Abdelkader Mohamed Ali
Abu Ghraib
ACC (Associate Candidate Countries, EU)
acceptance, mode of interaction with host society
Afro-Caribbean immigrants
agriculture
funding
AKP (Justice and Development Party, Turkey)
Al-Albani, Sheik
Al-Azmeh, Aziz
Al Qa’ida
Albania
Alevis
in Turkey
in Western European countries
Algeria
AlSayyad, Nezar
Amiraux, Valérie
Amsterdam, Treaty of
Anagnostou, Dia
Anastasios of Sinai
Andalusia
Anderson, Benedict
Anderson, Malcolm
Ankara Agreement (1963)
Arabic (language), learning of
assimilationism
vs. multiculturalism
Austria
Bishops’ Conference
domestic politics
educational system
legislation
authoritarianism, criticisms of
Averroes (Ibn Roschd)
‘Averroes Day’ (projected)
avoidance, mode of interaction with host society
Barcelona Conference (1995)
Barelvis (Islamic sect)
Bauman, Zygmunt
Belgium
Berger, Peter
Bhabha, Homi
Biller, Stephen
Blair, Tony
border regions
disputes/changes
Borrmans, Maurice, Father
Bosnia
(diversity of) Islamic practices
domestic politics
political history
terminology
theoretical commentaries
western attitudes to
Bougarel, Xavier
Bourdieu, Pierre
Bradford, burning of books in
Bringa, Tone
Buddhism
Bulgaria
Accession Partnership (with EU)
domestic politics
economy
financial assistance from EU
legislation
Muslim communities in;
population
political history
reforms see also Southeast Europe
Bush, George W.
Byzantine empire
Caliphate State
Carkoglu, Ali
Cartoons, anti-Muslim
Casanova, José
Catholic Church
CEC (Conference of European Churches, formerly EECCS)
Cerić, Mustafa
Cesari, Jocelyne
Chaban-Delmas, Jacques
Charles I of England
Chebel, Malek
Chechnya
children, relations with family see also education
Chirac, Jacques
Christianity/Christians
conflicts with Islam
fundamentalist activities
position in Islamic world
references in public documents see EU, Constitutional Treaty
role in European culture
Christodoulos, Archbishop
citizenship tests
Clifford, James
clothing, Muslim, right to wear see also headscarf; veil
CMCE (Muslim Council of Cooperation in Europe) see also zmd
Cohen, Anthony P.
Čolaković, Salih
collectivism
importance of solidarity
pitfalls
COMECE (Commission of National Bishops’ Conferences of the European Union)
conformism, opposition to
Constantinople, capture of (1453)
‘contact terrorism’
Council of Europe
Cox, Pat
Cromwell, Oliver
Crusades, resonance in modern world
Dahlab v. Switzerland (2001)
dar al Islam (‘land of Islam’)
contrasted with dar al harb, ‘land of the enemy’
Dassetto, Felice
Dayton Peace Agreement
decentralisation see regionalisation
Delmas, Jacques see Chaban-Delmas
Delors, Jacques
Denizoglun, Ahmed Arif
Denmark
anti-Muslim sentiment
civic administration
domestic politics
legislation
religion
Déobandis (Islamic sect)
deregulation
dhimma pacts
D.I.A (The Islamic Alternative)
diaspora
defined
forms of Islam under
Muslim culture of
difference
struggle for right to
vs. equality
Dimitrov, Filip
Dionysus Tel Mahre
DITIB (Turkish Islamic Union of the State Office for Matters of Belief)
DIYANET (Turkish State Office for Matters of Belief)
Dogan, Ahmed
ECHR (European Court of Human Rights)
education
(fears of) Muslim influence on
religious (in school)
religious (out of school)
Edward I of England
EECCS (European Ecumenical Commission for Church and Society) see CEC
EKD (Evangelical Church of Germany)
‘electronic religiosity’
equality
struggle for
vs. difference
Erbakan, Mehmet Sabri
Erdogan, Recep Tayyip
EU (European Union)
Charter of Fundamental Rights
Constitutional Treaty
High-Level Advisory Group
Independent Commission on Turkey
integration/enlargement
and Islamic culture
regional policy
relations with membership
relations with religious organisations
religious policies
religious representation
response to 9/11 attacks
structural funds see also European Commission;Turkey
EUMC (European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia)
‘Euro-Islam’
problems of
varying forms of
Europe
diversity
economic/political restructuring see also EU; Euro-Islam; Islam; Muslims
European Commission
dealings with Muslim organisations
Forward Studies Unit (FSU)
Group of Policy Advisers (GOPA)
European Humanistic Federation
European People’s Party (EPP)
extremism, media focus on see also fundamentalism; terrorism
faith, nature of
Fallaci, Oriana
family life
role in formation of views
stereotypical views of
traditions/rituals
Fazlur Rahman
FEMYSO (Forum of European Muslim Youth and Student Organisations)
FIOE (Federation of Islamic Organisations in Europe)
first-generation immigrants
attitudes to children
‘foreignness,’ experience of
Fortuyn, Pim
Foucault, Michel
France
2005 riots
attitudes to Muslims
civic ideology
domestic politics
housing/employment conditions
immigrant attitudes
influence on other ideologies
legislation
Muslim organisations
Turkish immigrants in
Franco, Francisco
Fukuyama, Francis
fundamentalism
conflict with modernism
Galembert, Claire de
Gencel, Aylin
Germany
citizenship laws
(discriminatory) legislation
educational system
housing/employment conditions
Muslim organisations
role of Islam in
Turkish communities in
organisations
Gilroy, Paul
Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry
globalisation
Goffman, Erving
governments
attitudes to minorities
failure to deliver on promises
see also names of countries
Gradačević, Husein-kapetan
Greece
anti-Muslim discrimination
Christian-Muslim relations
domestic politics
economy
employment
financial assistance from EU
legislation
Muslim communities
Orthodox Church
prefectures
reforming measures see also Southeast Europe
Grønbach, Vilhelm
Gulf War (1991)
Habermas, Jürgen
Hadiths (sayings of the Prophet)
Halki theological seminary
Hall, Stuart
Halliday, Fred
Hassan el Banna
Hastings, Adrian
headscarves, wearing of
Hegira (flight to Medina, 622)
Helsinki Council (1999)
Hervieu-Léger, Danièle
Higher Education Act (Turkey, 1981)
Hikmet (periodical)
history (of Muslim-European interaction)
‘honour murders’
Houllebecq, Michel
human rights
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Without Frontiers (HRWF)
Huntington, Samuel
Ibn Arabi
ijtihad (independent thought)
Imam Boussouf
Imam Hatip schools (Turkey)
immigration
legislation
individualism
critiques of ultra-orthodoxy
rejection
Indonesia
integration see acceptance
internet see websites
intolerance, criticisms of
IRA (Irish Republican Army)
Iran, revolution
Islam
attempts to reconcile with Western ideas
‘conscious’ (individual)
decline in global influence
definition of (European) role
definitions
differing forms of
Europeanisation
in exile
and globalisation
internal diversity
modernisation
national (European) variations
non-practising
political movements linked to
political neutrality
relationship with ethnic identity
relationship with nationhood
relationship with politics
revolutionary
strict regard for
theoretical explorations
viewed as threat
‘virtual’
Western attitudes to (see also stereotypes)
see also Christianity; Europe; immigrants; individualism; Muslims; neo-orthodoxy; ultra-orthodoxy
Islamska Zajednica (Islamic Community, Bosnia)
isolation see avoidance
Israel
Italy
legislation
Muslim organisations
Izetebogović, Alija
Jahić, Adnan
attitudes to west
political/journalistic career
religious/political philosophy
Jenkins, Roy
Jerichow, Anders
Jesus, role in Muslim theology
Jews
position in European societies
position in Islamic world
Jihad
etymology
John of Damascus
Jyllands-Posten
Kaplan, Cemaleddin
Karaduman v.Turkey (1993)
Karahan, Yavuz Celik
Karrčić, Fikret
compared with other thinkers
Karić, Enes
compared with other thinkers
political career
political/theological theory
Kelkal, Khaled
Kemal Atatürk, Mustafa
modern followers
Kepel, Gilles
Koran see Qu’ran
Kurds
conflict with Turkish authorities
Western communities
land ownership
Lausanne Treaty
law
activist recourse to
Islamic see shari’a
left wing, opposition to Muslim demands
Lewis, Bernard
Local Self-Government and Administration Act (Bulgaria, 1991)
Lockwood, William
London, 2005 bombings
Lutheranism, role in Danish society
Luyckx, Mark
Madrid, 2004 bombing
marriage (with non-Muslims), tolerance of
Massicard, Elise
Massignon, Berengère
Mauroy, Pierre
Mazowiecki, Tadeusz
media (Western), portrayal of Islamic issues
Medina, first Muslim community
Mernissi, Fatima
meta-narratives
‘Migreurope’ network
millet system
Milli Görüs
minorities
blueprint for settlement
nationalist movements
non-Muslim (in Muslim countries)
political participation
rights/treatment
in Southeast Europe
transnational alliances
Mitri, Tarek
modernism
Mohammed Arkun
Mohammed Boussouf
Mohammed Laroussi
Morocco
mosques construction of
EU law on
opposition to
MRF (Movement for Rights and Freedom, Bulgaria)
Muhammad (the Prophet)
Muhammad Abduh
Muhammad Iqbal
multiculturalism
cultural benefits
Muslim attitudes to
opposition to
pitfalls see also assimilationism
Muslim Brotherhood
‘Muslim Democrats’ (Turkey)
Muslims (in Europe)
approaches to EU
approach(es) to religion
attempts to establish Euro-Islamic culture
as bridge between two worlds
communities
country of origin, importance of
cultural integration
discrimination against
diversity
ethnic identity/ies
European organisations
forms of self-identification
hostility towards
impact on secularist society
intellectual approach
interaction with host societies
research into
internal differences
languages
marginalisation
national communities
numbers
‘otherness’
political activity
pressure to conform
‘privileged’ position
range of social positions
religious observance
residential segregation
response to 9/11 attacks
role in EU institutions
socio-economic conditions
struggle for rights
supposed homogeneity see also Islam; stereotyping
Nagel, Tilman
nationalism
in Southeast Europe
Turkish
neo-orthodoxy
critiques of ultra-orthodoxy
Netherlands
attitudes to Musilms
domestic politics
government report
Muslim organisations
networks, transnational
Nicea, Council of
Nielsen, Jorgen
Nurcu
OPEC (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
orientalism
Ostojic, Velibor
Ottoman Empire
Parekh, Bikhu
Perry, Roy, MEP
PHARE (aid programme)
Pius XVI, Pope
pluralism see Turkey
Portugal
‘post-Islamism’
Prodi, Romano
Protestant churches
Qu’ran
impact on modern thinkers
study of
translation
radicalism
Ramadan Tariq
Rashid Rida
Rasmussen, Anders Fogh
Ratzinger, Josef see Pius XVI
recognition, fight for
rejection of
regional economies
assistance to
regionalisation
Reid, John
Reis-ul-Ulema (cheif religious scholar)
religion(s)
as divisive
exaggeration of role in conflict
loss of global influence
political manipulation
role in contemporary culture
role in global politics/tensions
symbols, handling of see also Christianity; Islam
resistance, mode of interaction with host society
Reuter, Astrid
revivalism
Reza, Ahmad
Richard I ‘the Lionheart’ of England
right-wing political groups, swing towards
Robertson, Pat
Robins, Kevin
Rodison, Maxime
Rome, treaty of
Roy, Olivier
Rushdie, Salman
Russian Orthodox Church
Sahin Leyla (Sahin v. Turkey, 2004)
Said, Edward
Salafi movement
Santer, Jacques
Sarkozy, Nicholas
Sayyid Qutb
Schiffauer, Werner
schools, Muslim/mixed see also education
Scott, Sir Walter
SDA (Party of Democratic Action, Bosnia)
opposition to
Sebeos the Armenian
second generation, attitudes compared with first
secularisation
Turkish experience
secularism
models/problems
rejection
separatism
September 11 attacks see World Trade Center
Serbia and Montenegro
sexual morality (Western), Muslim view/critiques of
Seyd Hussein Nasr
Shakib Arslan
shari’a (Islamic law)
Shi’a Islam
Silajdzic, Haris
Single European Act (1986)
Social Doctrine of the Church
Sorabji, Cornelia
‘A Soul for Europe’ initiative
Southeast Europe
Muslim communities in
regionalisation policies see also Bulgaria; Greece
Spain see also Madrid
Srebrenica massacre, 1995
State(s)
decline in global significance
Islamic, theories of
stereotyping
of Muslims (see also Muslims: ‘otherness’)
of West, by Muslims
Sufi Islam
Süleymanci
Sunni Islam
Surel, Yves
Tabligh movement
Taliban
Taniyici, Saban
tawhid (uniqueness of God), principle of
Taylor, Charles
tension(s), racial/religious
causes
means of defusing
perpetuation
terrorism
presentation in Western media see also France; London; Madrid; World Trade Center
textbooks (school)
Thatcher, Margaret
‘third way’
Thrace
population
Regional Operational Programme
Tibi, Bassam
Toledo meeting (1995)
tolerance, role in Islamic theory/practice
Toprak, Binnaz
traditionalism see also fundamentalism
‘turban’ (Turkish), wearing/symbolic significance
Turkey
Accession Partnership (with EU)
civil unrest
Directorate of Religious Affairs see DIYANET
diversity of Islamic positions
domestic (party) politics
and headscarf controversy
immigrants from(see also Germany)
influence on diasporic communities
legislation
and pluralism
political history
political regulation of religion
relations with EU
relations with neighbours
role/symbols of Islam
security concerns
universities
Western leaders’ commentary on
Tulza, Bosnia
UIOE (Union of Islamic Organisations in Europe)
Ukraine
‘ulama (religious scholars)
ultra-orthodoxy
critiqued
umma (global Muslim community)
compatibility with nationhood
UN Commission on Human Rights
UNESCO
United Kingdom
articulations of Muslim identity
employment conditions
ethnic/cultural traditions
housing conditions
legislation
pressure on Muslim community
social policy (see also
multiculturalism)urban riots (2001) see also Bradford; London
United States
anti-terrorist legislation
policy towards Islamic world
van der Linden Helen
van Gogh, Theo
veil, wearing of
Vienna, siege of (1683)
Virtue Party (Turkey)
Wahabi movement
critiqued
Weber, Max
websites, Muslim
Welfare Party (Turkey)
West, critiqued for violence/oppression
Westphalia, Peace of (1648)
women
public position on Islamic issues
role in Muslim culture
World Trade Center, (aftermath of) attacks on
xenophobia
Yavuz, Hakan
Ye’or, Bat
young people
approaches to religion
employment
socio-economic situation
Yugoslavia, political history/dissolution
Zapatero, José Luis Rodriguez
Zhivkov, Todor
ZMD (Central Council for Muslims in Germany)
Islamic Charter
Zürcher, Erik-Jan