Index
Abdulla, Mulla 122
Aboriginal Australians, see Indigenous Australians
Adenauer, Konrad 139
Albert, Karl 70
Alexander von Humboldt Foundation 150
Alisher, John 153
All Nations Club 145
Allgemeiner Deutscher Verein 17,104,112,146
Alt, Augustus Heinrich 22
Alt, Elizabeth 1
Alt, Jakob 1,22
Alt, (Jost) Heinrich 1,22
Alt, Mary Anne 22
Ammer, Stephan 152
Angas, George Fife 27
anglicising of names, see ‘Australianising’
Aranda tribe, see Arrernte tribe
architects 1,98–99,145
see also Vahland, (Wilhelm) Carl
Arrernte tribe 66,70
artists 51–52,98,101,127,153–154
see also Guérard, Eugene von
Asmis, Rudolf 130,131
assisted immigration 7,13–14,25,140
to NSW 75–78
to Qld 86
to Tas. 78,88
to Vic. 77–78
see also immigration agents
Australia, exploration, see explorers
Australia/GDR Friendship Society 151
Australian Agricultural Company 13
scheme to transport German convicts 23–24
Australian–German Welfare Society 149
‘Australianising’ 114–115,123,124
Ballhausen, Louis 73–74
Barossa Valley (SA) 3,31,73
winemakers and wine industry 90
Bartels, Adolf Heinrich Friedrich 91,104,164
Bartels, Josephine Olivia 92
Basedow, Martin 104
Bauer, Ferdinand Lucas 33–34
Bauer, Otto 125
Baumgartner, Leopold 166
Beagle Bay mission 70,71,119
Beale, Octavius 93
Becker, (Carl) Ludwig 1,46,47,91
Becker, Dr Johannes 130,135
Beckler, Hermann 47
Beinhorn, Elly 128
Beinssen, Ekkehard 149
Beinssen, Irmhild 149
Berlin (ship) 128
Bertram, Carl Julius 103
Bertram, Hans 129
Bethesda mission (SA) 68–70
see also Hermannsburg mission (SA)
Bibra, Benedict von 22
Bibra, Francis Ludwig von 22
Bicentennial celebrations (1988) 150
Billeter, Walter 155
Bismarck, Otto von 4,108–109
Blandowski, Wilhelm 2,52
Blass, Wolf 146
Bloomfield River mission 70
Boecking, Henry 43
Bohemian Brothers 59
Bohlens, Oluf 136
bounty schemes, see assisted immigration
Bracker, Friedrich 25
Brahe, Alexander 47
Braun, Eva 134
Breach, Elizabeth 1
Brentano, Heinrich von 139
brewers 101
Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) 2,96,117,125
Brown (member of Leichardt’s expedition) 43
Buck, Frederick 88
Bunce, Daniel 43
Burge, W. 86
Burgmann, Ernest Henry 166
Burgmann, Meredith 166
Burke and Wills expedition 1,46–47
see also Becker, (Carl) Ludwig
businesspeople 2,91–92,93
see also Detogardi, Johannes Nepomuk; Lindt, (Johannes) Wilhelm; Rasp, Charles (Carl)
Büsing, Hans 128
Caesar (ship) 78
Calwell, Arthur 135
Carlhausen, Mrs 121
Casey, Richard 139
Catteau Wattel (ship) 78
choral societies 102
Clausen, H. H. 118
Club Vorwärts 17
clubs and associations 105
19th century 17,104
post-WWI 127,146–148
promotion of Deutschtum 115
see also Allgemeiner Deutscher Verein; Concordia Club
Colqhoun, J. C. 23
commercial relations, see trade relations, German–Australian
companies, see trade relations, German–Australian
composers, see musicians and composers
Concordia Club 127,146,147–148
Nazi influence 132
promotion of Deutschtum 115
soccer team 148,167
convicts, German origin 23–24
Cordes, Johannes Dietrich 136
Crausaz, Adolf 147
cultural relations 150–153
Dallachy, John 47
Dalton, Brian 42
Darling, James 153
de Haas, Walter 125
de Murska, Ilma 103
De Vern, Frederick 86
Delius, Edward 77,162
deportations after World War Ⅱ 135–137
Detogardi, Johannes Nepomuk 2,92,105
Deutscher Turnverein 146
Deutschtum 111–114,115–116
celebration in Australia 113
Dieri tribe 69,70
Diesendorf, Margret
Dietrich, Amalia 2,54–56
Dietrich, Wilhelm 54
diplomatic relations, German–Australian 111,128
after WWII 139
Dir Brücke 147
Ditterich, Carl 166
Donner, Helmut 151
Dresden Mission Society 58
Dullo, Walter 151
Dunera boys 133,153
Dunstan, Donald 164
Dutton, William Hampdon 31
Eberhardt (ship) 7
Eipper, Rev. Christoph 58
Elsasser, Carl Gottlieb 103
Emden (ship) 117,129
Emmerman, W. 86
Employment of Scientific and Technical Enemy Aliens scheme 139
Englert, Alderman 123
Ernst, Carl 118
Ettinghausen, Andrew 166
Eureka Stockade 85
Evangelical Church in Australia (ELCA) 32
explorers 33–34,36,43–45
see also Leichhardt, Ludwig (explorer)
Finke River mission (SA) 65–68,69, 71
Finselbach, Dr Friedrich Wilhelm August 120
Fischer, Tim 166
Flauaus, Heinrich 136
Flierl, Johannes 68–69
flottenpolitik 109–110
Flügelman, Bert 153
Forst, Hans 151
Forster, (Johann) Georg(e) Adam 34–36
Forster, Johann Reinhold 34
48ers 17,90–92
Fraenkel, Karl 104
Franksen, Reinhard 79
Frederick Wilhelm Ⅲ 28
religious reforms 25–27
Frerck, Johannes 130
Fritzsche, Pastor Gottlieb Daniel 31, 32
Garland, R. V. 144
GDR Ballet 151
George, Mary Anne 22
Gericke, Pastor W. 58
German Academic Exchange Service 150
German Australians, census data 3,106,133,141,161
German Harmonie Club 146
German identity 4–5
see also Deutschtum
German traditions 163–165
German–Australian Steamship Company 12
German–Australian Welfare Association 149
German–Austrian–Swiss Association 147
‘Germanphobia’ 117–120
after WWI 126–127
response from German Australians 120–121
Germany
British connections 21
conditions after WWII 18–19
in East Asia/Western Pacific 110–111
economic conditions 8–9,11–16
expansionism 109–110
industrialisation 9
population growth 10–11
religious conditions 25–27
reunification 107–108
unification 4–5,108–109
Getaschmann, Robert Elogius Hermann 98
Gilbert, John 42
Goddefroy, Johann Caesar 54,76,80
Goebbels, Joseph 134
Goethe Institutes 149,150
gold rush 15,16,85
Vic. 14,78
see also miners and mining industry
Goldner, Richard 151
Gollmiek, Herr 98
Gool, Mahomed 122
Gösling, Johann 61,62
Gossner mission 58
Graham, Ann 153
Gramp, Johann 100
Grass, Günther 107–108
Gregory, A. C. 45,48
Gresse, Wolfgang 154
Griffith, Arthur 125
Großer Kurfürst (ship) 16
Guérard, Eugene von 1,47,101
H. C. Sloman & Co. 88
Haag, Stefan 152
Hadel, Gottfried 24
Hafele, J. 86
Hahndorf (SA) 31,73
Hammerman, Bernard 144–145
Handt, Johann Christian Simon 58
Hanson, Pauline 161
Harms, Louis 59,60,61,62
Harms, Theodor 59,61,65
Hatvani, Paul 154–155
Heidecke, Theodore 102
Heidenreich, George 61,65
Heinz, Johann 104
Hellmut, Christian 61
Hely, Hovenden 43,44,45
Herman, Sali 153
Hermannsburg mission (SA) 62,68,125,127
establishment 59
see also Bethesda mission (SA)
Hermannsburger Missionanstalt 59
difficulties 60–61
mission stations 59
women 60
see also Finke River mission (SA); Hermannsburg mission (SA); Lake Killalpaninna mission (SA)
Herrgott, Josef Albert Franz David 2,51–52
Hertz, Dr Maximilian 121
Herweg, Kurt 151
Hess, Johanna 149
Heuss, President Theodor 139
Heussler, Johann Christian 14,79–80,81,104
difficulties 80–82
Heysen, Hans 102,127
Heysen, Nora 154
Hirsch, Maximilian 104
Hirsch, Paul, see Hatvani, Paul
Hirschfeld, Dr Eugen 117,127
Hirschfeld-Mack, Ludwig 153
Hitler, Adolf 134
Hollemann, Yde 33
Holt, Harold 141
Holtermann, Bernard Otto 2,94,104
photographs by 95,96,97
Holtzer, Maurice 164
Homann, Ernst 61,62,64
Homann, Louise 64
Homburg, Herman 118
Homburg, Robert 104
Home, Rod 164
Hübbe, Ulrich 91
Hudtwalcker, Senator
reaction to Old Lutherans 29–30
scheme to transport German convicts 23
Hügel, Baron Karl Alexander Anselm von 36–38
Hughes, W. M. 126
Hüppauff, Bernd 163
Hüppauff, Ernst William 163
Immanuel Synod, see United Evangelical Church in Australia (UELCA)
immigration agents 3,14
promotion of Australia 14–15
see also assisted immigration; Buck, Frederick; Heussler, Johann Christian; Kirchner, Wilhelm
immigration policies 141,159
assimilation 157
see also assisted immigration; White Australia policy
Indigenous Australians
granted full citizenship 158
relations with explorers 41–42,54
relations with missionaries 62,63–64,66
relations with settlers 37,38,85
internment
camps 120
Torres Island 118
WWI 117,121–124
WWII 133
Isle, Ruth 149
Jacob, Ernst 62,68
‘Jennings Germans’ 140
Jewish migration 133
Jurgensen, Manfred 155–156
Kaempffer, Eduard 118
Kavel, Pastor August Christian 27,28,30,129
leads UELCA 32
Kempe, Hermann 65,66,67
Kersten, Lee 163
Kiliani, Mr 120
King, Inge 153
Kirchner, Frances Murdoch 75
Kirchner, Wilhelm
agent for NSW 14,76
agent for Qld 82,86,88
evidence to inquiry 79
promotion of Australia 15
Klausemann, Adolf 129
Klemzig (SA) 29,30–32
Klevesahl, Agnes 98
Koch, Johann Augustus Bernard 98
Koch, Wilhelm 63
Kohl, Helmut 139,140
Köhler, Robert Julius 137
Kopp, Julius 103
Korff, John 93
Krausmann, Rudi 155
Krefft, Johann Ludwig 2,53
Kreschmann, Karl 103
Krichauff, Eduard Heinrich Wulf 91
Krips, Henry 151
Kronheimer, Josef 93
Kruse, Johann 105
Kruse, Johannes Secundus 103
Kurze Beschreibung der Kolonie Queensland 79
La Trobe, Charles 76
Ladendorf, Walther 130
Lake Killalpaninna mission (SA)
first 61–62
second 62–65,71
Lang, Eleanour 153–154
Lang, Rev. J. Dunmore 58
Langer, Allen 166
Laucke, Conrad 163
Lehmann, Darren 166
Lehmann, Friedrich 24
Leichhardt, Ludwig (descendant of explorer) 151
Leichhardt, Ludwig (explorer) 1,40,42,46
before arrival in Australia 39–40
disappearance 45–46
first expedition 40–42
second expedition 43–45
Leichhardt Expo 46,164
Lendenfled, Robert Ignaz Lendlmayer von 2,53
Liebe, Friedrich Wilhelm Gustav 99
Linden, Otto 103
Lindt, (Johannes) Wilhelm 2,92
photographs by 93
Linger, Carl 102,164–165
Luckner, Count von 137
Luther, Friedrich Wilhelm Christian 99
Lutheran Church 60,112,128
doctrinal disputes 32,65
maintaining German language 115–116
Lüthke, Folkert 19
Lyons, J. A. 129
Macarthur, Edward 14,25
Macarthur, Emmeline 42
Macarthur, William 14,25
McCoy, Frederick 53
McIlwraith, Thomas 84
McKinnon, Margaret 22
Mann, John 43,44
Marburg (Qld) 74,105
Marlow, Marianne 42
Marx, Bernd 45
Mattner, Edward 126
Mencken, Friedrich 2,100
Menge, Johannes 2,38–39
Menkens, Frederick Bernhardt 98
Menz, Johann 93
Menz Biscuit Factory 164
Menzies, Sir Robert 139
merchants
19th century 22
20th century, see businesspeople
Metternich, Clemens von 36
Metzler, Paul 125
migrants’ adaptation to Australian society 141
migration (of Germans to Australia) 20,126
political factors 17–18
post-WWII 3–4,138,139–142,159
pull factors 159–161
20th century 19
push factors 8–13,161
19th century 5,11–16
20th century 18–19
migration (of Germans) (cont.)
religious factors 16–17
transport conditions 78–79,81,88
migration theories 6
psychological factors 19–20
push-pull theory 6–8
miners and mining industry 2,73,93–98
missionary activity
in Australia 58–59
in Germany 57
historical interpretation 57
see also Hermannsburger Missionanstalt; Moravians; Neuendettelsauer Missionsanstalt; Pallatine order
Mitchell, Sir Thomas 41
Monash, Sir John 125
Monzel, Frederick 117
Moravians
immigration to SA 74
missionary activity 59,70
Muecke, Carl Wilhelm Ludwig 90, 105
Muecke, Hugo Carl Emil 92,117
Mueller, Baron Sir Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich von 1,47,49–50,164
botanical collecting 47–49
Director, Botanic Gardens (Melbourne) 48
honours 49
multiculturism 141
Musica Viva Society of Australia 151
musicians and composers 98,102–103,151,152–153
see also Linger, Carl
Nationalfest 112–114
Nazi Party
organisation in Australia 130–133
seizure of power 130
Neuendettelsauer Missionsanstalt 68–70
Neu-Hermannsburg (SA)
see Hermannsburg mission (SA)
Neu-Klemzig (SA)
see Klemzig (SA)
Neumayer, Georg Baltasar von 2,52, 53
‘New Australians’ 157
New Guinea 110,126
New South Wales
exploration 37
immigration to 3,76
newspapers 104–106,128
Newton, Helmut 154
Nicholson, William 39
Niemeyer, H. F. 117
Niemöller, Pastor Martin 138
Niguet, Pastor J. P. 58
Nossal, Sir Gustav 166
Occupied Europe Relief Society 149
Old Lutherans 17
migration to SA 25,27–30
opposition to reform 27
settlement in SA 30–32
One Nation Party 161
Pabst, Christian 24
Paech family 162
Pallottine order 70
Paradies, Heinrich 2,88
parliamentarians 92,104
Pelzer, August 163
Perry, James 43
Pfeiffer, Friedrich August 2,88,93
Phillip, Governor Arthur 1,22
photographers 92,154
see also Holtermann, Bernard Otto; Lindt, (Johannes) Wilhelm
Pilger, John Richard 166
Plate, Oskar 125
Pohl, Sigfried (Ziggy) 142
politicians and politics 103–104
see also parliamentarians
Port Phillip District, see Victoria
Power, Dr John 145
Power Foundation 145
Preiss, Johann Ludwig 51
Prerauer, Curt 151
prisoners of war 122
Prussian Evangelical Church 117
Püttmann, Carl 102
Püttmann, Hermann 91,105
Queensland
immigration to 3
19th century immigration to 79–82,86–88
rural migrants 82–85
Rackemann, Carl 166
Rantsch, Carl 24
Rasp, Agnes 98
Rasp, Charles (Carl) 2,95
Rathenau, Walter 152
Reimers, Christian 102
Reinmann, Immanuel Gotthold 103
Resch, Edmund 2,101,118
Resch, Emil 2,101
Resch, Richard 2,101
Resch’s Brewery 101,102
Reuther, Johannes 69
Rhein-Donau Club 146
Riegel, Wolfgang 69
Rockstroh, Matilda 118
Roderick, Colin 42
Rose, Fred
Roth, Adam 76,101
Rüdiger, Anna Elizabeth 162
Rüdiger, Christian 162
Ruhno, William 120
Rümker, Christian Karl Ludwig 51
Rumph, Jacob 121
rural migrants 82–85
Sachse, Otto 104
Samuel, Richard Herbert 150
Schaeffer, Alderman 123
Schaeffer, Manfred 166
Schaeffer, Margaret 22
Schaeffer, Phillip 1,22
Schall, Ekkehard 151
Scheel, Walter 139
Scheibel, Johann Gottfried 27
Scheinpflug, Les 166
Schmidt, August 118
Schmidt, Rev. Carl Wilhlem 58
Schoknecht, Carl 64
Schomburgk, Otto 90
Schomburgk, Richard 90,164
schools, German language 74,115,150
Schulz, Gerhard
Schulze, Louis 66,67
Schürmann, C. W. 58,163
Schwarz, Wilhelm 65,66,67
scientists 36–39,47–51,52–56
see also Blandowski, Wilhelm; Dietrich, Amalia; Mueller, Baron Sir Ferdinand Jakob Heinrich von
Seidler, Harry 145
Seppelt, Joseph Ernst 100
Seppelt, Oscar Benno Pedro 101
Sieber, Franz Wilhelm 51
Siebert, Otto 69
Siede, Julius 103
Siegel, Andrew 103
Skerst, Arno von 130–132,137–138
Snowy Mountains project 140
soccer 148,166
Sommer, Ferdinand von 51
South Australia
exploration 38
immigration to 2
19th century immigration to 72–75,85
Old Lutherans 25
South Australian Company 38
sportspeople 166
Stelz, Johann Martin 79
Sterling, Frances Murdoch 75
Stieglitz, Baron Heinrich von 23
Strangeway Act 1869 85
Strauss, Alderman 123
Strehlow, Carl
artefacts collected 164
Bethesda mission (SA) 69
doubts about mission 127
during WWI 125
Hermannsburg mission (SA) 68,70
Strehlow, Theodor 127,164
Stuart, John McDouall 45,51
sugar industry 87
Tasmania
exploration 37
19th century immigration to 78,88
immigration to 3
Teichelmann, C. G. 58,163
Templer Society 133,164
Teutonia Club 146
Thonen, E. 86
Tiedemann, Walter 104,164
Tintner, Georg 151
Tirpitz, Alfred von 110
Tivoli Club 115,146
trade relations, German–Australian 128,142–144
after WWII 138
Trading with the Enemy Act 125
Troedel, Theodor Karl (Charles) 93
Turnbull, Henry Matthew 43
United Evangelical Church in Australia (UELCA) 32,116
Ursuline Sisters 17
Utz, John Frederick 166
Vahland, (Wilhelm) Carl 2,98,99
Van Diemen’s Land, see Tasmania
Verein Vorwärts 104
Victoria
immigration to 3
19th century immigration to 76–78,85
see also gold rush
Vogelsgang, Dorothea 63,64
Vogelsgang, Hermann (jnr) 70
Vogelsgang, Hermann (snr) 61,62,68
Wagner, Eva 151
Wakefield scheme 72
Waldeck family 163
war criminals 140
Waschatz, Otto 98
Watson, J. C. 104
Weizsäcker, Richard von 139
welfare societies 149
Wends 75
Wenkart, Alfred 151
Werder, Felix 151
Wertheim, Hugo 93
Western Australia 3
exploration 37
19th century immigration to 88
Westgarth, Sophia Esther 79
Westgarth, William 77–78
White Australia policy 19,157–159
Whitlam, Gough 139,159
winemakers and wine industry 99–101,146
NSW 25,76
SA 90
Vic. 77
Wommai (member of Leichhardt’s expedition) 43
World War I 110,116,125
Australian domestic intelligence systems 117
Australian response
historical interpretation 126
see also ‘Germanphobia’
effect on German Australians 123–124,125–126
in SA 124
in Tas. 124
in WA 124
internment, see internment
World War II
Australia 135
effect on German Australians 138
Germany 134–135
internment, see internment
writers 154
Zoeller, Carl 127