Cambridge University Press
9780521867320 - Women, Sociability and Theatre in Georgian London - by Gillian Russell
Frontmatter/Prelims
Mid-eighteenth-century London witnessed a major expansion in public culture as a result of a rapidly commercializing society. Of the many new sites of entertainment, the most celebrated (and often notorious) were the Carlisle House and Pantheon assembly rooms, and the Ladies Club or Coterie. In the first major study of these institutions and the fashionable sociability they epitomized, Gillian Russell examines how they transformed metropolitan cultural life. Associated with lavish masquerades, excesses of fashion such as elaborate hairstyles, and scandalous intrigues, these venues suggested a feminization of public life which was profoundly threatening, not least to the theatre of the period. In this highly illustrated and original contribution to the cultural history of the eighteenth century, Russell reveals new perspectives on the theatre and on canonicals plays such as The School for Scandal, as well as suggesting a pre-history for British Romanticism.
GILLIAN RUSSELL is Reader in English at the Australian National University. She is co-editor, with Clara Tuite, of Romantic Sociability: Social Networks and Literary Culture in Britain, 1770–1840 (Cambridge, 2002).
General editors
Professor Marilyn Butler, University of Oxford
Professor James Chandler, University of Chicago
Editorial board
John Barrell, University of York
Paul Hamilton, University of London
Mary Jacobus, University of Cambridge
Kenneth Johnston, Indiana University
Alan Liu, University of California, Santa Barbara
Jerome McGann, University of Virginia
David Simpson, University of California, Davis
This series aims to foster the best new work in one of the most challenging fields within English literary studies. From the early 1780s to the early 1830s a formidable array of talented men and women took to literary composition, not just in poetry, which some of them famously transformed, but in many modes of writing. The expansion of publishing created new opportunities for writers, and the political stakes of what they wrote were raised again by what Wordsworth called those ‘great national events’ that were ‘almost daily taking place’: the French Revolution, the Napoleonic and American wars, urbanization, industrialization, religious revival, an expanded empire abroad and the reform movement at home. This was an enormous ambition, even when it pretended otherwise. The relations between science, philosophy, religion and literature were reworked in texts such as Frankenstein and Biographia Literaria: gender relations in A Vindication of the Rights of Woman and Don Juan: journalism by Cobbett and Hazlitt: poetic form, content and style by the Lake School and the Cockney School. Outside Shakespeare studies, probably no body of writing has produced such a wealth of response or done so much to shape the responses of modern criticism. This indeed is the period that saw the emergence of those notions of ‘literature’ and of literary history, especially national literary history, on which modern scholarship in English has been founded.
The categories produced by Romanticism have also been challenged by recent historicist arguments. The task of the series is to engage both with a challenging corpus of Romantic writings and with the changing field of criticism they have helped to shape. As with other literary series published by Cambridge, this one will represent the work of both younger and more established scholars, on either side of the Atlantic and elsewhere.
For a complete list of titles published see end of book.
GILLIAN RUSSELL
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
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© Gillian Russell 2007
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no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2007
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-0-521-86732-0 hardback
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To Ben and Tom
List of illustrations | page viii | |
Acknowledgments | xi | |
List of abbreviations | xiii | |
1 | Introduction | 1 |
2 | The Circe of Soho: Teresa Cornelys and Carlisle House | 17 |
3 | Harmonic routs and midnight revels: the politics of masquerade | 38 |
4 | ‘Dissipation’s hydra reign’: Almack’s and the Coterie | 63 |
5 | ‘Welcome to the Pleasure Dome’: the London Pantheon | 88 |
6 | Lady Bab and Mrs Ab: the woman of fashion and the theatre | 119 |
7 | ‘Alias, alias, alias’: the trials of the Duchess of Kingston | 153 |
8 | ‘Lady Teazle’s occupation’s o’er’ | 178 |
9 | Conclusion | 226 |
Notes | 235 | |
Bibliography | 266 | |
Index | 280 |
1 | ‘The Eleventh Society in Soho Square at Mrs. Cornelys’.’ Permission British Library 1889.b.10.2 f. 15 top. | page 22 |
2 | ‘A Gentleman’s Toilette’, pub. John Wesson, 1771. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum. | 36 |
3 | ‘Remarkable Characters at Mrs. Cornely’s Masquerade’, engraved for the Oxford Magazine 6 (March 1771). Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 46 |
4 | ‘The Soho Masquerade Conference, between the Premier and his Journeyman’, engraved for the Town and Country Magazine 2 (1770). Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 50 |
5 | ‘Trial of the sovereign Empress of the vast Regions of Taste’, engraved for the Oxford Magazine 6 (March 1771). © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum. | 58 |
6 | ‘[Cupid Turn’d Auctioneer, or Cornelys’ Sale at Carlisle House]’, engraved for Westminster Magazine 1 (1773). Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 59 |
7 | ‘Lady Fashion’s Secretary’s Office, or Peticoat [sic] Recommendation the Best’, pub. Carington Bowles, 1772. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 64 |
8 | ‘The Female Coterie’, c. 1770. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 75 |
9 | Interior of the Pantheon, Oxford Road, London (oil on canvas) by William Hodges (1744–97). © Leeds Museums and Art Galleries (Temple Newsam House) UK. | 89 |
10 | ‘A Pantheon No. Rep.’, pub. M. Darly, 1772. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 99 |
11 | ‘The Inside of the Pantheon in Oxford Road’, pub. Robert Sayer, 1772. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 103 |
12 | ‘Ridiculous Taste or the Ladies Absurdity’, pub. M. Darly, 1771. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum. | 107 |
13 | ‘Lady Betty Bustle and her Maid Lucy preparing for the Masquerade at the Pantheon’, pub. Carington Bowles, c. 1772. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum. | 108 |
14 | ‘Miss Rattle Dressing for the Pantheon’, pub. Carington Bowles, 1772. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 109 |
15 | ‘A Hint to the Ladies to take Care of their Heads’, pub. R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum. | 110 |
16 | ‘The Macaroni. A real Character at the late Masquerade’, pub. John Bowles, 1773. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 111 |
17 | ‘A Masquerade Scene in the Pantheon’, pub. Charles White, 1773. Guildhall Library, City of London. | 112 |
18 | Mrs Abington as Miss Prue in Congreve’s Love for Love, 1771 (oil on canvas) by Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–92). © Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, USA. | 129 |
19 | ‘Mrs. Abington. Epilogue to the Tragedy of Zingis’, from A Collection and Selection of English Prologues and Epilogues: Commencing with Shakespeare, and Concluding with Garrick, 4 vols. (London: Fielding and Walker, 1779), iv, p. 229, RB DNS 7946. National Library of Australia. | 132 |
20 | ‘Explanation to A Perspective View of Westminster-Hall, with Both Houses of Parliament, on the Trial of the Duchess of Kingston’. Permission British Library LR.301.h.10 (23). | 166 |
21 | ‘The Preposterous Head Dress, or the Feathered Lady’, pub. M. Darly, 1776. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum. | 181 |
22 | ‘The New Fashioned Phaeton. Sic Itur Ad Astra’, pub. R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 182 |
23 | ‘Slight of Hand by a Monkey – or the Lady’s Head Unloaded’, pub. Carington Bowles, 1776. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum. | 184 |
24 | ‘The Lady’s Maid, or Toilet Head-Dress’, c. 1776. © Copyright the Trustees of the British Museum. | 186 |
25 | ‘The Feather’d Fair in a Fright’, pub. Carington Bowles, c. 1777. Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University. | 188 |
26 | Sir Joshua Reynolds, ‘The Marlborough Family’, 1778. © Blenheim Palace and Jarrold Publishing, reproduced by kind permission of the publisher. | 191 |
27 | James Roberts: 1753–1809: English. Frances Abington, Thomas King, John Palmer, William Smith in The School for Scandal by R. B. Sheridan, 1776, Garrick Club (The Art Archive/Garrick Club). | 207 |
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