Abel, Clarke, 70
addiction, standards, 157–9
Admonitory Pictures, 93–4
affluent women, 117–20
Afghanistan, 109
alcohol, compared with opium, 61–2
Amoy, 105, 111
Apollinaire, Guillaume, 144
Appadurai, Arjun, 1, 86
‘Ápprentice looking for fun’, 142
‘archaic globalization’, 41, 54
‘Arrow incident’, 110
‘art of commerce with women’, 12, 15, 19, 21
‘art of sex’, 8, 12, 14–15, 19, 22, 37, 92, 132, 170
Bantam, 42
Bao Shichen, 65
Barrow, John, 53, 60
Batavia, 43, 44
Baudrillard, Jean, 3, 180
Beijing or Peking, 19, 21, 30, 74, 154, 156
Bell, John, 30
Bencao Gangmu, 19
Benedict, Ruth, 62
Bengali, 16
betel quid, 42
bi yan, 33–5, 53, 70
Bibin Zaji, 114
Blood Red Cash of Kublai Khan, by Walter C. Brown, 182
Boissiere, Jules, 145
Bourdieu, Pierre, 3, 31, 77
Brassai, Gyula Halasz, 145
‘Breakfast in bed’, accessories, 170
Brennan, Thomas, 4, 5, 59, 206
Buck, John L., 191
Buddha, 66, 134
Cabral, Pedro Alvares, 42
caizi jiaren, 36, 120
Canton, 51, 65, 84, 85, 96, 110, 117, 140
Carl, Katherine A., 162
cha wenhua, 30
Chang Tso-lin, 191
Chaou-Chaou (Chaozhou), 68, 102, 140
Chen Jiamo, 22
Chen Xizi, 119
Chen Yongfa, 8, 198–9
Cheng Enze, 84
Chenghua, Emperor, 12–14
Chenghua guimao, 11
Chi Zhizheng, 186
‘Chinese century’, 47
Chinese Erotism, 92
Chinese opium, early names, 140
Chinese Repository, 85, 87, 93, 95, 105, 107, 111
Chinese ‘robes’, 87–90
Chinese trade empire, 47
Chongqing, 193, 195–7
christening, of opium, 139–41
Christian, David, 4, 206
‘city rascals’, 58, 85, 88, 134
chun yao or aphrodisiac, 12, 18, 116, 197
Chusan or Zhoushan, 105, 106
compradors, 68, 139
‘conspicuous consumption’, 31, 59
Constructive Drinking, 4
consumption, explosion after war, 110–14
Contant, Charles de, 52, 60
coolies, 147–9, 150
‘country trade’, 48
Cressey, George B., 190
Csernus, Akos, 144
culture of consumption, 171–5
‘culture integers of consumption’, 180
culture transmission, 8, 41, 43, 78, 81, 183
Da Ming Huidian, 15–16, 139
da yan, 140
Dagh-Register Gehouden int Casteel Batavia, 43
Dai Lianfen, 69
Daoguang, Emperor, 57, 71, 80, 89, 97
Davis, John Francis, 106, 109, 114
debate, England, 94–5
China, 95
Der Ling, 161
‘devil’s food’, 98
Dianshizhai Huabao, 142
Dingling, 18
‘diversion’ 2, 24, 203
Dods, George, 173, 174
domestic cultivation, 105, 155–6
Dong Xi Yang Kao, 43
Douglas, Mary, 4, 5
Du Yuesheng, 189
Dutch East India Company or VOC, 43
1858 Treaty, 152
Empress Dowager Cixi, 116, 161–2, 164, 175, 184
English East India Company or EIC, 46, 71, 87
English factory, 101
enlightenment, 131
‘essence of men’, 19, 20, 21–2
eunuchs, Ming, 15
Qing, 58, 59–61
‘explosion of common prostitution’, 116, 126
Extended Shanghai County Gazetteer, 73, 170
‘extensification’ 32, 78, 101, 110, 114, 150, 205
‘external sanctions for good behaviour’, 62, 176
‘eye’, art of scooping/inserting paste, 57, 166
Fang Yizhi, 24, 26
fangzhong shu, see art of sex
Fay, Peter W., 139
Feng Zhanxun, 88, 91
Fengtian, 89
Finch, Percy, 189
‘Five Geng Quitting Song’, 136
‘five percent or so of the population’, 76, 81, 90, 174
‘flower boats’, 51, 85
Fortune, Robert, 105
fragrance, 16–17
French Settlement, 189–90
Fu gao, 64
Fu jiang, 64
Fujian, 64
Furong Waishi, 137
Gamble, Sidney D., 126
gao or paste, early production, 64–5
Gao Lian, 19
Gao Shiqi, 23
Gazetteer of Amoy, 73
‘genealogical method of anthropological inquiry’, 2, 184
Giles, Herbert, 147, 174
Gobi Desert, 156
‘golden ghetto’, 71
‘golden panacea’, 14, 19–20, 21
Golden Triangle, 109, 200
Gong Tingxian, 20
Gong Zizhen, 96
Goody, Jack, 184
Greenberg, Michael, 87, 90
‘group orientedness’ or ‘sociocentricism’, 176
Gu Yuanjiao, 23
Gu Zhong, 23
guan tu, 192
Guangdong, 46, 49, 64
Guangxi, 156
Guisi Leigao, 17
Guizhou or Kweichow, 89, 198
Hahn, Emily, 164
Hakka, 68
Han Suyin, 196
Hankou, 69
Hao Yen-p’ing, 90, 93, 101, 103, 146, 151
Harper’s Weekly, 183
Hart, Robert, 104, 151, 155
Heath, Dwight, 4
Hefei, 80, 120
Hengyang County Gazetteer, 69
Hentzner, Paul, 31
hepurong, 11
Ho Ping-ti, on peanut, sweet potato and maize, 26–8
‘hobby’, among officials in 1810s, 69
Holman, James, 85, 101
Holt, Edgar, 58
Hong Kong, 101–7
hong merchants, 48
Hongzhi, Emperor, 14
Honourable Company, see English East India Company
Hu Shiyu, 74
Hu Xianghan, 188
huafang, 39, 50, 51
Huang Jueci, 95
Huang Shujing, 45
Huang Yuanyu, 49
Huang Yue, 66, 70, 92
huayan guan, 113
Huc, M., 108
Huihui Yaofang, 12, 139
Hunan, 68–9, 91, 122, 150, 196
‘identity value’, 176
import, figures, 71, 107, 151
India, 108
Inner Asians, 109
‘intensification’ 32, 78
‘intertwining fingers’, 122, 123, 130, 165
Japanese war crimes, 194–5
Jardine, William, 71
Jardine Matheson, 67, 93, 102, 107, 139, 189
Java, 16, 44
Jian jiang, 65
Jiangnan decadence, 39, 40, 50, 119
‘Jiang’s opium’, 191
Jiaqing, Emperor, 58, 70
jiepian, 37, 140
Jindu Shijian, 18
Jingchen Zalu, capital elite life, 74–6
Jingkou, female suicide, 128
Jingyue Quanshu, 20
jinshi, 13, 33, 46, 75, 79
K, Wolf, 166, 170
Kaempfer, Engelbert, 44
Kane, H. H., 182
Kangxi, Emperor, 23, 35
Kekesebuku, Beile, 58
‘knitting’, art of preparing paste, 165
Kopytoff, Igor, 1, 24, 51
Kweichow, see Guizhou
‘La belle époque de l’opium’, 143–5
Lady Wan, 12
Lady Zheng, 18
‘L’age d’or de la bourgeoisie Chinoise’, 186–9
lamp, artistry, 169–70
Lan Dingyuan, 45
Lee, Peter, 159, 164, 165, 168, 170
leng long gao, 140
Levi-Strauss, Claude, 37, 175
Li Hongzhang, 153
Li Shizhen, 19
Li Songlin, 80
Li Yu, 40
Li Zhaotang, 83, 171
Liang Qichao, 99
Liang Shaoren, 65
Liang Zhangju, 71
lianhuan hua, 142
lijin (likin), 110, 152–3
Lintin, 71
Little, Mr Archibald, 176
Little, Mrs Archibald, 119, 173, 205
Liu Kunyi, 153, 157
Liu Mingquan, 153
livelihood and social mobility, 120–4
Lockyer, Charles, 42
Long March, 198
‘lowest common denominator’, 5, 161
Lupton, Deborah, 4, 38, 77
Macao, 105
Macartney, Lord, 53
‘magic lamp’, 169
male essence, see ‘essence of men’
‘mania for opera’, 76
Mao Xiang, 36
Mao Zedong, 100, 129, 195, 199
Maritime Customs, 104, 151, 159, 165
mass consumption, 160–1
Matheson, James, 71, 87
Maugham, Somerset W., 187
McDonaldization, 5, 161, 164, 206
‘Measuring the volume of swallowing’, 142
medicinal history, 12
Meizhou, female suicide, 127
Mercier, Louis-Sebastien, 90
Meurville, Captain R. de, 196
Milburn, William, 73
minfeng chunpu, politicisation, 88–9
Minning, 57, 132, 167
Mintz, Sidney, 31–2, 78, 149, 206
missionaries, 97–9, 125
‘Modern Opium Eater,’ by N.C., Wyeth, 182
monetary and fiscal function, 150–1
morphine, 193–4
Morrison, George E., 149, 193
Morse, H. B., 107, 151, 157
Muir, Rev. G. S., 193
Mukedengbu, 63
Mundy, Peter, 42
Muslims, trafficking, 198, 202
Nanchenxin, famous den, 188
Nanhui County Gazetteer, 113
Nanjing or Nanking, 40, 50, 63, 194
Napier, Lord, 87
Naquin, Susan and Rawski, Evelyn, 81, 82
‘narco-economy’ 153, 191
Nationalists, 191–2
native opium, names, 140
‘naughty boys’, 92
Needham, Joseph, 12
New York Times, 183
nocturnal emission, 19, 20, 21, 24
objects d’art, 33, 38
‘opium curd’, 23
‘opium farms’, 44
opium fans and shoes, 170
‘opium fines’, 190
‘opium king’, 189
‘opium mania’, 22–4
‘opium monopoly’, 190
Opium Museum, Chiang Rai, 170
‘opium pill’, 20
‘opium regimes’, 9, 107, 186, 190, 198
‘opium rush’, 69
‘opium smoke’, 46, 49
Opium Society of Batavia, 47
‘opium stations’, 105
‘opium work’, 151
Orient, western portrayal, 181–3
Orwell, George, 32
‘pain-killer’ 130
Pan Lun’en, 80, 127
‘Passions of the cut sleeve’, 75
Pear Garden, the, 75
Peiling, 191
Peking Hospital, 154, 158
Peng Songyu, 79, 103
Penghua Sheng, 119
pian jie, 140
piao ke, 124
piaohao or ‘banker guild’, 82
pipe, artistry, 167–8
Pires, Tome, 42
‘Playful Verses to the Opium Smoke’, 79
political redefinition, 5, 59, 89
population, smokers, 155, 192
postcard, ‘The Opium Smokers’, 181
Post-Mao era, 200
Pottinger, Henry, 109
praises, of opium, 131–2
provincial officials, 66
‘public purposes’, 84
qat, in Somalia, 90
Qi Ying, 89
Qian Yong, 84
Qianlong, Emperor, 35, 49, 54, 56
Qinhuai, 50, 119
Qinhuai huafanglu, 119
Queen of Chinatown, by Joseph Jarrow, 182
‘queer young men’, 134
‘Rake’s Progress’, by Hogarth, 93
‘Rape of Nanjing’, 194
‘raw and cooked’, theory, 37–8
Red Army, 198
Rev. Dr Smith, 106, 111
Ritzer, George, 5, 161
Roche, Daniel, 2, 38, 67, 166, 173
Rongchen Xianhua, 18
Royal Commission, 61, 129, 147, 173
royal family, consumption, 96
Ru Yuanpu, 79
Rush, James R., 61
Russell & Company, 107
Salisbury, Harrison, 198
Sanyuanli, 135–6
Schama, Simon, 31, 33, 175
Scott, Edmund, 42
‘self-strengthening’ 164
September 11th, 202
Shaanxi-Gansu, 102, 198
shame culture, 62–3
Shanxi, 156
Shanghai, 106, 111, 186, 188–9, 202
Shen Bao, statistics of dens, 125, 130
Shen Defu, 13
Shen Fu, 51
Shi Hongbao, 64
shipments, to China, 87, 93, 107
shua, 196
shuang qiang jun, 191
shuchang, 186
Shu jiang, 65
shuo chang, 136
Siam, 16, 17
Sichuan, 65, 79, 102, 119, 156, 173, 187
‘sick man of Asia’, 98, 99–100, 195
Sirr, Henry Charles, 67, 106
six-year plan, 192
Smith, John Abel, 95
smuggling, 105–9
Snow, Edgar, 198
snuff bottles, see bi yan
Soldiers, 91–2
‘Song of Yearning’, 133
‘Song to the Opium Pipe’, 132
Sons of the Pear Garden, 76, 83, 85, 154
south-east Asia, early consumption, 41–2
specialization, opium-sex industry, 123
Spence, Jonathan, 59, 151
spread of opium, 96
St Louis, Exposition, 164, 184
Staunton, George Leonard, 53
Stavorinus, John S., 42
students, 66, 150
Su Shi, 11
Su Zixi, 157
Sudder factories, 48
suicides, by opium, 129
Sun Zhongshan, 99
Sunqua, Canton artist, 93
Suzhou, 126, 151, 193
Swatow opium guild, 73
Tai jiang, 64
Taigu, 82–3, 114, 125
‘Taigu lamp’, 114, 169
Taiping rebellion, 109
Taiwan, consumption, 45
Tai-yuen Fu, 125
Tang Bing, 39
‘taste’ 31, 77, 85
tavern drinking, 89, 150
Tawney, Richard Henry, 190
tea, history in China, 37
The Good Earth, by Pearl Buck, 182
The Letter, movie starring Bette Davis, 183
‘three robes’, 4, 89, 99
t’i mien or ti mian, 4, 176–7, 180, 206
‘Tianjin opium’, 194
Tiffany, Osmond, 97
‘To the Smoking Lamp’, 132
tobacco, 25–6, 29–30
tool and weapon, 126–9
Treaty of Nanjing, 107
‘Une fumerie d’opium en France’, 182
‘urban communities’, 83
‘urban facades’, 84
‘urban mosaic’, 84
Veblen, Thorstein, 31, 59, 76, 83, 175
vernacular literature, 131
Vladimirov, Peter, 199–200
vodka or ‘living water’, 4, 89, 149
Wan An, 13
Wang Ang, 21
Wang Peixun, 79
Wang Shangchen, 133
Wang Shizhen, 32, 33
Wang Tao, 112, 124, 140, 159, 177–80
Wanli, Emperor, 17–18
warlords, 190–1
wedding, menu, 172
Wen jiang, 64
Whampoa, 48
White, Francis W., 158
Williams, S. W., 159
Woodhead, H. G. W., 190, 193
Wu Binghuan, 150
wu xiang, 16
Xi En, 91
Xianfeng, Emperor, 109, 116
Xiangfei zhu, 69
xiao shi, 112–13
xiaoren shu, 142
Xie Juezhai, 199
xingli or ‘baggage’, 67, 140, 151
Xiyu, 11, 102
Xu Banqiao Zaji, 50
Xu Chunfu, 22
Xu Naiji, 95
Xu Zhongyuan, 79, 88
Xu Ziling, 132
yan fen, 116, 119
yan hua, 116
yan qiang or ‘smoking gun’, 33, 122
yan ting, 50
yan wenhua, 30
yan xia bi, 116
Yan’an, 198–200
Yang Enshou, 122, 132, 167
yang money, 74
yang yan, 65, 72, 140, 174
yang yao, 73, 140
yanghuo, 2, 8, 65, 71, 72–4, 140, 204
yanghuo jie, 74
‘Yangzhou Dream’, 123
yanyun xi, 122
Yao Lu, 26, 29
yao qian shu, 153
Yapian Zhanzheng Wenxueji, 134–5
Yardley, Herbert O., 197
Ye Mengzhu, 29, 110
Ye Yu, 141
yincha, 39
Yong Tao, 11
Yongzheng, Emperor, 46
Yu Huai, 40
Yu Jiao, 52
Yu Zhengxie, 16
Yuan Wenxiang, 88
Yuehai Guanzhi, 73
Yunnan, 65, 79, 102, 155, 198
Yunnan–Burma, smuggling, 104
Zeng Guofang, 153
Zeng Yuwang, 28
Zhang Dai, 23, 50
Zhang Jingyue, 20, 26
Zhang Lu, 21
Zhang Zhidong, 153
Zhangzhou, 43, 46
Zhao Guisheng, 79
Zhao Xuemin, 49
Zhao Yi, 76
Zhejiang, 64, 155
Zheng He, 10
Zhenren Yangzan Tang, 21
Zhou Sheng, 123, 170
Zhou Shouchang, 68
Zhu De, 198
Zhu Jingying, 45
zhugao and tiaogao, 123
zi xia gao, 140