Cambridge University Press
9780521509879 - The Papacy since 1500 - From Italian Prince to Universal Pastor - Edited by James Corkery and Thomas Worcester
Frontmatter/Prelims

The Papacy since 1500

These original essays offer thought-provoking perspectives on the complex evolution of the papacy in the last 500 years, from the pope as an Italian Renaissance prince to the pope as a universal pastor concerned with the well-being and salvation of human beings everywhere on earth. Structured by detailed studies of some of the most significant popes in this evolution, this volume explores how papal policies and actions were received as the popes sought to respond to the political, cultural, and social circumstances of their time. Included are essays examining pontificates from that of Julius II, warrior as well as patron of the arts, to the era of the French Revolution and Napoleon, as well as Paul VI’s pleas for peace during the Cold War and John Paul II’s itinerant, prophetic, and hierarchical model of a pastoral papacy in the age of television and the internet.

James Corkery is Associate Professor of Systematic Theology, Milltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy, Dublin. He is the author of Joseph Ratzinger’s Theological Ideas: Wise Cautions and Legitimate Hopes (2009).

Thomas Worcester is Professor of History, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA. He is the editor of The Cambridge Companion to the Jesuits (Cambridge, 2008) and the co-editor (with Gauvin Bailey, Pamela M. Jones, and Franco Mormando) of Hope and Healing: Painting in Italy in a Time of Plague, 1500–1800 (2005).

The Papacy since 1500

From Italian Prince to Universal Pastor

Edited by

James Corkery and Thomas Worcester

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© James Corkery and Thomas Worcester 2010

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First published 2010
Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data

The papacy since 1500 : from Italian prince to universal pastor / [edited by] James Corkery, Thomas Worcester.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-521-50987-9 – isbn 978-0-521-72977-2 (pbk.) 1. Papacy–History. I. Corkery, James. II. Worcester, Thomas. III. Title.
BX955.3.P35 2010
262ʹ.130903–DC22 2010016804

ISBN 978-0-521-50987-9 Hardback
ISBN 978-0-521-72977-2 Paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

Contents

List of illustrations
 vii
Notes on contributors
 viii
Acknowledgements
 x
Introduction
James Corkery and Thomas Worcester
 1
1     Julius II: prince, patron, pastor
Frederic J. Baumgartner
 12
2     Clement VII: prince at war
Kenneth Gouwens
 29
3     The pope as saint: Pius V in the eyes of Sixtus V and Clement XI
Pamela M. Jones
 47
4     Pasquinades and propaganda: the reception of Urban VIII
Sheila Barker
 69
5     Jansenism versus papal absolutism
Gemma Simmonds
 90
6     Pius VII: moderation in an age of revolution and reaction
Thomas Worcester
 107
7     Pius IX: pastor and prince
Ciarán O’Carroll
 125
8     The social question in the papacy of Leo XIII
Thomas Massaro
 143
9     The perils of perception: British Catholics and papal neutrality, 1914–1923
Charles R. Gallagher
 162
10    Electronic pastors: radio, cinema, and television, from Pius XI to John XXIII
John F. Pollard
 182
11    Mixed reception: Paul VI and John Paul II on sex and war
Linda Hogan
 204
12    John Paul II: universal pastor in a global age
James Corkery
 223
Conclusion
James Corkery and Thomas Worcester
 243
Select bibliography
 252
Index
 265

Illustrations

3.1   Monument to Pope Pius V, Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome. Photo by Alinari/Art Resource, NY.
 50
3.2   Frontispiece to Girolamo Catena’s Vita del gloriosissimo papa Pio Quinto, 1586. Biblioteca Casanatense, Rome.
54
3.3   Girolamo Rossi after Domenico Muratori, The Miracle of the Crucifix. From Alessandro Maffei’s Vita di S. Pio Quinto sommo pontefice, Venice, 1712. With permission of the Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali, Rome.
64
3.4   Pope Pius V’s Vision of the Battle of Lepanto with Scenes of his Miracles, 1712. © Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vatican City.
66
4.1   Gian Lorenzo Bernini and workshop, Pope Urban VIII, 1635–40. Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome.
80
4.2   Pietro da Cortona, Allegory of Divine Providence, 1633–39. Palazzo Barberini, Rome.
85
6.1   Sir Thomas Lawrence, Pope Pius VII, 1819. The Royal Collection © 2008, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II.
115
9.1   Auguste Rodin, Head of Pope Benedict XV, 1915. Bronze, cast no. 8, Georges Rudier Foundry, Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Art Gallery Permanent Collection, College of the Holy Cross, 1978.01. Photo by John L. Buckingham.
173
10.1  Piazza Pio XII, Rome, 2008. Photo by Pamela M. Jones.
 199
12.1  Postcards for sale, Rome, 2008. Photo by Pamela M. Jones.
 234

Notes on contributors

James Corkery, SJ,

is Associate Professor of Systematic Theology at the Milltown Institute of Theology and Philosophy in Dublin. In 2006 he was a visiting international Jesuit scholar at the College of the Holy Cross, Massachusetts. He is an editorial correspondent of The Way and a member of the Steering Committee and the Council of the Irish School of Ecumenics Trust. His publications include articles on theological anthropology, spirituality, and culture, and on the writings of Joseph Ratzinger. He is the author of Joseph Ratzinger’s Theological Ideas: Wise Cautions and Legitimate Hopes.

Thomas Worcester, SJ,

is Professor of History at the College of the Holy Cross, Massachusetts, and he has also held the Wade Chair at Marquette University. He is the author of Seventeenth-Century Cultural Discourse: France and the Preaching of Bishop Camus, and co-editor (with Pamela M. Jones) of From Rome to Eternity: Catholicism and the Arts in Italy, ca. 1550–1650. Editor of The Cambridge Companion to the Jesuits, Worcester has served on the editorial board of Studies in the Spirituality of Jesuits and is a member of the advisory board of Theological Studies.

Sheila Barker

is a fellow at the Medici Archive Project, Florence; she has taught at the American University of Rome. Her works include “Art, Architecture, and the Plague of 1656,” in La peste a Roma 1656–1657, edited by Irene Fosi.

Frederic J. Baumgartner

is Professor of History at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. He is the author of several books including Louis XII, France in the Sixteenth Century, and Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections.

Charles R. Gallagher, SJ,

was a visiting fellow at the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations; he has taught at the College of the Holy Cross. His publications include Vatican Secret Diplomacy: Joseph P. Hurley and Pope Pius XII.

Kenneth Gouwens

teaches history at the University of Connecticut; he has been a fellow of Villa I Tati and of the American Academy in Rome. Among his works is Remembering the Renaissance: Humanist Narratives of the Sack of Rome.

Linda Hogan

is Professor of Ecumenics and head of the Irish School of Ecumenics, Trinity College Dublin; she has also taught at the University of Leeds. Her publications include Confronting the Truth: Conscience in the Catholic Tradition.

Pamela M. Jones

is Professor of Art History at the University of Massachusetts Boston. She is the author of Federico Borromeo and the Ambrosiana: Art Patronage and Reform in Seventeenth-Century Milan and Altarpieces and their Viewers in the Churches of Rome from Caravaggio to Guido Reni.

Thomas Massaro, SJ,

is Professor of Moral Theology at the Boston College School of Theology and Ministry. His books include Living Justice: Catholic Social Teaching in Action and United States Welfare Policy: A Catholic Response.

Ciarán O’Carroll

is a priest of the Archdiocese of Dublin and a specialist in the religious history of nineteenth-century Ireland. He has taught at the Milltown Institute and at St. Patrick’s College Maynooth; he is the author of Paul Cardinal Cullen: Portrait of a Practical Nationalist.

John F. Pollard

is a fellow of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and Emeritus Professor in Modern European History at Anglia Ruskin University. His books on the papacy include Money and the Rise of the Modern Papacy: Financing the Vatican, 1850–1950 and The Unknown Pope: Benedict XV (1914–1922) and the Pursuit of Peace.

Gemma Simmonds, CJ,

lectures on ecclesiology and spirituality at Heythrop College, London. She has published a translation of Henri de Lubac’s Corpus mysticum; she is the author of “Women Jesuits?,” in The Cambridge Companion to the Jesuits.

Acknowledgements

We owe a debt of gratitude to those who have made this book possible. Thomas Worcester thanks the College of the Holy Cross for a summer faculty fellowship that facilitated his research on Pius VII. Worcester also thanks Marquette University, where he held the Wade Chair for 2008–09, an appointment that provided generous funding and time for scholarly endeavors. Julie Tatlock, Worcester’s research assistant at Marquette, merits special praise for her work. James Corkery thanks the Irish province of the Society of Jesus for financial support of this project, and the Jesuit community at the College of the Holy Cross for its generous welcome during the editing of this book. Worcester and Corkery thank the Jesuit community at Dooradoyle, Ireland, for a warm welcome; they thank Pamela M. Jones for providing several photographs of Rome; they thank Simon Smith, SJ, for assistance with proofreading; and they acknowledge the gracious technical assistance of Mary Morrisard-Larkin in preparing the manuscript for submission to Cambridge University Press.



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