ART IN ATHENS DURING THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

This book examines the effects of the Peloponnesian War on the art of Athens and the historical and artistic contexts in which this art was produced. During this period, battle scenes dominated much of the monumental art and large numbers of memorials to the war dead were erected. The temple of Athena Nike, built to celebrate Athenian victories in the first part of the war, carries a rich sculptural program illustrating military victories. For the first time, the arts in Athens expressed an interest in the afterlife, with many sculptured dedications to Demeter and Kore, who promised initiates special privileges in the underworld. Not surprisingly, there were also dedications to healer gods. After the Sicilian disaster, a retrospective tendency can be noted in both art and politics that provided reassurance in a time of crisis. Bringing together essays by an international team of art historians and historians, this is the first book to focus on the new themes and new kinds of art introduced in Athens as a result of the thirty-year war.

Olga Palagia is Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Athens, Greece. A member of the Committee for the Restoration of the Acropolis Monuments, an honorary member of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, London, and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, among many other distinctions, she is the editor, most recently, of Greek Sculpture: Function, Materials, and Techniques in the Archaic and Classical Periods.

OLGA PALAGIA

University of Athens, Greece

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First published 2009

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Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication dataArt in Athens during the Peloponnesian War / edited by Olga Palagia.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-521-84933-3 (hardback)1. Art, Greek – Greece – Athens – Themes, motives. 2. Greece – History – Peloponnesian War,431–404 B.C. – Art and the war. I. Palagia, Olga. II. Title.N5650.A78 2009709.38′5 – dc22 2008031147

ISBN 978-0-521-84933-3 hardback

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Contents

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

Brian Bosworth is Professor of Ancient History, Macquarie University, Australia. He has worked and published in ancient historiography of all periods, with special emphasis on Alexander the Great and his immediate successors. His publications include A Historical Commentary of Arrian's History of Alexander (1980, 1995), Conquest and Empire, The Reign of Alexander the Great (1988), Alexander and the East. The Tragedy of Triumph (1996), and The Legacy of Alexander. Politics, Warfare and Propaganda under the Successors (2002).

Kevin Clinton is Professor of Classics at Cornell University and Chairman of the Managing Committee of the American Research Center in Sofia. His research has concentrated on Greek religion (especially mystery cult), literature, and epigraphy. His books include The Sacred Officials of the Eleusinian Mysteries (1974), Myth and Cult: The Iconography of the Eleusinian Mysteries (1992, the publication of the 1990 M. P. Nilsson Lectures), and Eleusis. The Inscriptions on Stone. Documents of the Sanctuary of the Two Goddesses and the Public Documents of the Deme I, Texts (2005).

Michael A. Flower is Senior Research Scholar in the Department of Classics at Princeton University. He is a specialist in Greek history, historiography, and religion. In addition to articles on a wide range of topics, he is the author of Theopompus of Chios. History and Rhetoric in the Fourth Century B.C. (1994), Herodotus, Histories, Book IX (with John Marincola, Cambridge University Press, 2002), The Seer in Ancient Greece (2008), and co-editor (with Mark Toher) of Georgica: Greek Studies in Honour of George Cawkwell (1991). His current project is a book on Xenophon's Anabasis in the series Oxford Approaches to Classical Literature.

Hans Rupprecht Goette is Professor of Classical Archaeology at the German Archaeological Institute in Berlin and the University of Giessen (Germany). He has done extensive surveys in Greece and has excavated on Aigina. He has published on Greek and Roman portrait sculpture and on ancient Greek topography and architecture. His publications include Studien zu römischen Togadarstellungen (1989), Ho axiologos demos Sounion (2000), Athens, Attica and the Megarid: An Archaeological Guide (2001), and several co-authored books on Attic sites, such as Marathon and the Cave of Pan at Vari. He also edited Ancient Roads in Greece. Proceedings of a Symposium at Athens,

Lisa Kallet is Cawkwell Fellow and Tutor of Ancient History, University College, and CUF Lecturer at Oxford University. Her research specialities focus on Greek historiography, Athens and its empire, Athenian democracy, and Attic epigraphy. Her publications include Money, Expense and Naval Power in Thucydides’ History, 1–5.24 (1993) and Money and the Corrosion of Power in Thucydides: The Sicilian Expedition and its Aftermath (2001).

Carol L. Lawton is Professor of Art History and Ottilia Buerger Professor of Classical Studies at Lawrence University at Appleton, Wisconsin. She is a specialist in Greek sculpture and the author of numerous articles on Attic votive and document reliefs. Her publications include Attic Document Reliefs: Art and Politics in Ancient Athens (1995) and Marbleworkers in the Athenian Agora (2006).

John H. Oakley is Chancellor Professor and Forrest D. Murden, Jr. Professor at the College of William and Mary in Virginia. He has served as the Andrew W. Mellon Professor at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens and been the recipient of fellowships from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. A scholar of Greek painting, he has published numerous books and articles, including monographs on The Phiale Painter (1990) and The Achilles Painter (1997), in addition to a volume of the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum for the Walters Art Gallery (1992). He is the co-author of The Wedding in Ancient Athens (1993) and the exhibition catalogue Coming of Age in Ancient Greece: Images of Childhood from the Classical Past (2003). His most recent book is Picturing Death in Classical Athens: The Evidence of the White Lekythoi (Cambridge University Press, 2004).

Olga Palagia is Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Athens, and a member of the Committee for the Restoration of the Acropolis Monuments of the Greek Ministry of Culture. She is a specialist in Greek sculpture and has published extensively on a wide range of Greek art topics, including the Parthenon sculptures and the wall-paintings in Vergina. She has also co-edited a series of conference proceedings. Her publications include Personal Styles in Greek Sculpture (edited for Cambridge University Press, with J. J. Pollitt, 1996), The Macedonians in Athens 322–229 B.C. (edited, with Stephen Tracy, 2003), Ludwig Ross und Griechenland (edited, with Hans R. Goette, 2005), Greek Sculpture: Function, Materials and Techniques

Peter Schultz is Professor of Art History at The Concordia College. He has held advanced fellowships from the Fulbright Foundation, the A. G. Leventis Foundation, and the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. He is the author of several articles on Athenian art and topography and co-editor of Aspects of Ancient Greek Cult: Ritual, Context, Iconography (2008) and Early Hellenistic Portraiture: Image, Style, Context (Cambridge University Press, 2007).

H. A. Shapiro is the W. H. Collins Vickers Professor of Archaeology at The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He is a specialist in Greek iconography, vase-painting, and religion, and he is the author of Art and Cult under the Tyrants in Athens (1989; Supplement 1995) and Personifications in Greek Art (1993). He recently edited The Cambridge Companion to Archaic Greece (2007).