Index
Absurd, the 4,5,18,19,53–4,57–8,59–61,70,102,107,110–12,119,120,155,165,203,204
and Meursault 4,9
and postmodernity 107
Aeschylus 73,75
Alger républicain 16,17,62,79–83,89,90,94,120,124
Algeria 2,3,5,9,13,14,16,17,19,22,54,67,80,82,84,88,94,95,114,119,123,125,126,127,131,132,139–40,142–3,152,166,191,192,193,198,199,205,206
and civil war of 1990s 128,130n.19,139,142,193,200
famine in Kabylia 82–3
Francophone women writers of 5,128,136,199–200,207
Mondovi 13,119
and nationalism 194
Oran 17,157,166,167,168,169,171,172,173,174,175,176
see also Algiers and Kabylia
Algerian Communist Party
Camus’s membership of 16,34,36,37,80,88,123
Algerian War of Independence 2,3,5,13,14,21,88,108,114,119,124,125,128,132,134,191,192,198,199
and Camus’s appeal for civil truce 88,142
Algerianism, see empire, culture of
Algerians, indigenous xvi,2,3,8,13,14,15,88,89,123,125,126,128,131,132,140–1,142,153,159,177n.6,191,193,194,199,205,206
Algiers 4,14,15,26,32,34,37,39,41,79,81,124,147,153,156,159
Battle of 133
Belcourt 14,26,41
Maison de la Culture 147,148,149,154
alienation 4,23,42–3,45,53,58
Alsace 13
alterity 109–10,112–13,114,115–16,131,141,143
problematics of in Camus’s theatre 69,75–6
Amrouche, Jean 128,164n.32
Amsterdam 178,179,180,183–4,188
Apter, Emily 127,192–3,195
Arnold, A. James 70
Aron, Raymond 84,86,87
Aronson, Ronald 119,128
art
as compensation in Camus 7–8,68
and emotional containment 44
as gift to the future 209
artist, role of 24,53,69,76,79,89,91,161
and the Absurd 60–1,64
atom bomb 1,88,93
Camus’s opposition to 6
see also Hiroshima
Audisio, Gabriel 33,152,156,158,160,162–3n.5,163n.14,164nn.31,32
autobiography
North African 195,196
Balzac, Honoré de 7
Barrault, Jean-Louis 67
Barrès, Maurice 147
Barthes, Roland 102,158,176
Baudelaire, Charles 186
Beckett, Samuel 8
Bergson, Henri 28
Bernanos, Georges 80,90
Bertrand, Louis 33,147,148–9,150, 151
Bey, Maïssa 15,199
Bible, the 109,178,185,186
concept of agape in 185
and Christian iconography 182,184, 186
and Christianity 204
John the Baptist 185
New Testament 185
Old Testament 29
Blanchot, Maurice 109,115,136–7
Bouraoui, Nina 199
Breton, André 90
Camus, Albert
and agnosticism 59
and allegory 165
and banality 204,205–6
theme of broken body in 169–70,171,172,173–4
and childhood poverty 39,41,47
see also social class
and confession 175,178,185,204
and Dachau 87
and the épuration 86–7
theme of happiness in 63
and hedonism 151,161
figure of the human in 93–4,100
and irony 179,183,185,186,190n.2
and journalism 79–91
and journalistic ethics 84–6
and love for Algeria 140
and Nobel Prize 1,2,3,22,206,208
opposition to Algerian independence in 21
and pacifism 17,83
and political realism 101
and quest for father 197
and resistance to history 54
and concept of revolt 19,63–4,70,102,111,112,115,121,134,138,140,165,171,176
theme of suicide in 54–5,57,58,111–12
support for Pierre Mendès France 88
theory of novel in 61–2,161
and torture 95
and tuberculosis 19,47,53,66,79
Camus’s works
Actuelles iii: Chroniques algériennes 82,84,94,127,139,142,208–9
Caligula 6,18,19,31,34,67,69–70,71,73,75–6,77,79,89,106,107–8,110,112,115–16,138,156,171
Chute, La 8,9,20,23,24,48,75, 76–7,89,91,114,118,131,178–89,204,205
‘Crise en Algérie’ 85,193
Envers et l’Endroit, L’ 9,14–15,39–49,75,76,114,148,149,150,155–6
Etat de siège, L’ 67,73–4,87,138, 165
Etranger, L’ 4,7,8,9,17,18,29,43,45,48,54,55,69,70,75,79,89,91,107,110,114,115,116,120,131,133,148,151,152,153,156–60,161,162,176,185,186–7,188–9,193,199,203,204,205,206–8
‘Exil d’Hélène, L’’ 108
Exil et le Royaume, L’ 14,22,114,115,128,191,193,205,207,208
‘Femme adultère, La’ 9,22,132,134,140–2,154–5,205
Homme révolté, L’ 6,8,9,19,20,21,35,36,59,68,69,70,72,86,87,94,99,100,101,102–3,107,108,110,111,113,114,115,116,119,121–2,124,132,133,134,136,160,161,165,176,178,179,189,203,206
‘Hôte, L’’ 155
Justes, Les 8,9,21,35,67,73,74,87, 94,100,102,108,109–10,115, 116,131,132,133–4,135–8,165, 171
Lettres à un ami allemand 18–19,76, 103
Malentendu, Le 43,45,67,68,69,70,73,74,90,131,132,156,171
‘Minotaure, Le’ 155
Misère de la Kabylie 8,17,82,94,96,125,193,207
Mythe de Sisyphe, Le 5,6,7,18,27,34,45,46,48,53–66,69,70,110,156,176,203,204
Ni victimes ni bourreaux 87,90,101,108,110,116,134
Noces 9,31,32,39–40,81,134,142,148,149,150–1,152–3,154,156
Peste, La 7,8,9,13,20,21,43,48,54,76,79,87,89–90,91,94,102,113–14,115,131,133,136,151,161–2,165–76,179,187,189,193,205
Premier Homme, Le 3,7,9,13,14,22, 37,40,43–4,128,131,134,139,178,191–200,206,207
Camus, Catherine Hélène xi,13,40
&runon;Camus, Lucien Auguste xi,13–14,26,44,48
Canard enchaîné, Le 80
capital punishment 45
capitalism 101
Carroll, David 193,194,195
Champigny, Robert 156
Char, René 39
Charlot, Edmond 33,37,39
Chateaubriand, François René 30
Chaulet-Achour, Christiane 22
Chestov, Leon 29,33,58
Chouaki, Aziz 129
Cixous, Hélène 199
Cold War 9,93,119,121,129,132
colonialism 93,191,196
and assimilation 16,125
and ‘civilising mission’ 125
and colonial mindset 3,6,124,127
coloniser/colonised relations 193,194,199
consequences of in Algeria 1,2,9,101,152,156,193,194,200
and French colonial policy in Algeria 1–2,3,4,9n.3,23,82,88,94–5,96,119,124,126,192,193,194,207
in French Congo 17
in Indochina 17,126
and nineteenth-century history 22
opposition to 123,124–5
see also French Algerians
Combat 2,6,19–20,54,67,79,84–7,88,89,90,91,95,96,99,120,124,134,176n.3
communism 3,5,6,9,17,21,64,99,100,101,119,121,122,123
Cruickshank, John 135–6,137,209
Czechoslovakia 45
Daladier, Edouard 81
Daniel, Jean 79,121,134,139
Dante Alighieri 178,184
Davis, Colin 70,71
De Beauvoir, Simone 19,21,90,102,109,138–9
De Gaulle, Charles 84,86,97
decolonisation
as trauma 192
Defoe, Daniel 165–6
Deleuze, Gilles 31
Derrida, Jacques 104,197
and justice 104
Descartes, René 36,57
Dib, Mohammed 139
Djabali, Leïla 136
Djebar, Assia 128,142,192,193,195,197,199–200
and affinity with Camus 201–2n.22
Djemaï, Abdelkader 128
Dorgelès, Roland 3,26
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor 26,29,36,37,103,133,178
and concept of evil 29
Drieu la Rochelle, Pierre 152
empire, culture of 5,119,148,152,183–4,195
and Algerianism 147,148,149,150,151,154,157,160–1
and Kabyle destitution 82–3
and ‘Latin spirit’ 148–9,149
see colonialism
Enlightenment 120
ethics 106–16
and journalism 84–6
Euripides 71,74
evil, concept of 29,114,174,189
exile 141,166,167,179
existentialism 58,59,119,120,122
Express, L’ 21,23,79,87–8,89,125
Fanon, Frantz 119,124,128
characterisation of Europe in 10n.10
fascism 6,9,15–16,35,80,81,83, 152
Faure, Francine 46,166
feminist theory
applied to Camus 138–9
Feraoun, Mouloud 128,139,192
Figaro, Le 85,87,90
First World War 1,3,13,14,26,44,48,192,197
Battle of the Marne 3,13,26
Fouchet, Max-Pol 32,33
France 2,3,9,95,98,126,142–3,166,193,199,200,203,206
and colonial reform 2–3,16
and French republican values 2,4,125
Liberation of 20,84,94,96,97,98,120,166
metropolitan 1,2,3,4,6,13,16,17,19,88,89,195–6
and the Occupation 53,54,66,67, 108,114,124,165,166,169, 176n.3
and ‘la plus grande France’ 2
and Popular Front 35,79,81,152
and post-Second World War decolonisation 3,124,129,208
see also colonialism and Second World War
Franco, Francisco 6,80,87
Franco-Prussian war 13
fraternity 169
between French and Algerians 14,208
French Algeria 191,192,193,195,208
French Algerians xvi,1–2,3,4,6,13,14,48,88,95,126,131,132,139,142,148,160,191,193,195,196,198–200,205,206–7
as settler community 192,193,206
French Communist Party 21,87,121,124
Freud, Sigmund 198,199
and mourning 194
Front de Libération Nationale (F.L.N.) 21,126,128,132
Gallimard, Michel 1
Gandhi, Mahatma
Camus’s homage to 88
genocide 9,103
Germain, Louis 3,26
Gide, André 17,26,32,37,82,90,163n.15
Grenier, Jean 16,26–37,39,76,80,83,85,151
and désenchantement 32
and Indian philosophy 32,33
Guilloux, Louis 27,29
guilt
in La Chute 181–2,189
in L’Etranger 189
Hadj, Messali 16
and Algerian Popular Party 16–17
Hegel, G. W. F. 6,59,61
Heidegger, Martin 55,58,120
Hénein, Georges 84
Hié, Simone 32,46
Hiroshima 6,88,120
Hitler, Adolf 1,3,16,17,80,149
Holland 23,178,184
humanism 8,20,21,24,93,104,120, 139,152
and masculinism 93
Hungary 124,126,132
Husserl, Edmund 58,123
identity
withheld in La Chute 180
ideology, end of 87,88
intelligentsia, left-wing in France 3,20,127,132,194
Islam 128
Jaspers, Karl 55,58,120
Jeanson, Francis 111,118,122,123
journalism 8,9,17,63
justice 29,34,35,66,90,93–104,121,125,127,132,134,137,186,193
and happiness 134
and love 9,15,22,134–9
see also Derrida
Kabylia 94–6,193,200
Kafka, Franz 54
Kant, Immanuel 56
Khatibi, Abdelkebir 197,201n.5
Kierkegaard, S⊘ren 55,58,120
Koestler, Arthur 101,120
Lafayette, Mme de 4,7,161
Le Sueur, James 128
Lemarchand, Jacques 90
Levinas, Emmanuel 109,115
Lévy, Bernard-Henri 5,24
loss
literature of 191,195,197–8,199
and love 195,197
Maghreb, the 191
Malraux, André 29,33–4,35,36–7,80,90
and Orientalism 33
Marx, Karl 7,59,122
Marxism 20–1,24,64,87,99,122,123,132,139,204
matriarchy 40,41
Mauriac, François 20,84,86–7,90,97
Maurras, Charles 147
Mediterranean culture 10n.6,14,15–16,46,125,127,147–50,151,153–4,157,158,178,189
Arab-Muslim tradition 16
Camus’s conception of 3,48
and intimation of mortality 46
Mediterranean Sea 3,30,31,45,142
Melville, Herman 162
Memmi, Albert 119,124,127,192,193
memory 41,45,194,195
in Algerian context 191,198–200
collective 9
memory studies 192,198
and haunting 192,198–200
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice 87,101,103
and progressive violence 101
Molière 26
monologue
in La Chute 178,183,187
Montherlant, Henry de 27,80
mother
figure of in Camus 15,27,40,41–5,48,131,192,197
as Christ-like 43
Mounier, Emmanuel 34,90
mourning 194,198–200
Mussolini 16,80,149,152
mysticism
and Eastern tradition 29,32,33,35
Nadeau, Maurice 90
Nazism 2,5,53,54,70,83,84,97,103,123,184
Nietzsche, Friedrich 26,28,29,33,34, 36,37,54,58,61,62,69,70,72–3, 180
nihilism 29,33,34–5,59,66
Nizan, Paul 80
Nouvelle Revue Française, La 27,33,34, 35,90
O’Brien, Conor Cruise 2,3,119,125,132,158,193,194
Organisation d’Armée Secrète (O.A.S.) 21
Paris 4,13,14,22,27,28,30,31,35,54,84,98,119,120,124,156,167,179,180,182,186,188,194
Paris-Soir 84
Pascal, Blaise 29–30
Paulhan, Jean 69
petit colon xvii,1,3,4,13
phenomenology 120
philosophy, limitations of 55,56–7
Pia, Pascal 16,17,19,80,84,86,87, 90
pieds-noirs xvii,13,88,125,127,128,139,140,141,142,191,193,194
Plato 28
Plotinus 28
Pontecorvo, Gillo 133,134
postcolonialism 4,5,6,8,119,131,132, 133,147,191,192,195,196,208
Prometheus 35
Proust, Marcel 4,27,33,161
pupille de la nation
Camus’s status as 3,4,10n.7
Quilliot, Roger 76,134,205
Racine, Jean 29,72
Randau, Robert 147
Revolution
of 1848 1
revolutionary ideology 35,119,121,137
opposed by Camus 6
Richaud, André de 27
Roblès, Emmanuel 33,139
Roman ruins
of Djemila 148,150
of Tipasa 140,148,150
Rousset, David 101
Saadi, Yacef 133
Sade, Marquis de 4,18
Said, Edward 5,24,119,125,158
Saint-Brieuc 13,27,196,197
Salas, Denis 139
Sarocchi, Jean 153,153,197,199,200
Sartre, Jean-Paul 7,9,16,19,20,21,24,48,55–6,62,80,85,87,90,108–9,111,118,132,156,158,178,203, 208
and Cuba 85
and existentialism 21
quarrel with Camus 118–29
and Soviet Union 85
Scheler, Max 58
Schopenhauer, Arthur 28,29,34
Second World War 1,5,6,9,13,16,17,19–20,53,83,93,94,133,165,181,183,184,188,189,200,208
and collaboration 84,97
and concentration camps 1,21,87, 181
épuration in 20,86–7,97,98,99,100,101
and French Resistance 19–20,54,65, 84,89,98,99,101,103,122,124, 156
Jewish refugees in 19
see also France
Sénac, Jean 127,132,139,140
Sétif massacres 2,3,84,125,208
Sisyphus, myth of 35–6
and the everyday 64
social class 13,14,15,27,39,95,97,100,119,127,156,192,193,204
and proletarian consciousness 64–5
and Algerian civil war of 1990s 200
Soir républicain, Le 17,18,80,83,83
solidarity 19,167,172,173,174,176
Soviet Union 1,101,122,124,125, 126,132
Spain 16,27,46–7,87,92n.11
and Jean Grenier 27,30
Spanish Civil War 1,16,36,37
Spengler, Oswald 34,78n.7
Stalin, Joseph 6,17,120,121,122,123
Stendhal 4,29,161
Stockholm 1,22,127,208
Suetonius 28,31
Surrealism 18
Temps modernes, Les 20,21,87,118,119,120,122–3,129,178,208
terrorism 132,134,136,137,139
theatre 8,9,19,67–77
and Jacques Copeau 78n.6
Théâtre de l’Equipe 67,68,69,78n.6,89,123
see also tragedy
Third World 95,124,129,132,139
Todd, Olivier 13,33,191,203
Tolstoy, Leo 29
totalitarianism 5,6,9,63,119,132
tragedy 71–3,74,84–6,165,170,171, 187
Greek 71–2,171
Valéry, Paul 151
Van Eyck, Jan 182,188
Vichy 53,66,156
Villeblevin 1
violence 106–16,118,121,124,125,129,132,133
false legitimacy of 101
as justified 97–100,101–2,108
temptation of 9,107,108,109,110
Viollis, Andrée 17
Weil, Simone 37
Wood, Nancy 193–4
Yacine, Kateb 139
Zévaco, Michel 26