wilken. Source: Ossenbruggen, De verspreide geschriften.12
3Reading Bintang Hindia. Source: Bintang Hindia.18
4Suwardi Suryaningrat, E. F. E. Douwes Dekker and Cipto Mangunkusumo, c. 1912. Source: Hollandsche Revue.24
5Noto Suroto. Source: Bandera Wolanda.30
6The first issue of Hindia Poetra, 1916. Source: Hindia Poetra, 1 March 1916.36
7The Indië Weerbaar delegation received by the Indische Vereeniging in The Hague, 14 April 1917. Source: Hindia Poetra.42
8Tan Malaka. Source: Tan Malaka, Dari pendjara ke pendjara.49
9Cornelis van Vollenhoven. Source: KITLV.55
10Hendrikus Colijn. Source: Library of Congress.61
11Indonesische Vereeniging leaders, 1923. Source: Oedaya.67
12First PNI congress, Surabaya, 1928. Source: KITLV.73
13Governor-General B. C. de Jonge opens the Volksraad session, Batavia, 1936. Source: KITLV.79
14Mohammad Natsir. Source: KITLV.85
15The text of the proclamation of Indonesian independence, August 1945. Source: Department of Information, Republic of Indonesia.115
16Sukarno and Sutan Syahrir. Source: Album Perjuangan Kemerdekaan.130
17H. J. van Mook. Source: KITLV.145
18Daud Beureueh and followers, c. 1953. Source: Department of Information, Republic of Indonesia.164
19S. M. Kartosuwiryo after his capture, 1962. Source: Department of Defence and Security, Republic of Indonesia.174
20Election banners 1955. Source: Department of Information, Republic of Indonesia.184
21Sukarno and Ali Sastroamijoyo. Source: KITLV.194
22Sukarno finally bulldozes his enemies, 1958. Source: Suluh Indonesia, 19 August 1958.200
23Juanda. Source: KITLV.207
24Map of the archipelago concept, 1960. Source: Department of Mining, Republic of Indonesia.214
25The final vote at the Constituent Assembly, 1959. Source: Department of Information, Republic of Indonesia.221
26Nasution at the ceremony when Sukarno decreed the reintroduction of the 1945 Constitution, 1959. Source: Department of Information, Republic of Indonesia.228
27Sukarno and Aidit at PKI anniversary celebration, 1965. Source: Department of Information, Republic of Indonesia.235
28Ruslan Abdulgani and Suharto, c. 1966. Source: Retnowati Abdulgani-Knapp.252
29Ali Murtopo. Source: Tempo.265
30Yunus Yahya. Source: author.278
31B. J. Habibie. Source: Setneg.291
32Megawati Sukarnoputri and Abdurrahman Wahid. Source: Ardiles Rante.302
33Abu Bakar Ba’asyir. Source: Ardiles Rante.313
Map 1 Map of Indonesiaxxvii

Glossary and abbreviations

AASArchief van de Algemene Secretarie van de Nederlands-Indische Regering en de daarbij gedeponeerde archieven, 1942–50
abanganless devout, syncretist Muslim
ABRIAngkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia)
adatcustomary law
aksi sepihakunilateral action
AMKArchive of the Ministry of Colonies
AnsorNU youth organisation
APRISAngkatan Perang Republik Indonesia Serikat (Armed Forces of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia)
ASAsian Survey
BFOBijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg (Federal Consultative Assembly)
BIESBulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
Binnenlands BestuurInternal Administration
BKIBijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
BPUPKBadan Untuk Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan (Committee for the Investigation of Independence)
BUBudi Utomo (Glorious Endeavour)
CACCentral Advisory Council
CADCentraal Archievendepot (Central Archive Depot)
daerahregion
DBDjawa Baroe
DDIIDewan Dakwah Islamiyah Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council)
DIDarul Islam (Abode of Islam)

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