Abraham’s Dismissal of Haagar (Rembrandt), 124
Adams, Ann Jensen, 163
van Aelst, Evert, 25
van Aelst, Willem, 25
Alberti, Leon Battista, 193
Albertus Magnus, 148, 189, 192
Alewyn (Alewijen), Abraham, 181
Alexander the Great (Rembrandt), 126–130, 131, 132–133, 148, 189–190
Alpers, Svetlana, 12, 137, 191
Ampzing, Samuel, 170–171
Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp (Rembrandt), 58, 187, 188
Anatomy of Dr. Deyman (Rembrandt), 60, 146, 166, 173, 188
D’Andrade, Mordechay, 124
D’Andrade, Diego, dispute with Rembrandt, 33, 120–125
complaint against Rembrandt, 121
consequences of dispute, 123–124
Rembrandt relationship to Jewish community, 124
location of portrait in question, 121
Rembrandt reply to complaint, 121–122
interpretation of, 122–123
subject of painting, 121
Angel, Philips, 17–18, 150
Anglo-Dutch Wars, 21, 39–40, 53, 66, 97–98
First Anglo-Dutch War, 13, 28, 38, 163
Second Anglo-Dutch War, 26
van Anthonissen, Hendrick, 11
Apelles, 149–152
van Arckel, Anna, 40
Aristotle (or Apelles) Contemplating the Bust of Homer (Rembrandt), 125, 126, 148, 170
Asselijn, Thomas, 179
van der Ast, Balthasar, 163
Backer, Annetge Willem, 60, 182
Backer, J. F., 13–14, 160, 178, 187
Backer, Joris Jorisz, 182
de Baen, Jan, 184–185
Baldinucci, Filippo, 17, 159
on E. Keilhau, 186
on price of Nightwatch, 167
on Rembrandt collecting practices, 71–72
on Rembrandt interest in painting, not socializing, 120
on Rembrandt marketing practices, 36–37
on Rembrandt Ovid series, 31, 171
on Rembrandt sale of own work, 187
on Rembrandt slow working pace, 118, 134
van Bambeeck, Nicholaes, 169, 170, 172–173, 182
Banck, Adriaen, 165, 172
bankruptcy
cession with committimus, 24
compared with abject poverty, 20
consequences of ruin, 22–27
artist committing unlawful acts, 22–23
civic/institutional aid, 26–27
imprisonment/severe labor, 25–26
indentured service, 23
insolvent estates, 24–25
leave town, 24
sale of possessions, 23
penury, causes of, 20–22
failures in non-art investments/professions, 21
personal indebtedness, 21–22
personal problems, 21
research/commentary on Rembrandt
archival corrections of, 8–11
nineteenth century, 5–8
recent, 11–14. See also Rembrandt, declares cessio bonorum
Banninck Cocq, Frans, 168
Banquet Celebration of the Treaty of Münster (van der Helst), 52
Baptist Preaching (Rembrandt), 72
Bartsch, Adam, 6
Bas, Agatha, 169, 170, 172–173, 182
Bas, Claes, 182
Bas, Maria, 182
Bas, Nicolaes, 99–100
van Baseroode, Anna, 56
Bassé, Jan, 74, 93–94, 98, 166–167, 180
Bathsheba (Rembrandt), 137, 138, 191
van Beaumont, Anna, 117, 170
Beck, Hans-Ulrich, 164
Becker, Harmen, 52, 142, 183
Juno for, 144
Rembrandt loan from, 85, 171, 179, 183
Rembrandt repays debt to, 56–82, 85, 107, 179
Titus mortgages Rembrandt possessions to, 108
transaction with van Ludick, 179
Belshazzar’s Feast (Rembrandt), 188
Belten, Magdalena, 46, 168–169
Belten, Pieter the Elder, 46, 169
Belten, Pieter the younger, 46, 48, 169–170, 178, 181, 182
Benesch, Otto, 49, 147
Bernard, Catrina Jacoba, 172–173
van Beuningen, Daniel Jansz, 93, 180, 182
van Beuningen, Jan Dircksz, 182
van Beyeren, Cornelis Aertsz, 181
van Beyeren, Leendert Cornelisz, 74, 94
Bibliotheca Thysiana, 168–169
Bicker, Roelof, 53
Bicker, Wendela, 173
van Bijlert, François, 108, 181
Bikker, Jonathan, 101
Bloem, Matthias, 52
Blom, Harmanus Jansz, 164
Blom, Jan Pietersz, 22, 52, 75, 79, 162, 164, 177
le Blon, Michel, 181
Bloom, H. I., 180
Blyendael, Claes Abramse, 79
Bockenolle, Maria, 186
Boelens (Boelissen), Gerrit, 70
Bok, Marten Jan, 13, 39, 40, 163, 167–168
Bol, Ferdinand, 40, 44, 166, 168
van Bolgersteyn, Harmen, 187–188
Bolnes, Catharina, 24–25, 165
Bontemantel, Hans, 51
Bonus, Ephraim, 7, 188
ter Borch, Gerard, 22, 172, 184
Borchgraeff, Jacomo, 100, 102–103, 176–177
van der Borcht II, Hendrik, 78
Both, Andries, 161
Bouman, Elias, 169
Boursse, Esias, 78
Boursse, Jan, 177–178
Bramer, Leonart, 26
Brandaoo, Diogo Diaz, 169
von Brandenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm, 186
Brandi, Giacinto, 190
de Bray, Jan, 21, 22, 163
van Brederode, Pieter, 107
Bredius, Abraham, 10–11, 160
Breestraat house. See Rembrandt, Breestraat house as primary liability
Brink, Ernst, 95
Brittano, Giovanni, 148
van den Broeck, Marten, 32, 38, 39, 41, 123, 166
van Bronckhorst, Pieter Anthonisz, 185
Brondgeest, Albertus, 6
Brouwer, Adriaen, 93
Brown, Christopher, 189–190
Brueghel, Abraham, 133, 191
van der Brugghen, Annken, 161
de Bruijn, Cornelis, 163
Bruyn, Joos, 31
Bueno (Bonus), Ephraim Hezekiah, 170
Callisto (Woman Bathing in a Stream; Rembrandt), 137–138, 139, 191
Calumny of Apelles (Rembrandt), 138–139, 150–152, 153
van Campen, Jacob, 169–170
van de Cappelle, Jan, 36, 78, 162, 188
Carracci, Annibale, 104–105, 161
Carré, Franciscus, 21, 24, 162
Carroll, Margaret D., 137, 191
Casimir, Hendrick, 162
de Castro, Rodrigues Alvares, 171
catalogue
explaining Rembrandt bankruptcy, 6–7, 10
of monographic paintings, 159
of Rembrandt etchings, 6
of Rembrandt prints, 6
Cats, Jacob, 193
cessio bonorum. See Rembrandt, applies for cessio bonorum
Chapman, H. Perry, 13, 154
Charterkamer (Chamber of Records), 6
Chimaer, Michiel Matysz, 187
Christ and the Woman Taken in Adultery (Rembrandt), 61
Christ Appearing to Mary Magdalen (Rembrandt), 191–192
Christ Healing the Sick (“The Hundred Guilder Print”; Rembrandt), 105
Christ Preaching (“La Petite Tombe”; Rembrandt), 100, 101
Christ Presented to the People (Ecce Homo; Rembrandt), 141, 174–175
“Circumcision” (Rembrandt), 30, 107
Circumcision (Rembrandt), 84
de Claeuw, Jacques, 165
Claudius Civilis (Oath of the Batavians; Rembrandt), 79, 85, 111, 119, 146–147, 166, 192
van Cleyburg, Haesje Jacobsdr, 169
Cloeck, Pieter, 40, 168, 172
Codde, Pieter, 47
Coesaert, Laurens, 172–173
collecting practices, Rembrandt. See Rembrandt, collecting practices of
van Collen, Susanna, 170
communion, reasons for being prevented from taking, 176
Concord of the State (Rembrandt), 72
Conrad, Abraham, 172
de Cooge, Abraham, 168
Coppit, Oopjen, 169, 170
Cornelis, Bart, 95–96
Cosmographer (Guercino), 130
de Coster, François III, 56, 173
de Coster, François the younger, 182
van Couwenberg, Christiaen, 24, 165
Coymans, Balthasar II, 182
Coymans, Constantia, 169–170, 181, 182
Coymans, Elisabeth, 101, 182
Coymans, Maria, 182
Crayers, Louis, 30, 68, 111, 166
da Cesena, Biagio, 136
Dahl, Michael the elder, 192
Danäe (Rembrandt), 72, 73
Danckertsz, Cornelis, 93
Dancx, Françoys, 20, 161
Dapper, Olfert, 52
David and Goliath (Rembrandt), 189–190
de Decker, Jeremias, 142, 166, 191–192
Delen, Adriaen, 163
Delft guild, 187–188
Dell, Elisabeth, 40
Denijs, Jacomijntje, 162
Descent from the Cross (Rembrandt), 93
Desolate Boedelskamer (Chamber of Insolvent Estates)
guild regulations and, 160
Lagoor’s inventory, 161
limited access to, 6
Rembrandt hides objects from, 74–75
Rembrandt sells items outside authority of, 75
records of, 92
sale of Rembrandt possessions by, 75–79
Deutz, Jean, 100
Deutz, Jeronimus, 100
Deutz, Joseph, 100
Deyman, Jan, 173, 182
Diana and Actaeon (Gentileschi), 131, 190
Dickey, Stephanie, 13
Dieussart, François, 185
Dionysius (Preti), 132, 191
Dircx, Geertje (R. paramour), 10, 41–42, 175
annuity from Rembrandt, 70
confined to Gouda House of Correction, 42
released from Gouda House of Correction, 42, 62
Dircx, Pieter, 42, 175
van der Does, Simon, 25
van Domselaer, Hendrick, 169
Doomer, Lambert, 78–86, 88
Doré, Johanna, 185
d’Orta, Samuel, 124
Dortsman, Adriaen, 171
Dou, Gerrit, 34–35
Droochsloot, J. C., 174
Dubiez, F. J., 188
Duck, Jacob, 25
Dudok van Heel, S. A. C., 11–12, 14, 15, 50, 166–167
on artist residence preference, 169
on houses with foundation problems, 79
identification of de Graeff painting by, 111–112, 184
on insolvency, 176
on Portrait of a Man, 171
on proximity of patrons to Rembrandt residences, 170
on Rembrandt acquisition of Lucas van Leiden album, 94
on Rembrandt mortgage, 47, 174–175
on Saskia dowry, 82
on timing of Nightwatch commission, 168
Dullaert, Heijman, 165
Dürer, Albrecht, 93, 98, 99, 176, 181
Dusart, Christiaen, 108, 181
van der Dussen, Elisabeth, 24
Dutch art market, perils of
tales of impoverishment in art/art literature, 17–18
tales of success in art literature, 17–18. See also bankruptcy
van Duuren, Ida, 173
Duysentdaelders, Nicolaes, 56–57, 173
van Dyck, Anthony, 7, 112, 184–185
Eeckelboom, Hendrick Hendricksz, 171–172
van Eeghen, Isabella Henrietta, 11, 160, 174, 178, 180, 182–183, 187
van der Eem, Aernt, 163
Elison, Johannes, 186
Elsheimer, Adam, 161
Emmens, Jan, 5
Engelbracht, Philips, 81
English Navigation Acts, 163
de L’Espierre, Etienne, 175
Fabritius, Barent, 173
Fabritius, Carel, 166, 172, 173
Filedt Kok, Jan Piet, 95–96
First Anglo-Dutch War, 13, 28, 38, 163
Flessiers, Janneke
Flinck, Govaert, 60, 112, 120, 134
applies for citizenship, 168
marriages of, 40
Ovid series and, 166
Six and, 186
style of, 166
Floerke, Hanns, 187–188
Fokkens, Melchior
Fonteijn, Jan, 100
Francen, Abraham, 35, 56, 166, 167, 173, 174–175
becomes guardian to Rembrandt daughter Cornelia, 56–57, 174
portrait of, 66, 67, 142
Rembrandt loan from, 188
Francen, Daniel, 173
Rembrandt efforts to pay back, 82, 83, 88, 142, 179
Rembrandt loan from, 66, 70, 161, 188
Frederick, Willem, 162
de Geer, Margaretha, 170
Geerincx, Samuel, 79, 178
de Gelder, Aert, 190
Gentileschi, Artemisia, 131–132, 190–191
Gerrits, Trijntje, 171–172
Gerrits, Wybrich, 171–172
Gersaint, Edme François, 6, 147, 167, 170–171
Gerson, Horst, 11, 160, 172
de Gheyn III, Jacques, 136
Giltaij, Jeroen, 189
Giorgione, 74
van Glabbeeck, Johannes, 165
Glazemaker, J. H., 193
Goldweigher (Rembrandt), 49
Goldweigher’s Field (Rembrandt), 49–50, 170–171
Goltzius, Hendrick, 99
van Goor, Cornelis, 190
van Goor, Gijsbertsz, 128
van Goyen, Jan Josephsz, 17, 23, 24, 164–165, 185
de Goyer (Ruisdael), Isaack Jacobsz, 165
de Graeff, Andries, 46, 53, 115–116
dispute with Rembrandt, 111–120
background of de Graeff family, 111
consequences of, 118–119
cost of portrait in question, 30
portrait in question, 111–112, 184
possible cause of
fell out of favor with Dutch court, 184
money, 116, 117–118
money, evidence of earlier disputes over, 116–118
poor likeness, 112–116
slow working pace, 118
as unknown, 112
unwillingness to cultivate elite patronage, 119–120
similarity to disputes with D’Andrade/Ruffo, 118
source of information for, 111
Uylenburgh role in, 111, 117
portraits of, 111–115
Quellijn bust of, 115–116
de Graeff, Cornelis, 53, 111
de Graeff, Jacob, 111
de Graeff, Jan, 184
de Graeff, Pieter, 184
van der Graft, Joost, 170–171
de la Grange, Justus, 25, 179
de Grebber, Frans Pietersz, 188
Guercino, 130–131, 132, 189, 190, 192
Guild of Saint Luke, 150
van Haarlem, Cornelis Cornelisz, 99, 166–167
Haarlem guild, 187–188
ter Haer, David, 93
Hals, Frans, 17, 26, 172, 188
Hanneman, Adriaen, 112
Haringh, Jacob Thomasz, 64
Haringh, Pieter, 62–64, 68, 142, 166
Haringh, Thomas Jacobsz, 63–64, 142, 166, 174
Hauser, Arnold, 8
Haverkamp Begemann, Egbert, 70, 161
van Heel, Dudok, 48–51, 68
Held, Julius, 152
van der Helst, Bartholomeus, 52, 53, 134, 166, 186
van Hemaert, Splinter, 172
van Hemert, Gillis, 172–173
van Hemert, Joachim, 172–173
Hendrick, Frederick, 8, 30, 47, 116–117, 118, 184, 186
Henrietta Louisa of Orange, 185
Henriques, Beatriz Nunes, 121
Henry, Prince of Wales, 185
Hero and Leander (Rubens), 103
van Hertsbeeck, Geertruijd, 171–172
van Hertsbeeck, Gerrit, 171–172
van Hertsbeeck, Gillis Paulusz, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Hendrick, 171–172
van Hertsbeeck, Hester, 171–172
van Hertsbeeck, Hester Paulusdr, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Isaack, 53, 70, 88, 94, 171–173, 179
van Hertsbeeck, Jacob ( Jacques) Paulusz, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Melchior Paulusz, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Paulus I, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Paulus II, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Paulus II (Paulusz), 53
van Hertsbeeck, Pieter, 171–172
van Hertsbeeck, Pieter Isaacksz, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Pieter Paulusz, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Susanna Isaakdr, 171, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Susanna Paulusdr, 172–173
van Hertsbeeck, Wybrechte, 171
van Hertsbeeck family, 171–173
Het Ulenspiegelken (“The Owlglass”) Lucas van Leyden
Hinloopen, Catalina, 174
Hinloopen, Jacob Jacobsz, 61, 76, 174
Hinterding, Erik, 36, 75, 141
Hofstede de Groot, Cornelius, 11, 108, 160
van Hogeveen, Cornelia, 47
Holbein, Hans, 107
Hollar, Wenzel, 73, 94
Holscher, Johannes, 162
Homer (historical person), 193
Homer/Apelles, reasons for traditional connection between, 149–152
both suffered trials with patrons, 150–151
poets inspired artists in pictorial inventions, 151
promote greater representatives of painting/poetry in context of paragone, 149–150
Homer Dictating to a Scribe (Rembrandt), 129, 148, 190
Homer (Rembrandt), 126–130, 189
Hommius, Festus, 172–173
Hondius, Hendrick, 181
Honthorst, Gerard, 112, 186
de Hooch, Pieter, 17, 25, 85, 179
Hooft, Catharina, 115
Hooft, Hendrick, 177
Hooft, Johanna, 168
Hoogewerff, G. J., 20
van Hoogstraten, Samuel, 18, 95, 98, 109, 150, 159, 166
van Hoorn, Simon, 53
Houbraken, Arnold, 7, 8, 27, 159
on economy of Rembrandt lifestyle, 38
on Flinck, 120, 134, 186
on marketing Rembrandt works, 34, 36, 167
on Rembrandt charges for works, 36
on Rembrandt handling of money, 5–6
on slow working pace of Rembrandt, 134
on state of Rembrandt estate upon death, 108
on de Witte, Emanuel, 23
van der Houve, Sophia, 40
Hulft, Hendrick Gerard Pietersz, 186
Hundred Guilder Print (Christ Healing the Sick; Rembrandt), 105
Huydecoper, Joan I, 53, 116, 174, 182
Huydecoper, Leonora Joansdr, 174
Huygens, Christiaen, 104–105
Huygens, Constantijn Jr., 47, 104–105
Huygens, Constantijn Sr., 8, 112, 159
belittles Rembrandt portrait, 112, 125, 187
on Jan Lievens, 119–120
refuses gift from Rembrandt, 72
Rembrandt suggestions as to best view painting, 133, 184
Icones et segmata (Perrier), 191
van Immen, Tobias, 171
ben Israel, Samuel Menasseh, 7, 167, 170, 188
Jabach, Everard, 104–105
Jacobsdr, Trijn, 42
Jansz, Claes, 178
Jansz, Govert, 99–100
Jews, 169, 170, 188. See also individual
de Jonghe, Clement, 33, 166
Jordaens, Jacob, 32–33, 73, 189
Josi, Christiaan, 6
de Jouderville, Isaac, 165
Junius, Franciscus, 151
Juno (Rembrandt), 144
Just, Isaac, 127, 128
Kam, J. G., 173
van Kattenborch, Dirck, 173, 174–175
van Kattenborch, Otto
difficulty in getting portrait from Rembrandt, 36, 167
portrait print of, 64–66, 174–175
purchases house from Duysentdaelders, 173
Rembrandt loans and, 56–57
Rembrandt purchases house from, 64
Keilhau, Eberhart, 118, 186, 187
Keilhau, Monsú Bernardo, 31, 37, 89–90
Keizerskroon Inn sale, 62–64
Kelle, Lieven Sijmonsz, 79
de Keyser, Hendrick I, 21
de Keyser, Maria, 163
de Keyser, Pieter, 163
de Keyser, Thomas, 21, 93, 112
de Keyser, Willem, 74
de Keyser, Willem Hendricksz, 21, 22, 39, 163
Killian, Jennifer, 162
van Kittensteyn, Cornelis, 188
Kloeck, Allard, 168
Kloeck, Nanning, 62
de Knuijt, Maria, 25
Knupfer, Nicolaus, 25
Kolloff, Eduard, 10
Kretzer, Maertin, 93
Kroock, Jan Jansen, 70
Lagoor, Johan, 20, 161
de Lairesse, Gerard, 150
van Landonck, Susanna, 172–173
Lanfranco, Giovanni, 189
de Langue, Willem, 57
“La Petite Tombe” (Rembrandt), 100, 101
Last Judgment (Michelangelo), 136
Lastman, Pieter, 46, 84, 106–107
van Leest, Jacques, 178
legacy, of Rembrandt, 156–157
van Leiden, Lucas, 74, 94–97
Leijdeckers, Jan Claesz, 168
Leja, Jan, 138
Leonardo da Vinci, 193
Levecq, Jacobus, 165
van Leyden, Aert
Lievens, Jan, 72, 73, 159, 176–177, 187
Life of the Virgin (Dürer), 99
van der Linden, Jan Antonides, 34, 167
Locke, Adriaen, 121
van Loo, Magdelena, 108
Looten, Karel, 172
Looten, Marten, 169, 172
Lopez, Alphonso, 182
Luce, Lucas, 100
Lucian, 193
van Ludick, Lodewijck, 33, 57, 79, 83, 85–87, 88, 123
buys “nativity”/“circumcision” from Rembrandt, 30, 107
buys Rubens painting from Rembrandt, 103
difficulty in getting portrait from Rembrandt, 36, 52
estimate of Rembrandt 1640s collection worth, 76–77, 91
portrait of, 142, 179
Rembrandt efforts to pay back, 80, 82, 83–85, 88, 106–107, 179
Rembrandt reneges on contract with, 23
Ludwig, Karl, 75, 78, 100
Lundens, Gerrit, 21, 162
Lups, Catrina, 173
Maaskamp, Evert, 6
Madonna and the Child (Mantegna), 193
Madonna with a Cat (Rembrandt), 193
Maes, Nicolaes, 166
de Magistris, Trojanus, 103, 182
Malevessy, Pieter, 172–173
Mancini, Giulio, 186
van Mander, Karel, 152
Mantegna, Andrea, 193
De Marchi, Niel, 13
de Marolles, Abbé, 181
marriage, after pre-marital pregnancy, 168
Marselis, Gabriel, 100
Marxist/Socialists, 160
Maurits of Nassau-Siegen, Johan, 186
Mayr, Johann Ulrich, 96, 192
van Meckenem, Israhel, 181
van Medenblick, Gerrits Pietersz, 179
Mennonites, 27, 69–70, 167
On faillissement vs. bankroet, 69
van der Meulen, Marjon, 11
Michel, Emile, 10
Michelangelo, 136
Miedema, Hessel, 18, 187–188
van Miegroet, Hans J., 13
van Miereveld, Michiel Jansz, 112, 162, 172
van Mol, Pieter, 176–177
von Moltke, Joachim Wolfgang Graf, 21
Moninckx, Cornelis, 22
Montias, John Michael, 13, 38, 57, 102, 123, 166–167, 168
Moreelse, Paulus, 163
Moses Breaking the Tablets of the Law (Rembrandt), 192
Mytens, Jan, 112
“Nativity” (Rembrandt), 30, 84, 107
Navarro, Jacob, 171
Navarro, Moses, 171
Nazis, 160
van der Neer, Aert, 21, 162
van Nest, Sara, 172–173
van de Nest, Elisabeth, 172–173
van de Nest, Pieter, 172–173
Neumann, Carl, 10
van Neurenburch, Guilliaem, 93
Nieuwenhuis, Christianus Johannes, 6
Nightwatch (Rembrandt), 46
as catalyst to international fame, 117
cost of, 30, 167
Ludens copy of, 162
payment for, 47
rejection of, 10
subject in, 40
timing of commission for, 168
Oath of the Batavians (Claudius Civilis; Rembrandt), 79, 85, 111, 119, 146–147, 166, 192
oriental heads, by Rembrandt, 176–177
Orlers, Jan Jansz, 112, 159
Ornia, Gerbrand, 60, 70, 79, 83–84
Ornia, Gosuinus, 173
Orphans Chamber. See Weekskamer
van Os, Dirk, 172
van Os, Jan Claesz, 172–173
van Os, Susanna, 172–173
Osorio, Bento, 188
Oud-Holland ( journal), 160
Ovens, Jurriaen, 59, 134, 166
Ovid series (Rembrandt), 31, 166, 171
Owlglass (van Leiden), 95, 96, 181
Palamedesz, Anthony, 26
Palma Vecchio, Jacopo, 74
de Pape, Abraham, 179
Passion series, 46, 47, 116–117
patrons
expectation of greater payments from prominent, 185
Homer/Apelles and, 150–151
rarity of protracted employment by single, 34–35. See also Rembrandt, disputes with patrons
Pellicorne, Jan, 170
Pels, Andries, 70–72, 92, 180
Pereira, Jacob, 169
Pereira, Samuel, 169
Perlove, Shelley, 13
Perrier, François, 191
Pesser, Dirck Jansz, 169
The Phoenix (Rembrandt), 153
Pickenoy, Nicolaes Eliasz, 47, 93, 112–115
de Pickere, Maria, 181
De Piles, Roger, 120
Pinto, Daniel
buys house next to Rembrandt, 47
house foundation problems of, 48, 50–51, 79, 86, 124, 169
cost of project, 171
investments of, 171
motivation for not paying rent for Rembrandt cellar, 51
possible connection with Thijs, 48–50
de Pinto, Ishac (Manuel Alvares Pinto), 169
The Plague (Marcantonio), 183
Pliny the Elder, 193
Ploos van Amstel, Cornelis, 6
van Poelenburgh, Cornelis, 191
Polidoro da Caravaggio, 99
The Polish Rider (Rembrandt), 142, 145
The Poor Painter in His Studio (Viennot), 161
Porcellis, Jan, 17, 73, 163–164, 165
auction of own art by, 164, 187–188
bankruptcy of, 21–22
contract with Delen for panels, 163
exchange of labor for land, 174
girsailles of, owned by Rembrandt, 100
leaves town after bankruptcy, 24
Porrett, Christaen, 180
Portengen, Petrus, 163
Portrait of a Boy (Rembrandt), 142
Portrait of Abraham Francen (Rembrandt), 66, 67
Portrait of a Fair-Haired Man (Rembrandt), 172
Portrait of a Man (Andries de Graeff; Rembrandt), 111–115
Portrait of Andries de Graeff (Quellijn), 115
Portrait of Arnout Tholincx (Rembrandt), 61
Portrait of Balsassare Castiglione (Raphael), 101, 102
Portrait of Cornelis de Graeff (Pickenoy), 114
Portrait of Cornelis Witsen (Quellijn), 9, 116
Portrait of Jacob Trip (Rembrandt), 172
Portrait of Jacques de Gheyn III (Rembrandt), 112, 125, 187
Portrait of Jan Six (Rembrandt), 54, 55, 57–58, 66
Portrait of Jan Wtenbogaert (The Goldweigher; Rembrandt), 97
Portrait of Jeremias de Decker (Rembrandt), 143
Portrait of Margaretha Tulp (Flinck), 59
Portrait of Marten Looten (Rembrandt), 166
Portrait of Nicholas Ruts (Rembrandt), 166
Portrait of Pieter Haringh (Rembrandt), 63
Portrait of Saskia as Flora (Rembrandt), 72, 137–138
Portrait of the Preacher Johannes Ellison (Rembrandt), 172
Portrait of Thomas Jacobsz Haringh (Rembrandt), 65
Potgieter, Everhardus Johannes, 7
Potter, Paulus, 162–163
Potter, Pieter Symonsz, 21, 24
Poussin, Nicholas, 189
Preti, Mattia, 126, 132, 190, 191, 193
Prodigal Son (Rembrandt), 178
Pynas, Jan, 84, 94, 106–107
Pythagoras and the Fishermen (Rosa), 190
Pythagoras Emerging from the Underworld (Rosa), 190
Quellijn, Artus the Elder, 9, 52, 59, 115–116, 184
Quellijn, Artus the Younger, 32–33
Raimondi, Marcantonio, 94, 99, 183
Raphael, 94, 99, 101, 182
Rassieur, Thomas, 36
Ravestein, Joannes, 193
van Ravesteyn, Albert, 164
Reformed Church, 176
van Regteren Altena, I. Q., 170–171
Reisen, Christian, 192
Rembrandt
auctions and, 76, 78, 87–88, 122–123
autonomy of, 110
children of (see van Rijn, Cornelia; van Rijn, Titus)
criticism of as portraitist, 112–116, 118
financial situation of own family at time of bankruptcy, 83
international fame of, 33, 117, 148
keeps company of men of low station, 34
knowledge of ancient artists, 193
late style of, 57–58
legacy of, 156–157
marketing practices of, 123
paramour of (see Dircx, Geertje; Stoffels, Hendrickje)
parents of, 83, 169
patrons and, 34–35, 170.
(See also Rembrandt, disputes with patrons)
relationship with in-laws, 82–83
reluctance to take portrait commissions, 36, 52
reneges on contract to work for van Ludick, 23
servant of, 108
source of commissions, 188
sources of professional income, 28
wife of (see Uylenburgh, Saskia). See also Rembrandt, applies for cessio bonorum; Rembrandt, Breestraat house as primary liability; Rembrandt, collecting practices of; Rembrandt, effects of financial problems on; Rembrandt, financial problem foundation
Rembrandt, applies for cessio bonorum, 69–75, 87
advertisement for sale of graphics, 77
aftermath of, 79–86
family moves to rental dwelling, 79–80
paying creditors, 80–86
Becker, 56–82, 85, 107, 179
D. Francen, 83, 88, 142, 179
Hiskia (sister-in-law), 82–83
I. van Hertsbeeck, 80–82, 88
Kloeck, 80
Titus claim through Crayers, 80–82
van Ludick, 80, 82, 83–85, 88, 106–107, 179
Witsen, 80, 87–88
application process, 70
creditors named in, 70
defining cessio bonorum, 69
overview of, 1–2
Rembrandt justification for, 69
sales of possessions, 75–79
auction of house, 76, 78, 87–88
general contents of, partial, 76
outside Desolate Boedelskamer jurisdiction, 77–78
probable buyers of effects, 78
total earnings from, 76
views on earnings from sales, 76–77
1656 inventory, 72–75, 87, 90–91
absence of house in, 75, 87
absence of items in, 75, 87
first page of, 71
sales outside Desolate Boedelskamer jurisdiction, 75
suggestion of Rembrandt hiding properties, 74–75
thoroughness of, 74
value of paintings in, 73–74
Rembrandt, Breestraat house as primary liability
excessive price of, 168
interest on, 173
new house 1655–1656, 62–69, 87
Dircx released from Gouda House of Correction, 62, 66–67, 87
method of payment to O. van Katenborch, 64–66
purchases new house from O. van Kattenborch, 64
rents space to sell parts of art collection/own products, 62–64
transfers deed of Breestraat home to Titus, 62, 87
transfers mother’s legacy to Titus, 68
overview of, 44
photograph of house, 45
Pinto role in sale of house
own house foundation problems, 48, 50–51, 86, 171
refuses to pay Rembrandt rent for cellar, 51
previous owners of, 46
purchase contract, 46–47, 79–86
purchase of, 44–48, 86
Rembrandt payment on, 170
raising funds for, 47
Rembrandt maneuvers, 1653–1654, 56–62
relationship with Six, 58–62
relationship with Tholincx, Arnout, 60
speculative/clandestine deals, 57
tries collecting debt owed to self, 56
Rembrandt’s loans and, 51–56, 86–87
partial payment to Thijs with monies from, 54–56, 58
Six loan, 53, 57, 58, 171
van Hertsbeeck, Isaack, 53
Witsen loan, 7, 51–53
sale at auction of house, 76, 78, 87–88
sells Leiden property, 168
summary/conclusions,
Thijs role in
assumes control of deed, 48
forces Rembrandt to pay remaining debt, 46–47, 48, 50, 51, 86, 148
possible connection between Pinto/Thijs, 48–50
summons Rembrandt to pay transfer tax for house, 51
transfers promissory note to nephew, 62
Rembrandt, collecting practices of
art purchases, 92–108
from Bassé sale, 93–94, 98
buys art instead of paying off debt after bankruptcy, 106–107
conch shell, 94
Hero and Leander (Rubens), 103–104
Holbein painting after regaining financial footing, 107
Lucas van Leiden prints, 94–97
from N. Bas sale, 99–100
from Porrett sale, 180
private transaction, 105–106
sculptures, 100–101
from Spranger sale, 98–99
from van Someren sale, 93
from Van Uffelen sale, 101–102
art trades, 105, 183
Baldinucci on, 70–72, 89–92, 109
conclusions about, 109
inventory of estate upon Rembrandt death, 107–108
mentality/character of Rembrandt and, 108–109
Pels on, 70–72, 92
personal/artistic reasons for, 91–92, 180
Rembrandt, disputes with patrons
Andries de Graeff, 111–120
background of de Graeff family, 111
consequences of, 118–119
portrait in question, 111–112, 184
possible cause of disagreement
fell out of favor with Dutch court, 184
money, 116, 117–118
money, evidence of earlier disputes over, 116–118
poor likeness, 112–116
slow working pace, 118
as unknown, 112
unwillingness to cultivate elite patronage, 119–120
similarity to disputes with d’Andrade/Ruffo, 118
source of information for, 111
Uylenburgh role in, 111, 117
Antonio Ruffo, 125–133
painting in question, 125–126, 148–152, 189
price reduction tactics of Ruffo, 130–132, 190
Rembrandt response to Ruffo reaction, 132–133
Ruffo reaction to Alexander/Homer, 126–130
Ruffo view on works of Rembrandt after dispute, 133
specific charges to Ruffo, 187
conclusions, 133–135
Diego d’Andrade, 120–125
complaint against Rembrandt, 121
consequences of dispute, 123–124
Rembrandt relationship to Jewish community, 124
location of portrait in question, 121
Rembrandt reply to complaint, 121–122
interpretation of, 122–123
subject of painting, 121
overview of, 110–111
Rembrandt, effects of financial problems on
art/life nexus and, 136–140
changes in production/workplace, 140–147
dealer representation, 145–146
painting supplies, 144
portrait commissions, 141
printmaking production, 141–142
props/costumes, 144–145
trip to England, 146–147
unfinished works, 142–144
works in exchange for debt, 142
conclusions, 155
patronage/perseverance, 148–155
international fame, 148
new start in 1658, 152–155
question about subject of painting for Ruffo, 148–152
Homer/Apelles traditional relation role in, 149–152
Rembrandt, financial problem foundation
decline of wealth, 28
economic conditions, 37–40
effect of Anglo-Dutch Wars on, 38, 39–40
possible shipping investment loss, 38
Hendrickje pregnancy effect on patrons, 58, 60, 87
income, 29–37
academy students, 29
dwindling market, 32
earnings at pinnacle, 29
fees charged, 166
paintings production, 30–31
portraiture, 28–32
print production, 30
sales of student works, 32
shift in taste of regents, 32–33, 166
value of works during lifetime, 29–30
marketing practices, 33–37
clientele, 35–36
cooperative venture with art dealer, 33–34
patrons, 34–35
for prints, 36–37, 89, 90, 91
private/social relationships, 40–43
Rembrandt House Foundation, 13
Rembrandt Research Project, 184
Reni, Guido, 185
de Renialme, Johannes, 33, 57, 61, 123, 166
Reynst, Gerrit, 53
Ribera, Giusseppe, 189
Richelieu (Cardinal), 182
Rich Man and Lazarus (Palma Vecchio), 74
Rieuwersz, Jan, 193
van Rijn, Adriaen (R. brother), 83, 178–179
van Rijn, Cornelia (R. daughter), 42, 56–57, 108, 174, 177
van Rijn, Elisabeth (R. sister), 83, 179
van Rijn, Harmen Gerritsz, 83
van Rijn, Rembrandt Harmensz. See Rembrandt
van Rijn, Titia (R. granddaughter), 108
van Rijn, Titus (R. son), 7, 30
claims of funds from Crayers, 30, 80–82
makes will at age fourteen, 62, 174
as model/portrait sitter, 142, 174
mortgage of goods on Rembrandt behalf, 108
mother’s will and, 10, 40, 68
as print sales representative, 34, 167
as Rembrandt representative with Hendrickje, 33, 80, 123, 145–146
Rembrandt transfers deed of Breestraat home to, 62, 87
sales of father’s property and, 30
Ritsema, Jacob, 105–106
Rodrigues, Salvador, 169
Roelodfsen, Hendrick, 178
de Roever, Nicolaas, 10–11, 160
Roghman, Geertruyd, 163
Roodenburg, Herman, 69
Rosa, Salvator, 131, 185, 190
van Rosweijde, Gysbertge, 172
Röver, Valerius, 6, 170–171
Roy, Ashok, 189–190
Rubens, Peter Paul, 39, 40, 103, 104, 168–169
Ruffo, Antonio, 33, 39, 117, 123, 192
dispute with Rembrandt, 125–133
charges to Ruffo, 30, 187
painting in question, 125–126, 148–152, 189
price reduction tactics of Ruffo, 130–132, 190
Rembrandt response to Ruffo reaction, 132–133
Ruffo reaction to Alexander/Homer, 126–130
Ruffo view on works of Rembrant after dispute, 133
van Ruijven, Pieter, 25
van Ruisdael, Jacob Isaacksz, 26–27, 165
van Ruisdael, Salomon Jacobsz, 26, 188
van Ruysdael, Jacob Salomonsz, 26–27
Sadeler, Aegidius II, 26–27
Saftleven, Herman the Younger, 165
Samaritan Women (Giorgione), 74
Sanders, Hercules, 64
von Sandrart, Joachim, 29, 32, 95, 96–97, 109, 112, 120, 159, 182
Satire on Art Criticism (Rembrandt), 35, 122, 136
Sautijn, Agatha, 172–173
Saverij, Roelandt, 21, 24, 163
Savery, Salomon, 93
Schama, Simon, 13, 168–169
Schatborn, Peter, 78
Scheller, Robert W., 70, 180
Scheltema, Pieter, 8–10
Schmidt-Degener, Frederik, 10, 153, 160
Schrijver, Elisabeth, 190
Schrijver, Willem, 190
Schrijver (Scriverius), Petrus, 190
Schwartz, Gary, 12, 15, 119, 137, 166, 171, 178, 184, 193
sculpture patronage, 185
Second Anglo-Dutch War, 26
Seghers, Hercules Pietersz, 19, 161
Self-Portrait (1658; Rembrandt), 148, 149, 153–155
Self-Portrait at Age 34 (Rembrandt), 102, 104, 167
The Shell (Rembrandt), 94, 95
shells, as collector items, 94, 180
Shuermans, Gerbrecht, 70
van Sichem, Chrispiaen, 166–167
de Silva, Guilleme, 171
Simonsz, Lieven, 178
Six, Jan, 8, 166, 182
Flinck and, 186
loans and, 53, 57, 58, 171
marriage of, 188
paintings bought from Rembrandt, 11, 72
passes promissory note to Ornia, 83–84
portrait by Rembrandt, 54, 55, 57–58, 66, 142
relationship with Rembrandt, 58–62
worth of, compared with brother, 173
Six, Jan (doctor), 174
Six, Pieter, 60, 173, 186
Six, Willem, 174
Sketch after Raphael’s Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (Rembrandt), 103
Slive, Seymour, 37, 90, 165
Slooter, Cornelis, 164, 174
Smijters, Samuel, 93
Smith, John, 6–7
von Solms, Amalia, 186
van Someren, Barent, 93, 166–167
de Sondt, Pieter, 165
Soolmans, Marten, 169, 170
Spiegel, Hendrick Dircksz, 177
Spiering (Silvercrona), Pieter, 95
Spinoza, Baruch, 68
Spinoza, Michael, 68, 175
Spranger, Bartholomeus, 98
Spranger, Constantia, 181
Spranger, Gommer, 98–99, 181
Sprunger, Mary, 161, 167
St. Luke’s Guild, 171, 187–188
Staalmeesters (Rembrandt), 166, 188
Steen, Jan, 17, 23
van der Stock, Pieter Willemsz, 20, 75, 161, 177
Stoffels, Hendrickje (R. paramour), 10, 39, 41, 137–140
illegitimate pregnancy of, 42–43, 58, 60, 87
represents Rembrandt with Titus, 33, 80, 123, 145–146
suspicious claim of property as hers at inventory, 74, 177
Stone, Nicholas I, 163
Strauss, Walter, 11
Stuart, Mary, 184
supplemental income, earned by artist, 162
Suyderhoef, Jonas, 172
Swalmius, Eleazar, 53, 172
Sweerts, Cornelis, 150
van Swieten, Maria Bicker, 60
Talbot, Alethia, 78
Texeira de Sampayo, Manuel, 121
Thijs, Anthonie Hansz, 46, 168–169
Thijs, Catharina, 168
Thijs, Christoffel, 46, 100, 142, 166, 168–169, 170–171
Breestraat house and
assumes control of deed, 48
forces Rembrandt to pay remaining debt, 46–47, 48, 50, 51, 86, 148
Pinto leveling project role in, 48, 50–51, 86, 171
partial payment to, 54–56, 58
transfers promissory note to nephew, 62
possible connection with Pinto, 48–50
Thijs, Hans the younger, 168–169
Thijs, Johann (Hans the elder), 168–169
Thijs (Thysius), Johannes Anthonisz, 168–169
Thins, Maria, 165
Tholincx, Anna, 61
Tholincx, Arnout, 60
Tholincx, Diederick, 60–61
Thoré, Théophile, 8
The Three Crosses (Rembrandt), 140, 141, 174–175
Titian, 148, 192
Titus as a student (Rembrandt), 174
Titus at His Desk (Rembrandt), 142
Titus reading (Rembrandt), 174
van Toll, Pieter, 56
de la Tombe, Jacob, 177
de la Tombe, Nicolaes, 100, 106
de la Tombe, Pieter, 74, 100, 106, 177
Torquinus, Henricus, 61
Trip, Jacob, 170, 172
Trip, Margarita, 165
Trip, Maria, 172–173, 182
Tromp, Maarten Harpertsz, 163
tronies, 28, 32, 72, 166, 173, 174–175
Tuenes, Aeltie, 70
Tulp, Catherina, 60
Tulp, Margaretha, 58, 60, 173, 186, 188
Tulp, Nicolaes, 58–59, 60, 116, 177
van Uffelen, Lucas, 101–102
van Uffelen, Maria, 102–103, 176–177
Uyl, Jan Jansz, 103, 182
Uylenburgh, Gerrit, 162
Uylenburgh, Hendrick, 33, 46, 47, 93, 118, 123
as arbiter of Dancx case, 161
beginning of relationship with Rembrandt, 33–34, 166
workshop established by, 166–167
Uylenburgh, Hiskia, 70, 82–83
van Uylenburgh, Saskia (R. wife), 8
death of, 34, 37
Rembrandt sells grave plot of, 85
will of, 40, 62, 80–81, 168
van Uyttenbroeck, Moyses, 191
Valentiner, W. R., 170
Vallembrot, Giovanni Battista, 127–128
valore di stima, 185
Van Vliet, Jan, 75
Varihol, Nicoló Corridio, 127
van der Veen, Jaap, 13, 31, 102, 121, 176–177
van der Veken, Geertruijd, 171
Venant, Francois, 93
van de Venne, Adriaen Pietersz, 100
Vermeer, Johannes, 13, 17, 24–25, 35
Vermeulen, Jannetje, 177
Verwout, Jan, 78
Vesalius, 107
Victors, Jan, 25–26, 165, 174
Viennot, Nicolas, 161
View of Saxenburg Bloemendaal (“Goldweigher’s Field”; Rembrandt), 49–50, 170–171
View of the Hague (van Goyen), 23, 164–165, 185
de Ville, Guilliam, 161
de Ville, Jacques, 174
van der Vin, Pieter, 164
Vinck, Immetge, 182
Vinck, Nicolaes Sebastiansz, 188
Vingboons, Philips, 169–170
Vinghboons, Arnout, 67
Vlessing, Odette, 68
de Vlieger, Simon, 174
van Vlooswijck, Cornelis, 177
van Vollenhoven, Herman, 163
van den Vondel, Joos, 176
van der Voort, Cornelis, 166–167
van der Voort, Johan, 107
Vos, Jan, 52, 193
Vrancx, Isaac (Isaacq), 70, 74, 76, 143, 177
Vroedschap (Amsterdam ruling regency), 166, 174
Vroom, Cornelis, 188
Vroom, Hendrick, 185
d’Wagen (Dürer), 93
van der Wal, Bert, 161–162
Weekskamer (Orphans Chamber)
on assigning goods to child before bankruptcy, 87
R. transfers house deed to Titus at, 68
records of, 92
Weenix, Jan Baptist, 20, 24, 161–162
de Wees, Abraham, 93
de Wees, Adriaen Hendricksz, 76–77, 177
Weijbrantz, Pieter, 79
van de Wetering, Ernst, 142–143, 144
Weyerman, Jan Campo, 7
White, Christopher, 11, 170–171
Wijnman, Hendrik Frederik, 11
de Wijs, Joris, 23, 85
Wilhelm VIII of Hesse-Kassel, 184
Willarts, Adam, 26, 163
Willem of Orange, 117, 184
Willems, Rebecca (R. servant), 108
Wilmerdoncx, Abraham, 30, 117, 170, 187
de Winter, Maerken, 172–173
Witsen, Cornelis, 22, 79
identification of de Graeff painting and, 184
loan to Rembrandt by, 7, 51–53
Quellijn marble bust of, 9, 116
reason for coming to Rembrandt aid, 171
sale of Rembrandt house and, 78–79, 80, 87–88, 178
as subject of Portrait of a Man, 171
Witsen, Jan Cornelisz, 51–53
de Witt, Johan, 173
de Witt, Maria, 107
de Witte, Emanuel, 22–23, 85, 164
Woman Bathing in a Stream (Callisto; Rembrandt), 137–138, 139, 191
Woman Seated by a Stove (Rembrandt), 167
Wtenbogaert, Jan, 47, 96, 142, 166, 170, 186
Wtewael, Joachim Antonisz, 162
Zell, Michael, 13
Zeuxis, 193
Zoomer, Jan Pietersz, 105
van Zuytbroeck, Neeltgen Willemsdr (R. mother), 83, 169