African American English, 214, 276, 386, 401, 405, 406, 411, 413
Gullah, 406, 410, 413
parallels with Irish English, 14, 77, 176, 177, 182, 213, 228, 230, 405
Anglo-Celtic, 4, 414
Anglo-Irish, 3, 4, 305
Anglo-Norman, 31, 32, 33, 49, 50, 51, 58, 60, 80, 86, 123, 130, 325, 345, 369
Basque, 408
Britain, the Irish in, 390
1840s, 390
contact with communities, 391
Merseyside, 391
lenition, 392
range of lenition, 392
Middlesbrough, 393
nineteenth-century population, 393
comparison with Liverpool, 394
lenition, 394
patterns of emigration, 390
Scotland, 396
Glasgow, 396
comparison with northern Irish English, 397
grammatical parallels with Irish English, 398
Tyneside, 394
comparison with Irish English, 396
double modals, 395
for to-infinitives, 395
NECTE corpus, 394
relative clauses, 395
second-person-plural forms, 394
syntactic features, 394
Canadian English, 409, 417
Canadian Raising, 329, 335, 409
Newfoundland English, 355, 408
Celtic, 9
Breton, 10, 432
Cornish, 10, 97, 432
Gaelic, 9, 11, 32, 41, 42
P-Celtic, 10, 180, 431
Q-Celtic, 10, 86, 290, 368, 384, 396, 432
Scottish Gaelic (Gallick), 9, 10, 51, 86, 97, 98, 114, 154, 205, 212, 244, 250, 265, 276, 366, 369, 384, 396, 397, 398, 432
Welsh, 10, 30, 31, 48, 97, 127, 160, 180, 380, 432
Celtic Englishes, 5, 206
Dutch, 61, 69, 309, 317, 362
English
Cockney, 23, 351, 360, 361, 389
Estuary English, 360, 361
Liverpool/Scouse, 23, 351, 392, 393, 434
Middle English, 10, 49, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 66, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 104, 105, 106, 110, 116, 117, 129, 180, 186, 205, 227, 299, 304, 316, 325, 341, 367
Newcastle/Geordie, 23, 351
Old English, 64, 65, 75, 81, 103, 104, 107, 129, 133, 227, 255, 306, 367, 406
Received Pronunciation, 119, 305, 342
Shakespearean English, 110
Fingal dialect, 82
extant texts, 83
linguistic features, 84
Flemish, 30, 31, 48, 68, 69, 79
Forth and Bargy, 31, 52, 56, 66
twentieth-century comments, 67
comparison with Kildare Poems, 67, 71
conservative character, 61, 71
Forth and Bargy (cont.)
dialect of Fingal, 82
extracts, 429, 430
geographical location, 68
glossaries, 66
loanwords, 68
origin, 67
orthography, 69
phonological interpretation, 70
reconstructed features, 81
sound system, 72
accent, 80
cluster simplification, 79
consonants, 76
diphthongs, 74
epenthesis, 79
final stress, 81
initial voicing, 79
metathesis, 80
morphology, 81
short vowels, 75
vowels, 72
Stanihurst’s remarks, 68
Yola, 429, 435
French, 31, 33, 50, 72, 106, 129, 130, 131, 309, 316, 346, 363, 408, 431
Canadian French, 366
Old French, 54
German, 23, 69, 118, 119, 141, 153, 160, 196, 201, 247, 248, 266, 289, 309, 367, 369, 381, 385
Germanic, 7, 30, 102, 105, 129, 141, 142, 160, 177, 180, 196, 322
Hiberno-English
use of term, 4
Irish English (general)
attitudes
abandonment of Irish language, 20
consciousness and recognition, 22
history, 19
British English and Irish English, 21
code-switching, 163
data collections, 162
A Collection of Contact English, 162
A Corpus of Irish English, 166
Dublin English Recordings, 165
Irish Emigrant Letters, 167
Material for A Linguistic Survey of Ireland, 168
Old Bailey Texts, 167
Sound Archive of the Department of Irish Folklore, University College Dublin, 168
A Survey of Irish English Usage, 164
acceptance rates, 165
awareness of structure, 164
questionnaires, 164
Tape-Recorded Survey of Hiberno-English Speech – Digital, 167
Waterford English Recordings, 166
early modern background, 296
east coast dialect area, xiii, 1, 4, 18, 38, 52, 74, 106, 117, 123, 132, 184, 196, 214, 239, 265, 283, 306, 323, 345, 432
elocution, 22, 41, 44, 270, 300, 347
Gaeltacht(aí) [Irish-speaking area(s)], 4, 9, 94, 162, 232, 380, 433
hedge schools, 44, 124
identity of Irish English, 11
see phonological features
implicational scale, 18
influence of English on Irish, 292
phrasal verbs, 294
pragmatic markers, 292
word order, 295
Ireland as a linguistic area, 289
areal features, 292
features in Irish and English, 294
Irish universities and the English language, 24, 26
language contact, xiii, 5, 25, 51, 125, 127, 129, 224, 278, 281, 284, 318, 433
category and exponence, 134
coincidental parallels, 141
contact-induced change, 132
factors favouring grammatical transfer, 135
features not transferred, 142
general, 126
generalisations, 131
levels affected, 131
neglect of features, 143
non-occurring features, 143
overrepresentation, 145
parameter setting, 143
possible outcomes, 131
process of transfer, 135
prosody of transfer, 138
resistance to structural influence, 131
search for categorial equivalence, 134
tracing features to contact, 133
transfer of features, 129
Irish English (general) (cont.)
types of contact, 129
unguided adult language acquisition, 128
language convergence, 114, 130, 134, 188, 206, 248, 279, 280, 282, 291, 387, 394, 396, 408, 410, 432
language of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century drama, 300
language of Jonathan Swift, 299
language of the planters, 37
possible influence on English in Ireland, 38
language shift, 25, 37, 38, 46, 121, 126, 129, 132, 141, 151, 188, 192, 195, 205, 206, 212, 213, 219, 221, 247, 250, 263, 278, 281, 285, 291, 309, 318, 328, 352, 382, 396, 398, 433
access to English, 123
unguided adult language acquisition, 125
language variation, 25, 341
malapropisms and shibboleths, 18
mid Ulster English, 433
misconceptions, 17
mixed accents, 16
negative definers, 16
/h/-dropping, 17
glottalisation of /t/, 16
lexical features, 17
linking and intrusive /r/, 17
morphological features, 17
negative epistemic must, 126
nineteenth century, 45
general primary education, 46
population changes, 47
the decline of Irish, 47
the Great Famine, 46
northern Irish English
fronting of /u/, 15
prominent features, 15
prosody, 14
retroflexion of /r/, 15
vowel length, 15
phonological features, 11
dental fricatives, 11
epenthesis, 13
lenition, 12
metathesis, 13
pronunciation variants, 14
realisation of /l/, 13
realisation of <wh>, 13
possible future developments, 29
recent emigrants, 29
recessive features, 29
possible sources for Irish English
features, 127
prescriptivism, 44, 260, 270, 348
retention of input features, xiii, xix, 71, 82, 104, 110, 113, 116, 128, 132, 143, 161, 174, 177, 180, 186, 205, 279, 282, 290, 301, 328, 358, 362, 390, 396, 417, 434
‘standard’ Irish English, 26
International Corpus of English – Ireland, 27
possible criteria, 26
scales of standardness, 28
morphology, 28
phonology, 28
syntax, 28
second-language varieties, 376
sources, 377
Shakespeare and Irish English, 297
substratist view, 16, 51, 55, 57, 130, 131, 198, 250, 271, 276, 386, 387, 410, 434
summary of historical features, 301
supraregionalisation, 23, 43, 184, 309, 313, 315, 335, 344, 393, 394, 416, 434
terminology, 3
Anglo-Irish, 3
brogue, 7
Celtic Englishes, 5
external references, 9
Hibernia, 433
Hiberno-English, 4
relationship to Anglo-Irish, 4
Ireland and Britain, 8
Irish: ‘Wild Irish’, 10
language, 9
people, 10
Irish English, 5
non-linguistic terms: blarney, 7, 431
brogue, 7, 431
cant, 381, 431
northern Irish English, 5
stage Irish, 8, 434
Ullans, 6, 101, 102, 434
Ulster English, 6
Ulster Irish, 6
Ulster Scots, 5, 435
urban vernacular, 6
tradition of caricature, 299
transfer of features, 13, 16, 27, 37, 53, 60, 94, 95, 114, 124, 125, 127, 130, 132, 135, 143, 153, 159, 163, 171, 180, 192, 201, 212, 222, 249, 254, 257, 271, 278, 281, 292, 340, 363, 367, 379, 390, 392, 398, 411, 434
translation studies, 8
Irish English (general) (cont.)
transplantation, 38
transportation, 39
universalist view, 3, 128, 130, 161, 220, 435
Irish English (grammar), 161
see also Irish English (grammar): adverbial area; nominal area; prepositional area; pronominal area; sentence structure; verbal area
aspect, 171
bare quantifiers, 257
clarification, 169
comparatives, 258
nor for ‘than’, 258
determiners, 251
overuse of definite article, 251
exposure to non-standard varieties, 170
models and interpretations, 279
features of Irish and non-standard English, 280
grammaticalisation, 281
possible creolisation, 284
prototype analysis, 285
habitual aspect, 288
immediate perfective, 287
resultative perfective, 286
significance of nineteenth century, 45
Irish English (grammar): adverbial area, 254
augmentatives, 256
galore, 257
but for only, 255
time reference with never, 254
use of before, 255
use of whenever in Ulster, 254
Irish English (grammar): nominal area
number distinctions, 237
occurrence of youse, 241
unmarked plurals, 237
use of ye, 238
use of yez, 239
ye/yez in nineteenth-century literature, 241
Irish English (grammar): prepositional area, 246
relevance with on, 247, 249
use of in it, 247
Irish English (grammar): pronominal area
demonstratives, 242
non-standard reflexives, 244
resumptive pronouns, 244
them as demonstrative, 242
unbound reflexives, 243
Irish English (grammar): sentence structure, 259
focussing, 266
inversion of embedded questions, 273
inversion, hierarchy of, 274
inversion, situation in Irish, 276
negation, 269
contractions of will, 272
failure of negative attraction, 271
negative concord, 269
relativisation, 259
subordinating and, 262
Irish parallels, 263
nineteenth-century attestations, 263
present-day instances, 265
subordination, 261
tag questions, 276
occurrence of is it, 277
till in the sense of ‘so that’, 265
topicalisation
clefting, 267, 268
clefting in Irish, 269
fronting, 267
Irish English (grammar): verbal area, 173
be as auxiliary, 177
complementation, 174
contractions, 178
deletion of be, 176
double modals, 191
forms after there, 184
forms of be, 182
for-to infinitives, 186
emigrant letters, 187
non-purposive, 187
habitual aspect, 213
acceptance rates, 233, 236
be(es) in historical texts, 227
be(es) in south-eastern Irish English, 231
be(es) in the north of Ireland, 226
do(es) be +V-ing, 216
durative, 193, 213, 216
emigrant letters, 225
exponence, 214
extensions, 217
genesis in Ireland, 221
invariant be, 228, 230
invariant be and be(es) in Ulster, 231
iterative, 182, 193, 213, 214, 216
negative imperative with V-ing, 222
nineteenth-century literature, 224
origin, 217
past habitual, 233
periphrastic do, 218
possible trigger in Irish English, 222
Irish English (general) (cont.)
rise in Ireland, 219
suffixal -s, 215
use of were to, 232
infinitival complements, 190
infinitives, 186
negative epistemic must, 191
non-standard verb forms, 173
number of verb forms, 173
overuse of conditional, 179
past participle as verbal complement, 190
past verb forms, 173
perfective use of can, 191
regularisation of be paradigms, 183
shall and will, 178
tense and aspect, 192
see also habitual aspet
‘extended now’, 196
‘indefinite anterior’, 195
basic distinctions, 193
be perfects, 196
immediate perfective, 197
contemporary usage, 206
development in Irish English, 200
link between Irish and English, 204
origin, 198
scholarly interpretation, 207
Scottish parallels, 205
time reference, 199
resultative perfective, 208
comparison with contact Scottish English, 212
contrast with simple past, 210
origin, 210
usage survey, 210
terminology, 193
uninflected verb forms, 175
unmarked infinitives, 189
verbal concord, 179, 181
acceptance rates, 182
was/were in echo forms and negative tags, 185
Irish English (history)
first period (1200–1600), 77, 121, 124, 175, 353, 432
second period (1600 to present), 301, 385, 434
Irish English (medieval), 30
Anglo-Norman documents in Ireland, 33
assimilation of early settlers, 32
background, 30
Early Irish English (phonology), 53
English and Anglo-Norman, 49
features of English, 53
first settlers from Wales, 31
Kildare Poems, 54, 166, 187, 296, 305, 346, 423, 427
authorship debate, 54
morphology, 56
phonology, 56, 59, 62
open syllable lengthening, 59, 65
the manuscript, 54
language situation, 33
languages in Ireland, 48
loanwords from Anglo-Norman, 51
Loscombe Manuscript, 54, 56, 57, 59, 61, 63
Norman settlements in Ireland, 32
position of English, 52
position of Irish, 33, 34
spread of English, 31
status of Anglo-Norman, 50
Irish English (pragmatics), 370
consensuality, 371, 372
exchange rituals, 374
external mitigation, 372
focusser ‘like’, 376
interlocutors, 373
pragmatic markers, 374
reassurance, 372
saying ‘no’, 373
silence and overlap, 374
stressed ‘some’, 376
structure of discourse, 371
vernacular mode, 371
Irish English (pronunciation)
historical features, 301
summary, 301
supraregional Irish English, 309
hypercorrection, 315
mergers, 314
progress, 311
relegation to colloquial registers, 314
replacement of vernacular features, 312
restriction to a specific environment, 313
SERVE-lowering, 311
triggers, 310
unaffected features, 315
vernacular Irish English, 303
Irish English: supraregional sound system, 316
consonants
/h/ in Irish English, 322
/r/ sounds, 320
/r/, retroflex, 321
/r/, uvular, 320
dentals and alveolars, 318
labio-velars, 319
lenition, 322
lenition and syllable position, 324
types of /l/, 321
yod dropping, 325
lexical sets, 326
Irish English: supraregional (cont.)
stress patterning, 325
vowels, 316
Irish English (transportation), 1, 384
see also Britain, the Irish in
/w/ and /v/, 389
assessing features overseas, 385
Australia, 414
nineteenth-century emigration, 414
nineteenth-century Irish English, 416
possible Irish features, 414, 415
Canada, 407
mainland, 409
Catholics and Protestants, 409
Ottawa Valley, 409
Newfoundland, 407
early emigration, 407
emigration from south-east Ireland, 408
linguistic features (phonology and syntax), 408
Caribbean, the, 410
Barbados, 411
English settlement, 411
linguistic features, 412
convergence scenario, 410
habitual aspect, 413
possible Irish influence, 410, 413
superstrate models, 410
Caribbean English, 405
disappearence of features, 388
earliest movements, 384
economically motivated emigration, 385
features not found overseas, 387
formal parallels between varieties, 387
independent development, 386
loss of features, 388
mercenaries, 384
multiple sources, 387
New Zealand, 417
nineteenth-century emigration, 417
Irish input, 417
phonological features, 417
non-standard features overseas, 389
positive anymore, 386, 387
religiously motivated emigration, 385
second-person-plural forms, 386
United States, 398
African American English, 405
origins of habitual, 406
Appalachian English, 401
approximate total figures, 403
a-prefixing, 402
Catholic dimension of emigration, 403
double modals, 401
emigration from Ulster, 400
features, 398
Gullah, 406
Irish education, 405
nineteenth and eighteenth centuries compared, 404
nineteenth-century emigration, 402
phases of emigration, 398
positive anymore, 401
settlement patterns, 403
Ulster Scots input, 399, 401
transmission of English, 389
Irish English (urban)
Belfast, 332
community structure, 338
early Belfast English, 333
nature of language change, 340
relevance beyond Belfast, 339
social networks, 335
sources, 333
the Milroy investigations, 337
wider implications of the Milroy studies, 340
Coleraine, 12, 13, 25, 91, 93, 98, 115, 116, 307, 344
‘family model’, 344
phonology, 344
Derry, 2, 6, 25, 117, 119, 165, 181, 342
population, 342
recent change: ethnicity, 343, 344
phonology, 343
research on English there, 343
Dublin, xiii, xix, 1, 3, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 29, 43, 107, 165, 194, 241, 306, 345, 363, 377, 397
Anglo-Norman period, 345
colloquial forms, 23
conservative forms, 18
early settlement, 345
ebb and flow of features, 348
Ellis’ features, 349
features according to Sheridan, 348
Fifteenth-century English, 347
Gaelic revival, 346
late eighteenth century, 44, 117, 219, 347
local forms, 81, 116, 165, 180, 291, 310, 315, 317, 323, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 346, 351
cluster reduction, 353
coronal stops, 352
local forms of t-lenition, 354
motivation for change, 321
new varieties, 115, 312, 316, 317, 321, 328, 329, 330, 331
nineteenth century, 349
non-local forms, 114
Irish English (urban) (cont.)
possible rural input, 350
present-day English, 351
recent change, 354
avoiding local features, 357
comparison with local and mainstream varieties, 357
Dublin Vowel Shift, 355
arguments for the shift, 359
comparison with Estuary English, 360
pushing the shift, 359
reactions to shift, 356
reasons for this, 354
spread of new features, 360
Pale, the, 346
textual record, 184
Irish English (vocabulary), 362
archaic and regional elements, 362
etymology, 366
international usage, 367
Irish loans in American English, 368
Irish loans in general English, 366
Irish loans in Irish English, 364
Irish names in English, 369
Irish use of English lexis, 362
lexicography of Irish English, 369
non-colloquial terms, 367
northern Irish English, 370
official usage, 365
question of currency, 365
relationship to Scottish Gaelic, 369
research, 362
Irish geography
Armagh, 2, 16
Belfast, 2, 6, 332, 431
Coleraine, 344
Connaught, 432
Connemara, 432
Cork, 432
Derry, 2, 6, 16, 342, 432
Londonderry, 89
Dublin, xiii, xix, 24, 31, 34, 35, 41, 47, 50, 52, 58, 68, 82, 90, 93, 197, 210, 225, 265, 272, 300, 301, 309, 345, 432
Forth and Bargy, 432
Kilkenny, 33, 50
Leinster, 433
Munster, 433
Northern Ireland, 433
‘The six counties’, 9
‘The twenty-six counties’, 9
Ulster, 6, 434
Irish history
1601 victory of English, 37, 87
1851 census, 48
Act of Union, 93
ascendancy, the, 20, 42, 43, 431
Battle of the Boyne, 40, 90
Bruce invasion, 49
Catholic emancipation, 350
Constitution of Ireland, 9
Cromwell, Oliver, 37, 39, 87, 385, 410
decline of native culture, 40
early plantations, 35
eighteenth century, 35
bilingualism, 42
Protestant prosperity, 41
rural population, 41
English commonwealth, 87
Flight of the Earls, 37, 87, 384
Government of Ireland Act, 2
Great Famine, 21, 46, 47, 122, 124, 203, 205, 332, 350, 391, 403, 414
Hugh O’Neill (Ulster leader), 36
Irish Free State, 9
Munster plantation, 35, 37
New English, 11, 433
Norman invasion, 20, 30, 33, 49, 50, 51, 68, 121
Norse invasion, 82
Northern Ireland, 2, 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 25, 85, 95, 99, 102, 112, 233, 343
Old English, 10, 433
Pale, the, 10, 20, 31, 32, 68, 346, 433
Penal Laws, 37, 41, 42, 123, 400
Reformation, the, 35
Republic of Ireland, 9
Restoration period, 39, 87, 115, 227, 299
seventeenth century, 34
linguistic legacy, 40
Statutes of Kilkenny, 33
timeline, 419
Tudor attitudes to Ireland, 34
Ulster
defeat of native leaders, 87
general, 85
Irish in province and Scotland, 86
mid seventeenth century, 90
name, 85
plantations, 5, 11, 32, 35, 87, 88, 89
attitudes to these, 89
seventeenth-century demography, 91
Irish language, 145
nominal area
demonstrative pronouns, 154
Irish language (cont.)
determiners, 153
nouns, 153
personal pronouns, 154
stressed reflexives, 154
prepositional area, 155
sentence structure
augmenting negatives, 159
comparatives, 159
embedded questions, 160
negation, 158
relativisation, 156
responsives, 159
subordination, 157
topicalisation, 157
verbal area, 147
aspect, 148
non-finite verb forms, 147
passive, 151
perfect and perfective, 149
question tags, 152
tense, 147
Irish English (early modern)
printing in Ireland, 35
Tudor period, 34
Irish society
Catholics, 10, 11, 16, 19, 20, 26, 32, 33, 34, 39, 42, 43, 45, 46, 89, 90, 92, 93, 100, 112, 113, 115, 123, 310, 332, 338, 344, 350, 391, 392, 398, 399, 400, 402, 404, 409, 417
middle class, 4, 9, 13, 21, 23, 26, 43, 113, 310, 336, 344, 350, 369, 394
Presbyterians, 11, 42, 92, 93, 434
working class, 392
Irish traveller language, 379
diaspora varieties, 383
linguistic status, 381
organisational principle, 382
origins, 380
relationship to Romani, 380
research, 380
selected lexical items, 383
Shelta, 381, 434
numbers of speakers, 381
social position, 379
Italian, 402
Tuscan, 322
Latin, 31, 50, 54, 60, 86, 266, 345, 346, 368, 369, 433
Latvian, 377, 379
New Englishes, 128
Nigerian, 376, 377
Yoruba, 377, 378
Ocracoke Brogue, 7, 431
Poles, 29, 377, 379
Polish, 377, 402
Russian, 102, 145, 377, 379
Scandinavian
Old Norse, 7, 33, 51, 129, 130
Scottish English and Scots
Lowland Scots, 97, 103, 107, 108, 109, 333, 401, 434
Scottish Standard English, 103
Scottish Vowel Length Rule, 105, 397
Slavic, 192, 377, 378
Swedish, 102
Ulster English, 1, 2, 12, 77, 99, 105, 108, 132, 143, 174, 231, 321, 333, 335, 337, 342, 351, 390, 396, 397, 406
Anglo-English, 6
contact varieties, 5, 94
denominational differences, 112
recall in speech, 113
general, 95, 110, 114, 122
grammar, 119
‘quantifier floating’, 119
intonation, 118
mid Ulster English, 6, 93
north–south transition, 113
phonology, 114
consonants, 114
vowels, 116
relationship to other varieties of English, 111
shared features with southern Irish English, 120
south Ulster English, 93
types of English in Ulster, 94
Ulster Scots, xiii, xix, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 15, 16, 23, 38, 40, 43, 77, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 111, 122, 143, 165, 172, 181, 191, 196, 206, 230, 233, 244, 250, 254, 279, 290, 291, 305, 321, 328, 330, 333, 334, 337, 344, 351, 370, 385, 387, 388, 395, 396, 397, 399, 401, 403, 404, 406, 407, 431, 433
‘Cultural Zone’, 103
areas of settlement, 97
Ulster Scots (cont.)
attestations, 99
conservative varieties, 104
consonants, 108
delimiting it from other varieties, 103
general, 96
grammar, 108
‘punctual whenever’, 109
parts of verbs, 108
historical vowel changes, 107
lexicography, 99
linguistic status, 101
literature, 100
numbers of speakers, 98
official bodies, 101
official recognition, 96
orthography, 103
reflexes of Middle English sounds, 106
regional differences, 107
revival, 100
thon and thonder, 109
verbal concord, 109
vocabulary, 110
vowel length, 105
West African Pidgin English, 377, 378
Adams, George Brendan, 2, 5, 6, 87, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101, 108, 110, 111, 114, 124, 362, 370, 388
Adams, Michael, 368
Adamson, Ian, 86
Addison, Joseph, 260
Adrian IV, Pope (Nicholas Breakspear), 30
Ahlqvist, Anders, 157, 369
Aitken, Adam J., 104, 105
Akenson, Donald, 402, 414, 417
Aldus, Judith Butler, 2
Algeo, John, 76, 304, 400, 404
Allsopp, Richard, 412
Altendorf, Ulrike, 360
Anderwald, Lieselotte, 183, 185, 269
Andrews, John, 32
Ascham, Roger, 229
Aubrey, Gwynn, 411
Auer, Peter, 162
Auwera, Johan van der, 218
Bacon, Sir Francis, 88
Bailey, Charles-James N., 410
Bailey, Guy, 386, 388
Bailey, Nathan, 313
Bailyn, Bernard, 399
Baker, Philip, 285
Baker, Sidney John, 23, 414
Ball, F. E., 83
Ball, Martin, 117, 146, 323
Banim, John and Michael, 138, 172, 203, 219, 223, 224, 225, 227, 249, 256, 258, 263, 302, 311
Barber, Charles, 134, 389
Bardon, Jonathan, 36, 39, 40, 85, 86, 87, 91, 93, 228, 332, 400
Barlow, John, 381
Barnard, Toby C., 39
Barnes, William, 67, 72, 74, 75, 80, 81, 124, 370
Barron, Anne, 370, 374
Barry, Michael, 2, 43, 94, 114, 117, 118
Barry, Terry, 32
Bartley, John Oliver, 200, 297
Bauer, Laurie, 239, 305
Beal, Joan C., 44, 186, 191, 240, 254, 260, 276, 279, 384, 391, 394, 395, 396, 401
Beecher, Sean, 23
Behan, Brendan, 184, 241, 265, 272, 311
Behn, Aphra, 262
Beier, A. Lee, 414
Bell, Barbara, 376
Benskin, Michael, 54
Bergin, Osborn, 7, 366
Berkeley, George, 41
Berndt, Rolf, 58
Bernstein, Cynthia, 401
Bertz, Siegfried, 318, 350
Bhaldraithe, Tomás de, 78, 292, 308, 350
Biggar, J. J., 334
Binchy, Alice, 381, 383
Binnick, Robert I., 233
Blank, Paula, 385
Blethen, Tyler, 401
Blevins, Juliette, 318
Bliss, Alan J., 2, 4, 12, 24, 37, 39, 45, 52, 55, 68, 69, 83, 84, 122, 127, 200, 201, 214, 274, 279, 296, 316, 326, 347, 352, 366, 370
Blunt, Jerry, 299
Bobda, Augustin Simo, 390
Bock, Kathryn, 181
Boorde, Andrew, 10
Boran, Pat, 346
Börjars, Kersti, 109, 180
Borsley, Robert, 145
Boucicault, Dion, 204, 207, 225, 227, 240, 241, 243, 244, 246, 249, 265, 272, 277, 301, 302, 303, 310, 311, 375
Bowen, Elizabeth, 43, 305
Boycott, Captain Charles, 367
Boylan, Henry, 232
Braaten, Björn, 127
Bradley, David, 415
Bradley, James, 362
Brady, Joseph, 345
Braidwood, John, 99, 110, 298, 362, 370
Breatnach, Risteard B., 308
Breeze, Andrew, 363
Breval, John Durant, 200
Brinsley, John, 257
Brinton, Laurel, 374
Britain, David, 182
Britton, Derek, 55
Brorström, Sverker, 197
Brown, Penelope, 372
Browne, Kathleen A., 71
Bruce, Edward, 50
Bruce, Robert, 50
Burke, Edmund, 41
Burke, William, 175, 253, 297, 298
Burney, Fanny, 301
Burns, Robert, 100
Burrow, George, 381
Burrowes, Audrey, 412
Butlin, Robin A., 51
Butters, Ronald R., 387, 399, 401, 402
Bybee, Joan, 192
Byrne, Joseph, 92
Cahill, Edward, 31, 33, 50, 52, 69
Cairns, Edward, 113
Calvin, John, 92
Cambrensis, Giraldus, 19, 30, 49, 50
Campbell, Alastair, 60
Campbell, Lyle, 129, 289
Campbell, Peter F., 412
Canny, Nicholas, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 88, 89, 90, 91, 200
Carleton, William, 20, 44, 100, 134, 172, 184, 203, 219, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 230, 240, 241, 243, 246, 248, 256, 257, 258, 259, 263, 267, 268, 270, 277, 301, 302, 303, 305, 311
Carolan, Turlogh, 41
Carroll, Susan, 407
Cassidy, Frederic G., 411
Centlivre, Susanne, 200
Chambers, J. K., 329, 335, 409
Chapman, Carol, 109, 180
Cheshire, Jenny L., 135, 173, 224
Chichester, Lord Deputy, 88
Chichester, Sir Arthur, 332
Christensen, Lis, 370
Christian Brothers, The, 146, 147, 152, 277
Christian, Donna, 401
Clark, James M., 369, 370
Clark, Paul Odell, 370
Clarke, Howard, 40, 89, 346
Clarke, Sandra, 12, 232, 386, 407, 408, 409
Clarkson, Leslie A., 47
Clyne, Michael, 162
Coggle, Paul, 360
Comrie, Bernard, 194, 195
Congreve, William, 249, 272, 300
Corbyn, Charles Adam, 415, 416
Corkery, Daniel, 41
Corrigan, Karen, 2, 4, 25, 85, 93, 94, 95, 108, 122, 127, 138, 161, 181, 186, 228, 230, 232, 261, 262, 273, 279, 285, 394, 404
Cosgrove, Art, 51
Cox, Richard A. V., 206
Crawford, E. Margaret, 391
Croker, T. Crofton, 54
Cromwell, Oliver, 37, 39, 87, 385, 410, 411
Cronin, Michael, 8, 169
Crowley, Tony, 10, 21, 33
Crozier, Alan, 95, 401
Cruttenden, Alan, 14, 119, 316
Cubberley, Paul, 192
Cukor-Avila, Patricia, 176
Cullen, Louis, 39, 399
Curtis, Edmund, 33, 52, 56, 67, 69, 346
D’Arcy, Alex, 355, 408
Dahl, Östen, 192, 193, 194, 213
Dailey-O’Cain, Jennifer, 376
Dal, Ingerid, 127
Daly, Mary, 310
Davis, Graham, 391, 392, 405
Davis, Stuart, 405
de Fréine, Séamus, 46, 48, 165
Deane, Seamus, 49
Defoe, Daniel, 270, 300
Denison, David, 218, 280, 289
Dent, Sarah, 346
Denvir, John, 390
Depraetere, Ilse, 151
Devine, Thomas M., 391
Dietrich, Julia C., 281, 402
Dillard, Joey Lee, 407
Dillon, Myles, 151
Dolan, Terence, 11, 34, 49, 67, 69, 74, 80, 81, 187, 258, 314, 362, 365, 366, 368, 370, 429
Dolley, Michael, 31
Douglas-Cowie, Ellen, 339
Dowling, Patrick J., 44, 45, 124, 310
Drennan, William, 369
Dubois, Sylvie, 318
Dudley Edwards, Ruth, 35, 47, 50, 52, 88, 350, 384, 385, 391, 403, 404
Duffy, Sean, 35, 36, 46, 47, 86, 90, 399
Duggan, G. C., 297, 299
Dunn, Richard S., 411
Dunton, John, 258, 267
Dürer, Albrecht, 385
Duriez, B., 113
Eagleton, Terry, 21
Eckhardt, Eduard, 297
Edgeworth, Maria, 172, 222, 223, 224, 227, 240, 249, 256, 263, 264, 268, 302, 303, 366
Eitner, Walter H., 401
Ekwall, Eilert, 389
Ellegård, Alvar, 218
Ellis, Alexander J., 349
Elworthy, Frederic T., 216, 218, 280, 413
English monarchs
Charles I, 90
Elizabeth I, 7, 35
Henry II, 30, 31, 50, 346
Henry VIII, 11, 20, 32, 34, 35, 36
James I, 87, 89
James II, 20, 40, 84
John, 31, 32, 346
Richard II, 32
Tudors, 86
William III, 37, 40
Eska, Joseph, 323
Fabricius, Anne, 317, 361
Fallows, Deborah, 78
Farquhar, George, 262, 263, 267, 300, 310
Farr, Fiona, 373
Feagin, Crawford, 401, 406
Fennell, Barbara A., 401
Fenton, James, 99, 362, 370
Ferrara, Kathleen, 376
Fielding, Henry, 300
Fife, James, 146
Filppula, Markku, xiv, xx, 2, 4, 25, 121, 127, 130, 137, 138, 149, 155, 161, 165, 167, 169, 173, 177, 180, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 201, 205, 206, 208, 211, 212, 214, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 243, 245, 246, 247, 251, 253, 261, 263, 265, 266, 267, 268, 271, 275, 279, 283, 286, 287, 292
Fisiak, Jacek, 59, 75
Fitzgerald, Garret, 48
Fitzgerald, James, 202
Fitzherbert, Anthony, 229
Fitzpatrick, David, 140, 242, 390, 414, 416
Flanagan, Deirdre, 51, 95
Flanagan, Lawrence, 95
Fletcher, Alan J., 55
Fogg, Peter Walkdenn, 179
Foster, Roy F., 34, 35, 39, 42, 88, 89, 400
Foster, Tony, 137, 210
Fowkes, Robert A., 10, 384
Fowler, William, 230
Francke, Seán, 35
Franz, Wilhelm, 210
Geipel, John, 33, 85
Genet, Jacqueline, 42
Gerald the Rhymer, 51
Gerrard, Lord Chancellor William, 34
Gilley, Sheridan, 390, 402
Godfrey, Elizabeth, 180
Goldsmith, Oliver, 270, 300
Gordon, Elizabeth, 278, 417, 418
Görlach, Manfred, 6, 96, 101, 102, 370
Grabe, Esther, 119
Graham, Brian, 345, 346
Gray, Peter, 47
Green, Lisa J., 77, 177, 384, 405, 406
Greene, David, 60, 146, 149, 151, 159, 160, 193, 198, 200, 207, 208, 286
Gregg, Robert, 5, 86, 90, 95, 97, 98, 99, 101, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 335, 409
Gregory, Lady Augusta, 8, 169, 204, 225, 241, 264, 277, 278, 311
Gregory, Pope XVI, 402
Griffin, Gerald, 172, 203, 219, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 263, 289
Guilfoyle, Eithne, 218, 220, 221, 222
Guinnane, Timothy W., 47
Guy, Gregory R., 38, 51, 130, 137, 367
Häcker, Martina, 261
Halliwell, Joseph, 54
Hamp, Eric, 399
Hancock, Ian, 381, 410, 411
Händel, Georg Friedrich, 41
Handler, Jerome S., 412
Harkness, David, 51
Harlowe, Thomas V., 412
Harper, Jared, 383
Harris, John, 2, 3, 5, 6, 91, 103, 104, 115, 117, 118, 119, 124, 127, 128, 136, 149, 151, 161, 186, 193, 194, 211, 218, 220, 221, 222, 227, 228, 239, 254, 256, 271, 279, 335, 341, 388, 399
Harris, Rita-Ann, 390
Hart, Henry Chichester, 94
Hartley, Sue, 361
Hartog, Marcus, 2
Haugen, Einar, 26, 312
Hayden, Mary, 2
Hayes-McCoy, Gerard A., 34
Heine, Bernd, 127, 281, 282, 283, 289
Heinrick, Hugh, 390
Henry, Alison, 2, 110, 181, 187, 274, 333
Henry, Patrick Leo, 2, 3, 4, 24, 53, 55, 58, 61, 64, 114, 127, 168, 200, 226, 346, 369
Hermkens, Hendrikus, 69
Herrmann, Tanja, 260
Heslinga, Marcus W., 87
Heuser, Wilhelm, 49, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 67, 70, 71, 228, 426, 427, 428
Hewitt, John Harold, 100
Hey, David, 391
Hickey, Raymond, xiv, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 29, 33, 39, 40, 51, 53, 55, 56, 60, 61, 62, 66, 71, 77, 80, 83, 93, 96, 100, 102, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 123, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 138, 155, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 179, 180, 193, 194, 197, 202, 211, 213, 214, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 229, 240, 263, 278, 281, 284, 286, 291, 292, 303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 316, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 326, 341, 344, 346, 349, 353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 360, 363, 370, 373, 387, 388, 393, 398, 405, 408, 409, 411, 413, 415, 416, 417, 418
Hickman, Mary J., 390
Hindley, Reg, 47, 122
Hoffman, Charlotte, 121
Hoffman, Sebastian, 276
Hogan, James Jeremiah, 2, 7, 49, 54, 56, 67, 68, 69, 80, 84, 316, 345, 346, 352, 353, 369
Holinshed, Raphael, 20, 68
Holm, John, 115, 127, 284, 285, 406, 410, 411, 412
Holthausen, Friedrich, 55
Honeybone, Patrick, 392
Hope, Jonathan, 298
Hore, Herbert, 67
Horvath, Barbara, 318, 415
House, John W., 394
Howell, Wilbur Samuel, 44
Huber, Magnus, 285, 377
Hudson, Charles, 383
Hume, Abraham, 143
Hurston, Zora Neale, 177
Hyde, Douglas, 8
Ihalainen, Ossi, 124, 170, 175, 408
Irwin, Patrick J., 54, 55, 298
Isaac, Graham, 127
Jackson, Kenneth, 82
Jahr, Ernst Håkon, 383
Jake, Janice L., 162
Jarman, E., 14
Jespersen, Otto, 63, 261
Johnson, Ruth, 346
Jones, Daniel, 13
Jones, Mark J., 393
Jonson, Ben, 297, 385
Jordan, Richard, 63, 72
Joyce, James, 370
Joyce, Patrick Weston, 23, 109, 175, 179, 232, 261, 305, 306, 312, 353, 369
Kallen, Jeffrey, 2, 5, 25, 27, 93, 96, 101, 113, 122, 124, 138, 143, 149, 161, 193, 194, 201, 202, 203, 218, 220, 221, 222, 279, 284, 285, 287, 323, 370, 371, 373, 374
Kaufman, Terence, 5, 38, 122, 123, 131, 291
Kautzsch, Alexander, 176
Keating, Geoffrey, 40
Keller, Wolfgang, 127
Kelly, Anne, 219
Kelly, Patricia, 200, 296
Kennedy, Liam, 47
Kerswill, Paul, 12, 313, 355, 393, 394
Kiberd, Declan, 299
Kinealy, Christine, 403
Kingsmore, Rona, 2, 12, 13, 16, 99, 115, 116, 307, 344, 345
Kinsella, Thomas, 41
Kipling, Rudyard, 301
Kirk, John M., 2, 25, 27, 93, 95, 97, 109, 112, 115, 226, 228, 229, 230, 286, 371, 380, 406, 407, 410
Kirwin, William J., 3, 12, 408
Kjellmer, Göran, 261
Klemola, Juhani, 127, 180, 218, 221
Kniezsa, Veronika, 299
Knowles, Gerald O., 392
Knowles, James Sheridan, 300
König, Ekkehard, 287
Kosok, Heinz, 55, 299
Kretzschmar, William A., 398
Kroch, Anthony S., 218
Kurath, Hans, 63
Kuteva, Tania, 127, 281, 282, 283, 289
Labov, William, 96, 130, 255, 314, 344, 387
Laferriere, Martha, 405
Lalor, Brian, 35
Langford, T., 257
Lass, Roger, 104, 124, 132, 173, 306, 326, 367, 386, 388, 389, 399, 401
Lawrence, Helen, 260
Le Page, Robert B., 411
Legge, M. Dominica, 49
Leland, Charles, 381
Lennon, Colm, 20
Leuvensteijn, Arjan van, 218
Levinson, Stephen C., 372
Lillo, Antonio, 296
Littlefield, Daniel C., 410
Llamas, Carmen, 384, 393, 394
Loebell, Helga, 180
Long, Daniel, 145, 306, 389
Long, Joseph, 49, 52
Lord Grey de Wilton, 36
Loscombe, C. W., 54
Lover, Samuel, 223, 300
Lowry, Orla, 119, 371
Lowth, Robert, 44, 260, 270
Lucas, Angela, 49, 54, 55, 65
Lucas, Peter, 49, 54
Luick, Karl, 60, 62
Lunney, Linde, 93
Lunny, Patrick Anthony, 353
Lydon, James, 33, 40, 49, 50, 52, 90, 123
Lynch, Captain William, 367
Mac Giolla Chríost, Diarmait, 225
Mac Mathúna, Liam, 347
Mac Mathúna, Séamus, 27
Macafee, Caroline, 19, 99, 112, 240, 258, 362, 370, 396, 397
Macalister, R. A. Stewart, 380, 381, 382
MacAulay, Donald, 146, 206
MacCurtain, Hugh, 204
MacCurtain, Margaret, 35
MacEoin, Gearóid, 146
Maclennan, Malcolm, 205
MacLysaght, Edward, 368
MacMahon, Michael K. C., 350
MacMurrough, Dermot, 30, 49
MacNiece, Louis, 42
MacRaild, Donald H., 390
Mahon, Elli, 219
Majewicz, Elżbieta, 281
Major, Roy Coleman, 142
Mannion, John, 408
Marshall, William Humphrey, 175
Martin, Francis Xavier, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 345, 346
Martin, Stefan, 401
Martinet, André, 322
Matras, Yaron, 380
Matthews, William, 388
Maturin, Charles, 300
McArthur, Tom, 4, 397
McCafferty, Kevin, 2, 25, 85, 109, 117, 128, 138, 159, 161, 181, 201, 203, 226, 227, 279, 305, 343, 384
McCann, May, 380
McCarthy, Cormac, 7
McCarthy-Morrogh, Michael, 36, 37
McCawley, James, 149, 193, 194
McClenaghan, Paul, 342
McCloskey, James, 119, 245, 274, 276
McClure, J. Derrick, 388, 397, 401
McCone, Kim, 146
McElholm, Dermot D., 119, 343
McGuire, Desmond, 350
McIntosh, Agnus, 49, 52, 54, 55
McWhorter, John H., 126
Mencken, Henry L., 23
Merriman, Brian, 41
Mesthrie, Rajend, 126, 390
Meyer, Kuno, 381
Michelburne, John, 200, 220, 224, 229, 301
Migge, Bettina, 126
Millar, Sharon, 22, 342, 343
Miller, Jim, 178, 398, 401, 415
Miller, Kerby, 167, 399, 400, 401, 404, 405
Milroy, James, xiii, xix, 1, 2, 6, 95, 98, 110, 165, 310, 312, 314, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 351, 361, 402
Milroy, Lesley, xiii, xix, 1, 6, 310, 335, 336, 338, 340, 342, 355, 361, 402
Minkova, Donka, 62, 64
Mishoe, Margaret, 390, 401
Mitchell, A. G., 345, 415
Mittendorf, Ingo, 127
Moerenhout, Mike, 210
Molière, 8
Molin, Donald H., 299
Montgomery, Michael, 2, 5, 25, 85, 86, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 112, 115, 167, 179, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 238, 254, 281, 286, 389, 390, 395, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 407, 409, 410
Moody, Theodore W., 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 89, 345, 346
Moore, Desmond F., 31, 345, 346
Morash, Christopher, 299, 300
Morgan, Lady, 10
Mossé, Ferdinand, 305
Moylan, Séamus, 370
Mufwene, Salikoko, 125, 285, 413
Mugglestone, Lynda, 322
Murphy, Colin, 23
Murphy, Gerard, 7, 366
Mustanoja, Tauno F., 180
Myers-Scotton, Carol, 126, 162
Myhill, John, 406
Nagle, Stephen J., 109, 390
Neal, Frank, 46, 391
Nevalainen, Terttu, 126, 218, 239
Newbrook, Mark, 415
Ní Bhroiméil, Úna, 404
Ní Shuinéar, Sinéad, 381
Nic Craith, Mairéad, 96, 100
Nilsen, Kenneth E., 404, 405
Nord, Deborah Epstein, 381
Nurmi, Arja, 218
Ó Baoill, Dónall, 63, 114, 353, 380, 381, 382
Ó Corráin, Ailbhe, 146, 198, 199, 200, 201
Ó Cuilleanáin, Cormac, 8
Ó Cuív, Brian, 33, 42, 47, 122, 225, 292, 308
Ó Dochartaigh, Cathair, 95, 146
Ó Dónaill, Niall, 255, 277, 368
Ó Gráda, Cormac, 403
Ó Háinle, Cathal, 42, 347
Ó hEodhasa, Bonaventura, 200
Ó Máille, Tomás, 232
Ó Maoláin, Séamus, 168, 321
Ó Muirithe, Diarmuid, 23, 67, 69, 74, 80, 81, 370, 429
Ó Neachtain, Seán, 42, 347
Ó Riagáin, Pádraig, 22
Ó Sé, Diarmuid, 134, 146, 148, 150, 151, 198, 199, 200, 201, 204, 207, 325
Ó Siadhail, Mícheál, 146, 159
Ó Síocháin, Séamus, 380
Ó Súilleabháin, Muiris, 153
Ó Tuama, Seán, 41
O’Brien, Edna, 399
O’Callaghan, Sean, 411
O’Casey, Sean, 134, 166, 178, 180, 184, 227, 240, 241, 249, 265, 270, 272, 273, 277, 302, 311, 375
O’Connell, Daniel, 20, 46, 310, 404
O’Connor, Kevin, 390
O’Connor, Rory, 31, 346
O’Dea, Donal, 23
O’Donovan, John, 204, 226, 232
O’Dowd, Anne, 391
O’Dowd, Mary, 51
O’Farrell, Padraic, 2
O’Hara, Kean, 216
O’Hehir, Brendan, 370
O’Keefe, Anne, 373
O’Keefe, John, 300
O’Leary, Paul, 391
O’Malley Madec, Mary, 127, 292, 364
O’Meara, John J., 30
O’More, Rory, 90
O’Neill, Hugh, 36, 87
O’Neill, Phelim, 90
O’Rahilly, Cecile, 48
O’Rahilly, Thomas Francis, 4, 67, 80, 86, 95, 114, 199, 204, 353, 392
O’Rourke, Tiernán, 30
O’Sullivan, Patrick, 414
Odlin, Terence, 122, 125, 159
Oftedal, Magne, 322
Ogura, Mieko, 218
Onions, Charles T., 61, 71
Orpen, Goddard Henry, 49
Orr, James, 100
Ossory-Fitzpatrick, Samuel A., 345
Otway-Ruthven, Annette Jocelyn, 51
Owens, Elizabeth, 112
Padolsky, Enoch, 407
Palmer, Patricia, 10, 19, 20, 32, 34
Pandeli, Helen, 323
Pargman, Sheri, 406
Patterson, David, 333, 334, 349
Paulasto, Heli, 127
Pedersen, Holger, 56
Pepys, Samuel, 262
Philemon Holland, 10
Phillipson, Robert, 96
Picton, J. A., 67
Pietsch, Lukas, 110, 128, 180
Pitkänen, Heli, 127
Polenz, Peter von, 156, 248
Poole, Jacob, 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 80, 81, 83
Poplack, Shana, 162, 182
Poppe, Erich, 127
Poussa, Patricia, 127
Poynings, Sir Edward, 34
Pringle, Ian, 407
Prins, Anton, 63, 73
Przedlacka, Joanna, 360
Pyles, Thomas, 76, 304
Rahilly, Joan, 2, 117, 118, 119, 323
Randolph, Thomas, 228, 267
Rankin, Deana, 34
Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena, 126, 218, 239
Reed, Susan, 151
Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare (Strongbow), 30, 33, 49
Rickford, John, 1, 4, 40, 176, 177, 406, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414
Rickford, John R., 8
Risk, Henry, 33, 49, 51
Ritt, Nikolaus, 62
Roberts, Ian, 145, 180
Robinson, Philip, 2, 88, 89, 91, 93, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 181, 281
Rohlfs, Gerhard, 322
Romaine, Suzanne, 121
Ronan, Patricia, 194, 261
Rooney, Anne, 371
Rosch, Eleanor H., 286
Rosewarne, David, 360
Ross, Bianca, 121
Ross, Gary, 386, 388
Ross, Malcolm, 130
Rothwell, William, 50
Rottet, Kevin J., 294
Ruane, Joseph, 380
Russell, Charles W., 67, 71
Rydén, Mats, 197
Sabban, Annette, 127, 174, 205, 206, 212, 244, 250, 253, 276
Sammon, Paddy, 367
Sampson, John, 381
Samuels, Michael, 49, 52, 54, 55, 310
Sand, Andrea, 251
Sangster, Catherine M., 392
Sarsfield, Patrick, 37
Scargill, Matthew Henry, 409
Schendl, Herbert, 179
Schilling-Estes, Natalie, 7, 184, 185, 307, 387, 389, 401, 402
Schlüter, Julia, 322
Schneider, Edgar, 298, 410
Schneider, Klaus, 370, 374
Schreier, Daniel, 145, 182, 306, 359, 389
Scott-Thomas, Lois M., 370
Scragg, Donald L., 58, 75
Seppänen, Aimo, 261
Shadwell, Thomas, 200
Shakespeare, William, 7, 137, 210, 261, 297, 298, 385
Share, Bernard, 23, 362, 370
Shaw, George Bernard, 8, 301, 311, 398
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 19, 41, 44, 228, 229, 249, 272, 300, 347
Sheridan, Thomas, 41, 43, 44, 106, 117, 270, 298, 300, 304, 310, 313, 315, 334, 347, 348, 349, 350, 397
Shields, Hugh, 49
Shorrocks, Graham, 186
Siemund, Peter, 128
Simms, Anngret, 345
Singler, John V., 182
Skea, Margaret, 98
Skelton, John, 7
Skene, John, 230
Smart, Benjamin H., 7
Smith, Jennifer, 176, 183, 260, 273
Smollett, Tobias, 300
Sommerfelt, Alf, 33, 82
Spenser, Edmund, 20, 34, 36
Stalmaszczyk, Piotr, 366
Stanihurst, Richard, 20, 51, 68, 83
Stapleton, Karyn, 103
Steele, Robert, 49
Stenson, Nancy, 25, 51, 151, 292, 294
Stewart, Thomas W., 51
Strang, Barbara, 299
Stuart-Smith, Jane, 397
Sullivan, James, 296
Swift, Jonathan, 7, 37, 41, 42, 44, 270, 299, 347
Swift, Roger, 390
Synge, John Millington, 166, 172, 204, 225, 227, 241, 248, 249, 264, 265, 272, 273, 277, 311, 370
Tagliamonte, Sali, 176, 180, 182, 183, 260, 273, 306, 386
Taniguchi, Jiro, 133, 134, 159, 258
Taubman, Francis, 83
Taylor, Brian, 411, 415
Taylor, John R., 286
Temple, Rosalind, 306
Ternes, Elmar, 322
Thomason, Sarah G., 5, 38, 122, 123, 126, 131, 291
Thomson, Robert L., 86
Thurneysen, Rudolf, 57, 60
Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid, 44, 178, 218, 270
Tilling, Philip, 94
Todd, Loreto, 4, 6, 12, 99, 110, 111, 112, 124, 203, 343, 367, 370
Tottie, Gunnel, 276, 399
Traugott, Elizabeth, 227, 228, 287, 406
Traynor, Michael, 94, 362
Tristram, Hildegard, 5, 214
Trotter, David A., 49
Trudgill, Peter, 126, 145, 194, 240, 306, 386, 387, 388, 389, 401, 415
Upton, Clive, 77, 78, 394, 396
Vallancey, Charles, 66, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 80, 83, 204
Vennemann, Theo, 130, 141
Veselinović, Elvira, 294
Vising, Johann, 49
Visser, Fredericus Th., 137, 275, 286
Visser, Gerard J., 127
Wagner, Heinrich, 63, 94, 95, 130, 292, 353
Wagner, Paul, 401
Wagner, Susanne, 175
Wakelin, Martyn F., 69, 77, 79, 218, 387, 389
Wal, Marijke van der, 218
Walker, John, 44, 312, 313, 315
Wall, Richard, 370
Wallace, Martin, 345
Walton, Izaak, 229
Wang, William, 311
Waterhouse, Osborn, 346
Watson, Seosamh, 205
Watt, John, 50
Webster, Noah, 179
Wells, John C., 57, 77, 118, 316, 317, 318, 320, 325, 326, 327, 360, 361, 386, 392, 410
Weltens, Bert, 218
Wentworth, Viscount Thomas, 90
Weɫ na, Jerzy, 65, 71
Widdowson, John D., 77, 78, 394, 396
Wijk, Nicolaus van, 69
Williams, Ann, 313, 393, 394
Williams, Jeffrey P., 145, 306, 389
Willis, J. T., 393
Wilson, John, 103
Winford, Donald, 125, 126, 132, 285, 410, 413
Wise, Claude Merton, 299
Wolfram, Walt, 7, 184, 185, 276, 387, 389, 401, 402
Wood, Curtis, 401
Woodham-Smith, Cecil, 46
Wright, Joseph, 126
Wright, Susan, 10, 23, 38
Wright, Thomas, 54
Wurff, Wim van der, 137, 210
Wyld, Henry Cecil, 63, 116, 307
Zettersten, Arne, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63