Cambridge University Press
9780521867320 - Women, Sociability and Theatre in Georgian London - by Gillian Russell
Frontmatter/Prelims


WOMEN, SOCIABILITY AND THEATRE IN GEORGIAN LONDON

Mid-eighteenth-century London witnessed a major expansion in public culture as a result of a rapidly commercializing society. Of the many new sites of entertainment, the most celebrated (and often notorious) were the Carlisle House and Pantheon assembly rooms, and the Ladies Club or Coterie. In the first major study of these institutions and the fashionable sociability they epitomized, Gillian Russell examines how they transformed metropolitan cultural life. Associated with lavish masquerades, excesses of fashion such as elaborate hairstyles, and scandalous intrigues, these venues suggested a feminization of public life which was profoundly threatening, not least to the theatre of the period. In this highly illustrated and original contribution to the cultural history of the eighteenth century, Russell reveals new perspectives on the theatre and on canonicals plays such as The School for Scandal, as well as suggesting a pre-history for British Romanticism.

GILLIAN RUSSELL is Reader in English at the Australian National University. She is co-editor, with Clara Tuite, of Romantic Sociability: Social Networks and Literary Culture in Britain, 1770–1840 (Cambridge, 2002).


CAMBRIDGE STUDIES IN ROMANTICISM

General editors
Professor Marilyn Butler, University of Oxford
Professor James Chandler, University of Chicago

Editorial board
John Barrell, University of York
Paul Hamilton, University of London
Mary Jacobus, University of Cambridge
Kenneth Johnston, Indiana University
Alan Liu, University of California, Santa Barbara
Jerome McGann, University of Virginia
David Simpson, University of California, Davis

This series aims to foster the best new work in one of the most challenging fields within English literary studies. From the early 1780s to the early 1830s a formidable array of talented men and women took to literary composition, not just in poetry, which some of them famously transformed, but in many modes of writing. The expansion of publishing created new opportunities for writers, and the political stakes of what they wrote were raised again by what Wordsworth called those ‘great national events’ that were ‘almost daily taking place’: the French Revolution, the Napoleonic and American wars, urbanization, industrialization, religious revival, an expanded empire abroad and the reform movement at home. This was an enormous ambition, even when it pretended otherwise. The relations between science, philosophy, religion and literature were reworked in texts such as Frankenstein and Biographia Literaria: gender relations in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and Don Juan: journalism by Cobbett and Hazlitt: poetic form, content and style by the Lake School and the Cockney School. Outside Shakespeare studies, probably no body of writing has produced such a wealth of response or done so much to shape the responses of modern criticism. This indeed is the period that saw the emergence of those notions of ‘literature’ and of literary history, especially national literary history, on which modern scholarship in English has been founded.

The categories produced by Romanticism have also been challenged by recent historicist arguments. The task of the series is to engage both with a challenging corpus of Romantic writings and with the changing field of criticism they have helped to shape. As with other literary series published by Cambridge, this one will represent the work of both younger and more established scholars, on either side of the Atlantic and elsewhere.

For a complete list of titles published see end of book.


WOMEN, SOCIABILITY AND THEATRE IN GEORGIAN LONDON

GILLIAN RUSSELL


CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo

Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521867320

© Gillian Russell 2007

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2007

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-0-521-86732-0 hardback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for
the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or
third-party internet websites referred to in this publication,
and does not guarantee that any content on such
websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.


To Ben and Tom


Contents

List of illustrationspage viii
Acknowledgmentsxi
List of abbreviationsxiii
1Introduction1
2The Circe of Soho: Teresa Cornelys and Carlisle House17
3Harmonic routs and midnight revels: the politics of masquerade38
4‘Dissipation’s hydra reign’: Almack’s and the Coterie63
5‘Welcome to the Pleasure Dome’: the London Pantheon88
6Lady Bab and Mrs Ab: the woman of fashion and the theatre119
7‘Alias, alias, alias’: the trials of the Duchess of Kingston153
8‘Lady Teazle’s occupation’s o’er’178
9Conclusion226
Notes235
Bibliography266
Index280

Illustrations

1‘The Eleventh Society in Soho Square at Mrs. Cornelys’.’ Permission British Library 1889.b.10.2 f. 15 top.page 22
2‘A Gentleman’s Toilette’, pub. John Wesson, 1771. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.36
3‘Remarkable Characters at Mrs. Cornely’s Masquerade’, engraved for the Oxford Magazine 6 (March 1771). Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.46
4‘The Soho Masquerade Conference, between the Premier and his Journeyman’, engraved for the Town and Country Magazine 2 (1770). Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.50
5‘Trial of the sovereign Empress of the vast Regions of Taste’, engraved for the Oxford Magazine 6 (March 1771). © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.58
6‘[Cupid Turn’d Auctioneer, or Cornelys’ Sale at Carlisle House]’, engraved for Westminster Magazine 1 (1773). Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.59
7‘Lady Fashion’s Secretary’s Office, or Peticoat [sic] Recommendation the Best’, pub. Carington Bowles, 1772. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.64
8‘The Female Coterie’, c. 1770. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.75
9Interior of the Pantheon, Oxford Road, London (oil on canvas) by William Hodges (1744–97). © Leeds Museums and Art Galleries (Temple Newsam House) UK.89
10‘A Pantheon No. Rep.’, pub. M. Darly, 1772. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.99
11‘The Inside of the Pantheon in Oxford Road’, pub. Robert Sayer, 1772. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.103
12‘Ridiculous Taste or the Ladies Absurdity’, pub. M. Darly, 1771. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.107
13‘Lady Betty Bustle and her Maid Lucy preparing for the Masquerade at the Pantheon’, pub. Carington Bowles, c. 1772. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.108
14‘Miss Rattle Dressing for the Pantheon’, pub. Carington Bowles, 1772. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.109
15‘A Hint to the Ladies to take Care of their Heads’, pub. R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.110
16‘The Macaroni. A real Character at the late Masquerade’, pub. John Bowles, 1773. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.111
17‘A Masquerade Scene in the Pantheon’, pub. Charles White, 1773. Guildhall Library, City of London.112
18Mrs Abington as Miss Prue in Congreve’s Love for Love, 1771 (oil on canvas) by Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–92). © Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, USA.129
19‘Mrs. Abington. Epilogue to the Tragedy of Zingis’, from A Collection and Selection of English Prologues and Epilogues: Commencing with Shakespeare, and Concluding with Garrick, 4 vols. (London: Fielding and Walker, 1779), iv, p. 229, RB DNS 7946. National Library of Australia.132
20‘Explanation to A Perspective View of Westminster-Hall, with Both Houses of Parliament, on the Trial of the Duchess of Kingston’. Permission British Library LR.301.h.10 (23).166
21‘The Preposterous Head Dress, or the Feathered Lady’, pub. M. Darly, 1776. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.181
22‘The New Fashioned Phaeton. Sic Itur Ad Astra’, pub. R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.182
23‘Slight of Hand by a Monkey – or the Lady’s Head Unloaded’, pub. Carington Bowles, 1776. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.184
24‘The Lady’s Maid, or Toilet Head-Dress’, c. 1776. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum.186
25‘The Feather’d Fair in a Fright’, pub. Carington Bowles, c. 1777. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.188
26Sir Joshua Reynolds, ‘The Marlborough Family’, 1778. © Blenheim Palace and Jarrold Publishing, reproduced by kind permission of the publisher.191
27James Roberts: 1753–1809: English. Frances Abington, Thomas King, John Palmer, William Smith in The School for Scandal by R. B. Sheridan, 1776, Garrick Club (The Art Archive/Garrick Club).207

© Cambridge University Press