(Dates have been given for female singers, where possible.)
Actresses' Franchise League 87, 88
Adam, Adolphe 20
Albert, Prince 77
Alboni, Marietta (1826–94) 29, 31, 151, 211, 225, 226, 230, 244
Alda, Frances (1879–1952) 21, 78, 85–86, 92, 101, 109, 310, 339
Alexandra, Princess of Wales 138, 139–140
Amato, Pasquale 107, 109
aria di baule 175–176, 177
Arkel, Madame 116
Armida 183, 184
Arral, Blanche (1864–1945) 191
Arrieta, Emilio
Ildegonda 108
Artôt, Désirée (1835–1907) 150, 151
Asquith, Rt. Hon. Herbert, Earl of Oxford 116
Atherton, Gertrude 73
Auber, Daniel-François-Esprit (1782–1871) 21, 79
La Muette de Portici 19
audience 15, 16, 18, 25, 35, 41, 55, 58, 74, 75, 78, 81, 88, 180, 192–193, 245, 246, 248, 253, 258
Austen, Jane
Emma 55
Austin, Gilbert 252
Auteri-Manzocchi, Salvatore
Stella 194
autobiographies and memoirs 8, 24–25, 31, 39, 42, 58, 70, 71, 83, 109, 111, 114, 118, 123, 142, 196, 203
Bach, Johann Sebastian 77
Bagration, Princess 75
Bahr, Hermann 88
Bahr-Mildenburg, Anna (1872–1947) 88
Balfe, Michael 169, 170
Bandini, Andrea 175, 188
Barbaja, Domenico 137, 167, 169
Barbieri-Nini, Marianna (1818–87) 207, 258
baritone 216, 223
Baroni, Leonora (1590–1640) 288
Barnum, Phineas Taylor 32
Barthe-Banderali, Anna (n.d.) 112
Barthes, Roland 38, 239
Bashkirtseff, Marie (1859–84) 13, 73–75, 89
journal 73–74
feminism 73
purposes in singing 74
bass 214
Bassi, Madame 228
Beale, Willert 121, 122
Beerbohm Tree, Sir Herbert 116
Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770–1827)
Fidelio 14, 62, 64, 182, 184, 205, 236, 237, 240, 241, 244, 245, 251, 262, 264
Belgiojoso, Cristina (Trivulzio), Princess of 137
Bellincioni, Cesare 130, 132, 133
Bellincioni, Gemma (1864–1950) 123, 130–133, 176, 196, 207, 274
relationship with mother 130–133
retirement 202, 203
as Salome 202
dramatic performance 254, 272
Bellini, Vincenzo (1801–35) 42, 174, 180, 209, 226, 235, 300
Beatrice di Tenda 173
Bianca e Fernando 174
I Capuleti e i Montecchi 12, 226
I puritani 16, 252
La sonnambula 21, 173, 217, 234, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 260, 263
La straniera 12, 183, 184
Norma 12, 16, 19, 28, 77, 173, 180, 213, 234, 235, 281, 300
Beltramelli, Giuditta (1834–?) 201
Berg, Alban
Wozzeck 213
Lulu 267
Berlioz, Hector 50, 59, 77, 163, 226, 239, 261
Bermani, Benedetto 27, 33, 123
Beringer, Mrs Oscar 87
Bernard, Madame 195
Bernau, Chiara (1852–1901) 194
Bernhardt, Sarah 244, 245–247, 253, 270
Bernini, Drusilla (n.d.) 105
Berry, Maria Carolina di Borbone, Duchess of 136
Bertin, Louise (1805–77) 10
Biagioli, Carolina Herdlizka (n.d.) 190
Billington, Elizabeth (1765–1818) 31, 42
Birds of Rhiannon 36
Bishop, Anna (1810–84) 7, 40, 154–158
touring 193
Bishop, Sir Henry 154–158
Bizet, Georges (1838–75) 21, 108
Carmen 12, 13, 217, 218, 228, 229, 267–270, 339
Blaze de Bury, Henri 245, 246
Blessington, Marguerite 19, 74
The Two Friends 55
Boccabadati, Augusta (?–1875) 197
Boccabadati, Luigia (1800–50) 197
Boccabadati, Virginia (1828–1922) 197–202, 275, 326
Bochsa, Nicholas 154–158
Boeticher, Herr 77
Boito, Arrigo (1842–1918) 20, 210, 254
Mefistofele 270
Bolton, Mary Catherine (Lady Thurlow) 152
Bonini, Emilia (fl.1813–29) 191
Bori, Lucrezia (1887–1960) 83, 160, 178
Borodin, Alexander Porfir'yevich 10
Bosio, Angiolina (1830–59) 186, 265–266
Bouhy, Jacques (1848–1929) 100, 140
Brambilla, Marietta (1807–75) 231
Braslau, Sophie (fl. 1913–22) 229
Brema, Marie (1856–1925) 87–88, 229, 309
Brenna, Guglielmo 225
Brignoli, Pasquale 252
Briones, Joaquina García (1780–1854) 239
Brühl, Karl von 181
Bülow, Hans von 139
Burger, Sophie 237
Butt, Clara (1872–1936) 140
Byron, Lord George Gordon Noel
The Island 37
Callas, Maria (1923–77) 2
Callender, May 77
Calvé, Emma (1858–1942) 8, 14, 93, 112, 207, 211, 229, 275
early performances 189
travesti roles 248–251
dramatic performance 261, 268–270, 272
Campo-Reale, Princess: Maria Anna Zoe Rosalia Beccadelli di Bologna 75
Camporese, Violante (also given as Camporesi) (1785–1839) 188
Carelli, Emma (1877–1928) 270
Caruso, Enrico (1873–1921) 4, 101, 103
Carlyle, Thomas 288, 317
Castil-Blaze, François-Henri-Joseph 180
Castlereagh, Lord 31
castrato 3–4, 59, 164, 214, 216, 225
Catalani, Angelica (1780–1849) 8, 14, 15, 40, 56, 167, 168–169, 184, 192, 248
Cather, Willa 35, 59, 66, 67, 68, 148–149
The Diamond Mine 314
Scandal 148–149
The Song of the Lark 66, 68
Cattaneo, Nicolò 257
Cavalieri, Lina (1874–1944) 192, 273
Censi, Virginia (n.d.) 193
Cerrito, Fanny 258
Cesari, Pietro 310
Chambers, Ada (n.d.) 142
Charpentier, Gustave
Louise 146, 267
Chekhov, Anton
Uncle Vanya 37
Chekhov, Michael 256
Chorley, Henry Fothergill 19, 152, 227, 238, 243, 260, 265, 267
Cilea, Francesco (1866–1950)
L'arlesiana 12
Circe 47
Cirelli, Camillo 137, 195
Cirillo, Duke of 130
Clairon, Claire Josèphe Hippolyte Léris de la Tude 241
Clément, Catherine 9–11, 17
Clemens, Susy 114–115, 117
Code Napoleon 214
Colbran, Isabella (1785–1845) 40, 121, 137, 189, 190, 206–207, 215, 330, 232
Comelli, Adelaide (1796–1845) 150, 167, 169
Commettant, Oscar 92
conductor 117, 125, 169–170, 171, 178, 182–184, 211–212, 218
conservatoires 49, 76, 91, 92, 103, 114, 130
female access to 103–105
chaperonage 105
numbers of women students 106–107
advantages of 107–108
standards of teaching 108–109
student life 107, 109
contralto 29, 88, 214–215
disappearance of 222–225
roles 225–230
convenienze 27, 163–166, 171, 172
Coquelin, Benoit Constant 255
Corinaldesi, Orsola (n.d.) 192
Corradi Panatelli, Clorinda (n.d.) 175
Correa, Lorenza (1773–?) 232
Cortesi, Adelaide (n.d.) 200
Cortesi, Letizia (fl. 1822–32) 170, 171
Cox, Bessie 70
critical reception 33, 35, 38, 134, 177
Crotch, William 12
Cruvelli, Sophie (1826–1907) 140, 189
Cuzzoni, Francesca (1696–1778) 43
Czillag, Rosa (n.d.) 262
Dal Monte, Toti (1893–1975) 150, 203
D'Alvarez, Marguerite (1886–1953) 111, 191
D'Annunzio, Gabriele
La Gioconda 37
Dante Alighieri 36
D'Aoust, Marquis 79
Da Ponte, Lorenzo 192
David, Giovanni 215
Davies, Maggie 87
Davies, Marion 73
De Angelis, Hilda 87
De Beauvoir, Simone 4–5
De Boigne, Charles 59, 184
Debussy, Claude 116
Pelléas et Mélisande 12, 213, 228, 271
De Cisneros, Eleanora (1878–1934) 88, 113, 140
Decroux, Etienne 255
D'Eyrel, Francesco 90
De Forest, Carol 77
De Gresac, Fred 300
De Grey, Gladys, Marchioness of Ripon 19, 138
De Hegermann-Lindencrone, Lillie 79–81, 89, 102, 129
early study in London 79
marriage 79
study in Paris 79
as composer 79
professional career 80
dramatic training 255–257
De Laferté, Vicomte de 187
De Lagrange, Anna (1824–1905) 98, 140, 242
Delle Sedie, Enrico 79, 91
De Lussan, Zélie (1861–1949) 229
De Melcy, Vicomte Gérard 32, 150
De Pontmartin, comte Armand 192
Delsarte, François 79, 252, 255–257
De Muro Lomanto, Enzo 150
De Reszke, Jean 4, 93, 97, 114, 118, 141, 142, 330
De Staël, Madame (Anne-Louise-Germaine)
Corinne, ou, L'Italie 59
Destinn, Emmy (1878–1930) 110
De Trabadelo, Ange-Pierre 101
De Valabrèque, P. 167, 169
Devrient, Eduard 237
Devrient, Ludwig 237
Diderot, Denis 208, 242, 259
Döme, Zoltan 159
domestic music-making 47, 58, 73, 74, 138
as artistic enterprise 78
contact with professionals 75
drawing-room prima donnas 64, 71–81, 89
middle- and upper-class singers 47, 76, 79
reasons for singing 72
salons and private concerts 76
Donizetti, Gaetano 10–11, 20, 171–172, 180, 193, 226
Anna Bolena 16, 173
La donna del lago 184
La Favorite 193
La Fille du régiment 14
Le convenienze ed inconvenienze teatrali 122, 123, 169–170
Le Duc d'Albe 10
Linda di Chamounix 226
Lucia di Lammermoor 12, 28, 171, 180, 210, 263
Lucrezia Borgia 16, 28, 217, 261
Maria Stuarda 169, 170, 241
Pia de' Tolomei 171
Dorus-Gras, Julie (1805–1896) 11
dramatic performance 29, 35, 65, 178, 207, 231
costumes 142, 241–242, 244, 251, 268, 272
criticism of 207
declamation 238–239
difficulties of 210–213, 258
en travesti [cross-dressing] 61, 174, 214, 225, 243
gesture 205, 206, 233–235, 237, 240, 244, 245, 252–254, 255, 257, 259, 268–270, 272
idealism 207–209, 260–266, 273
realism 207–209, 266–274
theories of 207–210
Duff, Sarah Robinson 99, 101, 143, 145
Dukas, Paul (1865–1935) 10
Dukes, George 113
Du Maurier, George
Trilby 44–46, 115, 116, 119, 264
Dupeget, Oliverio 149–150
Duprez, Gilbert-Louis 4, 112, 172, 216, 244, 245
Duse, Eleonora 207, 240, 268, 270
Duvéyrier, Anne-Honoré-Joseph, pseud. Mélesville (1787–1865) 11
Eames, Emma (1865–1952) 19, 77, 83, 100, 127–128, 160, 179, 202, 203, 261, 263
Easton, Florence (1882–1955) 212–213
Ebers, John 167–169, 186, 188, 191
Edvina, Louise (1880–1948) 82
Eichendorff, Joseph Freiherr von
Waldesgespräch 37
Eliot, George 27, 59, 62–64, 67
Armgart 58, 62–65, 85
Daniel Deronda 64–66, 68, 152
Engel, Johann Jakob
Ideen zu einer Mimik 208, 252, 269
Erlanger, Camille
Aphrodite 272
Esty, Alice (1864–1935) 87
Eunicke, Johanna (1800–56) 188
Farrar, Geraldine (1882–1967) 83, 109, 141, 272, 310
Fauré, Gabriel 116
Fava, Fosca (n.d.) 106
Favelli, Stefania (n.d.) 151
Fay, Amy 138, 139–140
Ferdinand II 103
Ferrari, Giacomo 329
Ferrarini, Giulio Cesare 192, 197–201
Ferrarini, Giulio 192, 194
Festa Maffei, Francesca (1778–1835) 194–195
Fétis, François-Joseph 192
Filippini, Carolina (n.d.) 105
Flaubert, Gustave 59
Flécheux, Marie (1815–42) 160
Florimo, Francesco 104
Fodor-Mainvielle, Joséphine (1789–1870) 180, 236
Foote, Maria (Countess of Harrington) 152
Forconi, Felicita (1819–?) 29, 31
Foscolo, Ugo 39
Frandin, Lison (1854–1911) 192
Friedrich Wilhelm II 124
Fremstad, Olive (1871–1951) 66, 68, 82, 86, 229
Frezzolini, Erminia (1818–84) 30, 31, 35, 42, 173, 261
Gabbi, Adalgisa (1857–?) 106
Gabbi, Carolina (1820–?) 105
Galletti Gianoli, Isabella (1835–1901) 202
Galli-Curci, Amelita (1882–1963) 83, 103, 261
Galli-Marié, Célestine (1840–1905) 267, 268
Galve, comtesse de 137
Garcia, Gustave (1837–1925) 252, 337
García, Manuel I (1775–1832) 96, 126, 235
Garcia, Manuel II (1805–1906) 79, 80, 91, 97, 102, 112, 121
Garden, Mary (1874–1967) 57, 87, 99–101, 178, 315
study in Paris 99–101, 143
sponsorship by the Mayers 142–149
desire for independence 145, 160
accusations of immorality 146–147
sexual harassment 147, 190
dispute with Mayers 146–147
dramatic performance 261, 270–273, 274
Gaskell, Elizabeth 71, 72
Gaskell, Marianne 72, 73
Gatti-Casazza, Giulio 85
Gautier, Théophile 205, 223, 325
Coerulei oculi 37
Gazzuoli, Antonio 197
Geale, Josephine, née Clark 77–78
Generali, Pietro
Il voto di Jefte 175
Gentil, Louis 160
Georges, Marguerite 332
Gerster, Etelka (1855–1920) 140
Gibelli, Lorenzo 111
Giddens, Mrs George 87
Giglioli, Lucia (n.d.) 105
Gigli, Beniamino 4
Gigliucci, Count Giovanni Battista 126–127, 151
Giordano, Umberto (1867–1948) 10
Giorgi Righetti, Geltrude Maria (1793–1862) 1, 26, 275
Giovannini, Luigia (n.d.) 105
Giraldoni, Leone 97
Gissing, George
Thyrza 44
Giuglini, Antonio 311
Gleeson-White, Cicely 82
Gluck, Christoph Willibald Ritter von
Iphigénie en Aulide 12
Orfeo ed Euridice 59, 62, 63, 66, 248
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 236
Goldoni, Carlo
L'Impresario delle Smirne 163
Gomes, Carlos
Il Guarany 77
Gonsalez, Giuseppe (fl. c. 1900–35) 21
Gounod, Charles-François 21, 77, 79, 256
Faust 13, 22, 217, 226, 263, 266, 267, 337
Roméo et Juliette 138–139
Gower, Fred 128, 134, 159
Grainger, Percy 116
Grassi, Maddalena (n.d.) 40
Grehier, Leon 145, 147
Grisi, Ernesta (1819–99) 223
Grisi, Giuditta (1805–40) 151
Grisi, Giulia (1811–69) 15, 16, 31, 149–150, 153, 186, 192, 205
Grünbaum, Caroline (1814–68) 170, 171, 194
Guadagni, Gaetano 59
Guarducci, Mlle (n.d.) 130
Guilbert, Yvette 270
Guglielmi, Pietro 203
Gunsberg, Raoul 191
Gutheil-Schoder, Marie (1874–1935) 261
Hahn, Reynaldo 93, 98, 224
Hähnel, Amalie (1807–49) 77
Hammerstein, Oscar 88, 125, 190
Handel, George Frideric 43
Harris, Captain 152
Haweis, H. Reginald 52, 53, 69, 72
Haydn, Joseph 62
La canterina 121
Hazlewood, C. H. 21
Hazlitt, William 38
Heine, Heinrich
Die Lorelei 36
Heinefetter, Clara (1816–57) 124
Hempel, Frieda (1885–1955) 109, 124
Hepburn, Patrick 114
Herbert, Victor 82
Hérold, Ferdinand
Zampa 49
Hesse, Hermann
Gertrude 55
Hippolytus of Rome 285
Hoffmann, E. T. A. 264
Councillor Krespel 43, 45–46
Hoffmann, Paul 21
Holmès, Augusta (1847–1903) 279
Holmes, Vera 87
Homer, Louise (1871–1947) 229
Höngen, Elisabeth (1906–97) 82, 102
Howard, Kathleen (1880–1956) 83, 110–111, 141–142, 211, 270, 275
Hugo, Victor
Notre Dame 54
Huneker, James 35, 57, 271, 273
Bedouins 57
Painted Veils 43–45
Hund, Alicia 139
Hunt, Ernest 71
Hunt, Leigh 39, 126
husbands 32, 43, 55, 61, 63, 81, 84, 85, 87, 114, 118, 120–121, 124, 130, 137, 150, 152, 166, 167, 169, 172, 194
antagonistic towards singers' careers 151, 152–153, 159
supportive of singers' careers 159
marital authority 153–154, 157
mockery of 158–159
Hyde, General Thomas 127
Ibsen, Henrik
A Doll's House 158
The Lady from the Sea 37
impresarios 28, 32, 80, 85, 116, 117, 121, 124, 125, 130, 131, 158–159, 164, 166, 167–170, 171, 180, 186, 191, 197, 200
on greed of singers 184–185
on singers' fees 186
negotiation 187–188
sexual harassment 190–191
problems with singers' health 194–195
Janáček, Leos 10
Jenůfa 14, 228
Jason 47
Jenoure, Aida 87
Jerome, St 36
Joan of Arc, St 11
Jones, Rosalie 85
Kellogg, Clara Louise (1842–1916) 68, 82, 113, 128–129, 138–139, 143, 149, 212, 242, 252, 264
Kemble Sartoris, Adelaide (1814–79) 203
Kemble, Fanny [Frances Anne] 291
Kienzl, Nina 137
Kingsley, Charles
Westward Ho! 37
Kittl, Jan Bedrich
Bianca und Giuseppe, oder Die Franzosen vor Nizza 19
Klafsky, Katharina (1855–96) 251
Klein, Hermann 244, 245, 263
Krafft-Ebing, Richard von 251
Kyntherland, Maria Cascelli 175–176
Lablache, Luigi 72, 77, 205
Laickham, Baroness 75
Lanari, Alessandro 171, 194, 195, 197
Laporte, Pierre François 186
Larkcom, Agnes (n.d.) 87
Lasalle, Jean 330
Lavater, Johann 54
Leclerc, Jean Baptiste 38
Lee, George J. Vandeleur 94–95
Lehmann, Carl 152
Lehmann, Lilli (1848–1929) 77, 97, 108, 109, 152, 211, 221, 267
Lehmann, Liza (1862–1918) 87, 88
Lehmann, Lotte (1888–1976) 83, 92, 109, 212
Leonardo, Leo 62, 64
Leo, Rosa (n.d.) 87
Leoncavallo, Ruggero
Pagliacci 267
Zazà 267
Leroux, Gaston
The Phantom of the Opera 43, 45, 264
Levik, Sergei 20
Lewes, G. H. 62
Lichtenthal, Peter 49, 214, 224
Lincoln, Abraham 79
Lincoln, Marianne (1822–85) 292
Lind, Jenny (1820–87) 32, 77, 78, 79, 149, 152, 153, 175, 192, 230, 255, 261
Lipkowska, Lydia (1882–1955) 88
List, Elise (1822–93) 120
List, Lina (n.d.) 120
Liszt, Franz 39, 139
Litvinne, Céline (n.d.) 112
Litvinne, Félia (1860–1936) 112, 137, 189, 191
Lloyd, Marie 224
Loew, Marie (n.d.) 152
Loewe, Sofia (1812–66) 174
Lorelei see singers, image, sirens
Lubin, Germaine (1890–1979) 160
Lucca, Pauline (1841–1908) 266
Lumley, Benjamin 32, 35, 125, 151
Lusignani, Carolina (n.d.) 105
Lyne, Felice (1891–1935) 310
MacDonnell, Mrs Hercules (n.d.) 75
Macready, William 205, 241
Mainzer, Joseph 50–52, 53, 69
Malibran, Eugène 126
Malibran, Maria Garcia (1808–36) 2, 15, 32, 55, 59, 60, 82, 96, 102, 115, 116, 121, 126, 187, 193, 215, 221, 233, 251
dramatic performance 239–243, 255, 261, 264
travesti roles 244, 245
Mancini, Giovanni Battista 329
Mantelli, Eugenia (1860–1926) 229
Mantius, Eduard 77
Mapleson, Colonel James Henry 21, 22–23, 130
Marcello, Benedetto 33, 121, 163
Marchelli, Domenico 200
Marchesi, Blanche (1863–1940) 45, 93–94, 112, 114–115, 218
Marchesi, Matilde (1821–1913) 84–85, 97, 98, 100–101, 123, 124, 125, 140
Marchisio, Barbara (1833–1914) 203
Maretzek, Max 21, 23, 32, 42, 102, 123, 150
Maria Isabella di Borbone, Queen of Naples 136
Maria Luigia, Duchess of Parma 104
Mariani, Rosa (1799–1832) 224, 331
Mario, Giovanni Matteo, Cavaliere de Candia 82, 150, 315
Marliani, Marco Aurelio
Ildegonda 15, 16
Mascagni, Pietro 207
Cavalleria rusticana 268
Massenet, Jules 79, 227
Cendrillon 227
Esclarmonde 73
Manon 267
Thaïs 267, 271–272
Werther 12
Mattei, Saverio 91
Matzenauer, Margarethe (1881–1963) 229
Maurel, Victor 112, 137, 301
Mayer, David 143–149, 190
Mayer, Florence 99, 142–149, 190
Mayhew, Henry 42
Mayr, Simon
Atar, ossia Il seraglio d'Ormus 19
Che originali 231
Ginevra di Scozia 192
Medea in Corinto 14, 136–137, 167, 169, 173, 175, 234, 337
La rosa bianca e la rosa rossa 167, 169
Mazzarelli, Rosina (n.d.) 151
Mazzoleni, Esther (1882–1982) 151, 217
McKinlay, Jean Sterling 87
Melba, Nellie (1861–1931) 15, 83, 97, 138, 196, 202, 222, 230, 309
Mendelssohn, Felix 53, 75
Menotti, Delfino 270
Mercadante, Saverio
Il giuramento 49
Meredith, George
Vittoria 43, 44
Merlin, María de las Mercedes Santa Cruz y Montalvo, comtesse de 96, 177
Metastasio, Pietro 91
Meux, Mrs Thos. 87
Meyerbeer, Giacomo (1791–1864) 21, 32, 173, 180, 262
Dinorah 81
Les Huguenots 16, 72, 213, 261
Le Prophète 16, 173, 227–228, 229, 253
Robert le diable 170, 171, 180, 199
Vielka 175
mezzo-soprano 54, 72, 87, 88, 215, 221, 228
Micheroux, Alessandro 135–137, 175, 187
Milanov, Zinka (1906–89) 102, 273
Milder-Hauptmann, Anna (1785–1838) 185
Millöcker, Carl 21
Moja, Teresa (n.d.) 123
Monkswell, Lady Mary 71, 72
Monti, Marianna (1730–1814) 315
Moore, Bertha 87
Moore, Decima (1871–1964) 87
Moore, George
Evelyn Innes 43–45
Sister Theresa 43
Morandi, Rosa (1782–1824) 247
Morgan, Lady Sydney 299
Moriani, Napoleon 13, 325
Morley, Henry 262, 267
Morrochesi, Antonio 29, 252
Moulton, Charles 79
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 172
Die Zauberflöte 77, 211, 244, 245
Don Giovanni 12, 16, 267
Le nozze di Figaro 81, 227, 244, 245, 248
Mukle, May 113
Musi, Claudio 169–170, 171
music and moral influence 22, 38, 47, 63, 69, 89, 291
Musorgsky, Modest Petrovich
Boris Godunov 14, 19
Naldi, Caroline, comtesse de Sparre (fl. 1819–23) 151
Napoleon III, 79
Nasolini, Sebastiano 248
Neville, Henry 252
Nicolai, Otto
Die lustigen Weiber von Windsor 211
Nicolini, Giuseppe 175
Abenamet e Zoraide 244, 245
Nilsson, Christine (1843–1921) 80, 98, 129, 248, 263, 315
Nordica, Lillian (1857–1914) 70, 71, 86–87, 88, 128, 133–135, 149, 153, 255, 315
marriage 159
end of career 202
on Brünnhilde 219
vocal development 221–222
dramatic performance 336
Normanby, Lady 77
Norreys, Lady 76
Norton, Amanda 128, 133–135, 149
Norton, Edwin 133, 135
Norton, Onie 134
Norton, Wilhelmina 133
Nourrit, Adolphe 4, 215, 244
Novello, Clara (1818–1908) 13, 126–128, 151, 248
Novello, Mary Sabilla 126–127
Novello, Vincent 126
Novotna, Jarmila (1907–94) 221, 273
Offenbach, Jacques 20
Les Contes d'Hoffmann 32–33, 221
Old Price riots, Covent Garden 184
opera houses
Monte Carlo Opera House 191
Théâtre de la Monnaie, Brussels 248
Britain, theatres
Covent Garden 19, 39, 88, 138, 142, 184, 205, 244, 262
Her Majesty's Theatre 15, 16, 19, 266
[also known as] King's Theatre 167
London Opera House 310
France, theatres
Paris Opéra 108, 134
Opéra-Comique 108, 146, 268
Opéra-National 20
Théâtre-Italien 137, 149, 179, 180, 187, 199, 205
Théâtre Lyrique 59, 80
Germany, theatres
Bayreuth 20, 88, 221, 222
Hoftheater, Dresden 182
Hoftheater, Berlin 169, 170, 179, 180, 181, 184, 185–186, 211
Italy, theatres
politeami 20
Teatro Carlo Felice, Genoa 117, 174
Teatro Comunale, Bologna 175, 179, 188
Teatro Comunale, Cormons 117
Teatro Comunale, Modena 192
Teatro della Concordia, Cremona 186
Teatro Costanzi, Rome 20, 270, 328
Teatro La Fenice, Venice 194
Teatro Lauro Rossi, Macerata 197–198, 199, 200, 201
Teatro Metastasio, Prato 211
Teatro Nuovo, Spoleto 193
Teatro Nuovo, Naples 244, 245
Teatro della Pergola, Florence 20, 171
Teatro Regio, Parma 3, 164, 169, 179, 192, 200
Teatro Regio, Turin 20, 179
Teatro di San Carlo, Naples 3, 136, 180, 193, 333
Teatro alla Scala, Milan 39, 118, 129, 190, 192, 228, 241, 244, 245, 270
Teatro della Società, Rovigo 198
Teatro di Torre Argentina, Rome 172, 194
Teatro dell'Unione, Viterbo 199
Russia, theatres
Bol'shoy, St Petersburg 265
Mariinsky, St Petersburg 202, 322
Narodnïy Dom, St Petersburg 20
USA, theatres
Niblo's Garden, New York 20
Palmo's Opera House, New York 20
Manhattan Opera House 88, 147
Metropolitan Opera House, New York 78, 86, 88, 103, 222, 229
Tivoli Opera House, San Francisco 20
Vienna, theatres
Kärntnertortheater 318
Theater an der Wien 318
operatic marketplace 15, 2, 3–45, 57, 90, 135–137, 161, 221, 254
Orlandi, Elisa (1811–33?) 175
Orpheus 47, 55, 63, 67, 89
Oxenberry, W. H. 21
Pacetti, Iva (1898–1981) 82, 129, 211
Pacini, Giovanni 75
Pacini, Luigi 131
Paisiello, Giovanni
Nina 167, 169, 231, 235
Palgrave Turner, Mary 87
Pallerini, Antonietta 207
Palliser, Esther (1872–?) 87, 88
Pankhurst, Emmeline 85, 86
Panofka, Heinrich 79, 218, 227
Pasta, Clelia 196
Pasta, Giuditta (1797–1865) 14, 40, 55, 135–137, 159, 170, 171, 173, 175–176, 186, 187, 189, 190, 193, 203, 207, 215, 239, 260, 275, 300
contract with King's Theatre, London 167–168, 169
in Norma 179, 180
dispute at Théâtre-Italien 180
fees in London 186
enjoyment in singing 189
motherhood 196
end of career 202
dramatic performance 233–236, 240, 254, 260
travesti roles 226, 243, 244
Pasta, Giuseppe 159
patrons and patronage 23, 99, 110, 114, 135–149
female patrons 137
relationships with singers 141
Patti, Adelina (1843–1919) 15, 40, 70, 71, 95, 185, 211, 229, 242
Patmore, Coventry
The Angel in the House 6
Pellegrini Celoni, Anna (n.d.) 203
Pelzet, Ferdinando 253
Pelzet, Maddalena 255
Penco, Rosina (1823–94) 326
Petrov, Osip Afanas'yevich 321
Piave, Francesco Maria 174
Picchi, Ermanno 223
Piccolomini, Marietta (1834–99) 82, 89, 125, 151, 254, 326
dramatic performance 265–266, 267
Pirandello, Luigi 240
Pisaroni, Benedetta Rosmunda (1793–1872) 41, 191, 224, 244, 331
Poizat, Michel 37
Ponchielli, Amilcare
La Gioconda 12, 228
Ponselle, Rosa (1897–1981) 7, 90, 103, 229, 272
Potocki, Count 183, 184
Predieri, Luca Antonio
Zenobia 61
Prividali, Luigi 231
protettore 28, 135–137
Puccini, Giacomo
La bohème 12, 232
La fanciulla del West 14, 15
Madama Butterfly 12, 13, 213, 217–218
Manon Lescaut 267
Tosca 11, 12, 161, 176, 217, 267
Puzzi, Giacinta Toso (1808–89) 311
Quilter, Roger 116
Raaf, Anton 172
Rachel (Elisa Felix) 255
Rachelle, Laudelia Giuseppina 291
Raisa, Rosa (1893–1963) 221
Randeggar, Madame 113
Rastrelli, Giuseppe 182–184
Ray, William 114
Reed, Fanny 144
rehearsals 28, 43, 125, 168, 172, 180, 182–183, 194, 210–211
Reichardt, Johann Friedrich 54
Rellstab, Ludwig 236
Reynolds, Sir Joshua 31
Ricci, Federico
Il disertore per amore 77
Richardson, Josiah 97
Richardson, Miss 129
Ricordi, Giulio 181
Ricordi, Tito 116, 118, 274
Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai 321, 322
The Maid of Pskov 321
The Tsar's Bride 322
Mlada 322
Ritorni, Carlo 70, 71, 170, 171, 226, 233
Riviere, Robert 155
Ritter, Fanny Raymond 68–69, 138
Robert, Edouard 187
Robertson, Henry 248
Rode, Pierre 56
Rogers, Clara Kathleen (1844–1931) 95
Ronconi, Giorgio 244
Ronzi De Begnis, Giuseppina (1800–53) 193
Roosevelt, Blanche (1853–98) 98, 248
Roser Balfe, Lina (1808–88) 169–170
Rosmini, Enrico 153–154, 194, 195
Rossini, Gioachino 79, 1<, 10, 112, 121, 126, 172, 178, 190, 222–223, 225, 226, 227, 247
La cenerentola 225, 232
Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra 206
Guillaume Tell 19, 49, 216, 244, 245
Il barbiere di Siviglia 172, 175, 225, 229
Il turco in Italia 231
Le Comte Ory 227
L'italiana in Algeri 14
Mosè in Egitto 200
Otello 13, 167, 169, 173, 175, 182, 184, 209, 243, 245
Semiramide 81, 167, 169, 180
Tancredi 167, 168–169, 173, 175–176, 179, 225, 243, 247
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 5
Essai sur l'origine des langues 38
Ryley, Madeleine Lucette 87
Rubens, Victor and Mrs 142
Rubini, Giovanni Battista 4, 77, 150, 167, 169, 185, 215, 329
Rubini, Margherita 170, 171
rusalki see singers, image, sirens
Ruskin, John 69, 74
Sesame and Lilies 52
Salvini-Donatelli, Fanny (?1815–1891) 40
Saint-Saëns, Camille 75
Samson et Dalila 211, 228, 267
Samoyloff, Giulia 137
Sanelli, Gualtiero
Gusmano il prode 200
Sand, George 35, 49, 59, 60–61, 63, 67
Consuelo 60–62, 68
Sanderson, Sybil (1865–1903) 73, 82, 146
Sandwich, Lady 76
Sannazzaro, Carlotta 108
Santley, Sir Charles 248
Sanvitale, Count Stefano 170, 171
Saxony, Queen of 138
Sayão, Bidú (1902–99) 328
Sbriglia, Giovanni 99, 100
Scalia, Tina Whitaker (1858–1957) 77
Schmalz, Augusta (n.d.) 244, 245
Schneitzhoeffer, (Jean) 160
Schopenhauer, Arthur 59
Schreiner, Olive 220
Schröder, Friedrich 237
Schröder-Devrient, Wilhelmine (1804–60) 42, 173–174, 207, 215, 233, 251
at Dresden 182–184
moral conduct 183–184
custody of children 196
travesti roles 226, 243, 244, 245, 330
dramatic performance 236–239, 261, 264
Schubert, Franz 53
Schulz, Josefine (given by Kutsch as ‘Schulze’) (1790–1880) 181, 185–186
Schumann, Clara 120, 139, 236
Schumann, Robert 53
Schumann-Heink, Ernestine (1861–1936) 83–84, 124, 137, 225, 230
Scott, Sir Walter
The Bride of Lammermoor 54
Scribe, Eugène 11
Scuderi, Sara (1906–87) 103, 129, 217
Seidler, Carolina (Karolina) (1790–1872) 174
Severini, Carlo 187
Shalyapin, Fyodor 178, 192, 273
Shaw, Bessie 72, 73, 94
Shaw, George Bernard 52, 72, 93, 94, 108, 118, 268–269
Shaw, Lucy Carr 87, 94
Sherwin, Amy 87
Siddons, Sarah 332
singers
as artists 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 75, 84, 85–86, 98, 112, 179, 184, 202, 274
as composers 59, 88
career 67, 68, 69
developing a 120, 124–126, 189
as escape 73, 110, 128
legitimisation 68
pleasure in 140, 160, 189, 203
temporality 64
celebrity 40, 57, 162
confidence 192–193
contracts 57, 124, 132, 142, 153–154, 167–170, 171, 180, 181–182, 194–195
education 27, 29, 104, 111–112
eroticism 42, 44–45, 46, 272
figlie dell'arte 82, 116, 121, 130, 197, 231, 239, 255
freedom 70, 71, 83, 89, 112, 145, 160, 162, 179
image 4–5, 22–23, 29, 31, 58, 73
critical reception 35, 57
discourses on 31–33, 35, 57, 58, 68–69, 161
fictional 27, 32–33, 35, 58, 59, 60, 143
odes and sonnets 29–31, 35, 40
pornography 31, 42, 45
proto-feminist 34, 59
sirens 36, 47, 55, 60, 150; Lorelei 36; rusalki 36; undine 36; nineteenth-century representations 36–37; and music 36, 37–38; and opera 38–40; and prima donnas 32, 40–47, 56–57, 58
songbirds 32, 47, 57, 58, 69
superwoman 57, 58
independence
personal 61, 62, 63, 64, 65–66, 67, 145, 152, 160, 162
financial 33, 56, 69, 73, 127, 158
sexual 33, 44, 56
influence in opera house management 162, 184
lack of success 113–119
lesbianism 160
as managers 168
marriage 29, 43, 63, 64, 72, 86, 114, 120, 126–128, 130, 134, 149–160, 300
titled marriages 151–152
legislation 153–154
pre-marital contracts 130, 153
divorce 127, 196
menstruation 194
middle- and upper-class 73, 82–83, 92, 116, 128, 139, 143, 162, 179, 255
morality 27, 29, 33, 46, 55, 56, 61, 82, 111, 124, 128–129, 146, 183–184
as moral ‘agent’ 69, 89
motherhood 43, 61, 65–66, 84, 104, 133, 154–156, 158, 195–197
political activity 86
physical appearance 191–192, 194–195, 273
pregnancy 32, 160, 170, 181, 194–196
relationship with composers 172
retirement 129, 150–152, 195, 202
salaries and fees 15, 56, 127, 153–154, 156–157, 161, 162, 167, 168, 180, 181–182, 184–189, 229–230
sexual harassment 147, 190–191
working-class 138, 140, 231
singing
decadence in 91
expressive possibilities 210
theories about 49, 90
and health 51, 69–70, 115, 193
corsets 70–71
and character 54
moral influence of 50–54
pleasure in 74–75, 202
tuition 22, 23, 46, 47, 50–54, 76, 79, 90–119, 139, 140
science 91, 115, 161
methodologies 90, 91–92, 93–103
respiration 70–71, 97–98
study abroad 111, 113, 126, 133, 135, 139, 141–142, 143
tutors 45, 64, 65, 66, 73, 92–102, 117, 140
charlatans 92–95, 109
ideal tutor 95–96
finding tutors 98
vocal technique 29, 90–92, 117, 122, 215
singing actress 22, 207
Slate, Daisy 72
Slate, Ruth 72
Slawson, Eva 72
Smith Jones, Frank and Mrs 142
Smyth, Ethel (1858–1944) 10, 71, 88, 292
Smyth, Mary 71
Sodese, Camilla (n.d.) 82
Sografi, Antonio Simone 122, 176
Le convenienze teatrali 163
Le inconvenienze teatrali 163
Soldene, Emily (1840–1912) 20–21, 257
Sontag, Henrietta (1806–54) 151, 152, 236, 265, 281
soprano 29, 57, 75, 76, 88, 214–215, 216–222, 223, 228, 229
coloratura 216–217, 218, 220–222
dramatic soprano 218–222
hochdramatischer Sopran 218–222
lirico spinto 218–222
lyric soprano 217–222
Soroldoni, Carlotta 130–133
Spenser, Edmund 36
Spezia, Maria Alighieri (1828–1907) 77
Spontini, Gasparo 124, 169–170, 171, 181, 185–186, 188, 194
Olimpie 170, 171
St Cecilia, patron saint of music 31
Stabile, Gemma Bosini (1890–1982) 103
stage director 178
stage fathers 120–121, 126, 131, 132, 135, 166, 171, 178, 194
fictional representation 121
stage mothers 23, 114, 120, 135,
mockery of 121–123
operatic representation 121
singers' accounts of 123–124, 310
contribution to daughters' careers 123, 124
as agent 124–126, 134
marriage 134
chaperonage 128–130, 131, 142, 145
as singing tutor 130, 131
Stagno, Roberto 131–132, 133
Stagno-Bellincioni, Bianca (1888–1981) 130, 131, 132, 196, 248, 273
Stanford, Sir Charles Villiers 75, 77, 78, 107
Stanislavski, Constantin 210, 273
Stendhal, Henri Beyle 39, 206–207, 231, 235
Sternberg, Josef von
The Blue Angel 224
Stevens, Catherine (Countess of Essex) 151
Stoltz, Rosine (1815–1903) 10–11, 173, 252
Stolz, Teresa (1834–1902) 181–182, 186
Strakosch, Maurice 80, 186, 191, 193
Strauss, Richard 10, 193, 218, 227
Ariadne auf Naxos 217
Der Rosenkavalier 14, 227
Elektra 90
Salome 117, 267, 271–272
Strepponi, Giuseppina (1815–97) 137, 194, 195, 201
Sucher, Rosa (1849–1927) 263
Sullivan, Arthur 20
Sunderland, Susan (1819–1905) 76
Svengali 46, 94, 115, 117, 119, 178
Tacchinardi, Nicola 96, 121, 164, 166, 167, 171, 191, 234, 245
Tacchinardi-Persiani, Fanny (1812–67) 171–172, 180, 192
Talma, François-Joseph 206, 233
Tamagno, Francesco 77
Tamberlick, Enrico 130
Tamburini, Antonio 244, 245
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il'yich 10, 150–151
Eugene Onegin 14
Teck, Princess of 138
Tellini, Ines Alfani (1896–1985) 103
Ternina, Milka (1863–1941) 102
Tetrazzini, Luisa (1871–1940) 42, 70, 71, 101, 153, 311
Teyte, Maggie (1888–1976) 82, 97, 141, 142, 191, 196
Tiberini, Angiolina Ortolani-Valandris (1836–?) 40
tenor 4, 82, 90, 97, 214–215, 216, 218, 223, 225, 226
female tenor 77
Heldentenor 219
tenore di forza 15, 218, 244, 245
Tess, Giulia (1889–1976) 21, 103
Tessoni, Teresa (n.d.) 105
theatrical agent 166, 178, 195
Thérésa (1837–1913) 224
Thomas, Ambroise
Mignon 193
Hamlet 217
Tietjens, Therese (1831–77) 130
Tolstoy, Leo
War and Peace 39
Toscanini, Arturo 129, 178
Tosi, Adelaide (1800–59) 151, 174
Tosi, Pier Francesco 205
Tosti, Sir Paolo 116
Tovey, Sir Donald 116
tragedy 12–14, 232
operatic death scenes 11–14
Trebelli, Zélia (1834–92) 244, 245
Tree, Ann (1801–62) 330
Tree, Viola (1885–1938) 116, 178
study at Royal College of Music 116
study in Italy 116
professional ambitions 116
vocal problems 116–117
operatic debut 117
loss of voice 117
audition for Strauss 193
Turner, Eva (1892–1990) 83
Twain, Mark 114
Ulysses 37, 47, 89
undines see singers, image, sirens
Ungher, Caroline (Karoline) (1803–77) 35, 194
Urso, Camilla (1842–1902) 49
Ursuleac, Viorica (1894–1985) 152
Valentine, Mrs Sydney 87
Valletti, Rosa (1878–1937) 224
Varesi, Felice 106, 175, 197
Velluti, Giovanni Battista 191
Verdi, Giuseppe 10, 11, 98, 173, 174, 175, 181, 186, 196, 197, 207, 210, 212, 213, 225, 226, 227, 254, 256, 258–259, 260
Aida 12, 181, 228
Attila 14
Don Carlos 218, 228
Ernani 12, 174, 244
Falstaff 228
Giovanna d'Arco 217
I Lombardi alla prima crociata 19, 173
La battaglia di Legnano 19
La forza del destino 103, 218
La traviata 11, 12, 13, 18, 80, 117, 175, 197, 198–199, 200, 221, 225, 226, 232, 254, 265, 267, 339
Les Vêpres siciliennes 11, 14
Macbeth 193, 218, 256, 258, 337
Otello 12, 209, 210, 254, 259, 270
Rigoletto 103, 210, 248, 264
Simon Boccanegra 112, 137
Il trovatore 200, 227–228
Un ballo in maschera 12, 226
Vernier, Rafaella (n.d.) 122
Vestris, Lucia (1797–1856) 40, 42
Viardot García, Pauline (1821–1910) 14, 45, 59–62, 66, 68, 79, 80, 96, 99, 101, 112, 189, 221–222, 228, 241, 248, 255
as ‘artist’ 184
dramatic performance 251–253
Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland 22, 32, 54, 72, 75, 76–77
Visetti, Albert 116
vocal tuition and training see singing, tuition
Wagner, Cosima 173
Wagner, Richard 10, 12, 19, 20, 75, 78, 139, 173–174, 178, 205, 207, 226, 236, 238–239, 258, 259, 263
heroines 67, 218, 229
Der fliegende Holländer 12, 173
Der Ring des Nibelungen 21, 78, 160, 218, 219–220, 221, 229
Lohengrin 67, 88, 160, 228, 263, 339
Rienzi 173, 226
Tannhäuser 160, 173
Tristan und Isolde 12, 39, 40, 75, 160, 173–174, 217, 218, 339
Wartel, Pierre 98
Webb, Mrs 141
Weber, Carl Maria von (1786–1826) 21, 236
Der Freischütz 213, 236
Weldon, Georgina (1837–1914) 81
Wells, H. G.
Ann Veronica 39
Whiteley, John William
A Sail! 37
Wickham, Anna 72, 73, 113–114, 117
Williamson, Lady 76
Williamson and Musgrove's Light Opera Company 21
Wilson, Harriette 19
Wolf-Ferrari, Ermanno
I gioielli della Madonna 228
Wolfram, Joseph Maria 182–183, 184
Schloss Candra 182–183
Wollstonecraft, Mary
Vindication of the Rights of Women 6
women
courtesans and prostitutes 42
domesticity 65, 73, 83–84, 151
education 47, 50, 52, 56
emancipation 5, 10, 16–18, 64, 67, 83, 84
‘Female Saviour’ 6
feminine ideal 5–6, 7, 14, 18, 33, 43, 45, 55, 56, 162, 216–218
femininity 32, 45, 64, 70, 71, 216–218, 261–266
feminism 24–25, 63, 65, 85, 113
ideas of womanhood 16, 57, 58, 83, 216–217, 218
instrumentalists 49, 74, 103, 106, 113
‘male gaze’ 24–25, 55
motherhood 63
‘New Woman’ 6, 33, 37, 57, 83
suffrage movements 33, 57, 83, 85, 86–88, 220
Woman Question 10, 84
Women's Musical Congress 86
Wood, Sir Henry 125
Young, George Washington 159
Zingarelli, Nicola 203
Giulietta e Romeo 167, 169, 175