Index
absolute spirit, 266 (see also Hegel, G. W. F.)
active information, 258
actual frequency, 106
adaptations, 22
adjacent possible, 172
Aizawa, S., 88
Alberts, Bruce: The Cell as a Collection of Protein Machines, 367
Alcide d’Orbigny, 277
amino acids, 89, 156, 165, 336, 341, 343, 347, 374, 388
Anderson, Philip, 165
anthropic principle, 119, 246, 250, 255
theistic response to, 251
anthropology, 144
appearance of design, 215
Aquinas, Thomas, 15–16, 185, 242
proofs of the existence of God, 15
Arbuthnot, John, 103
archaeology, 287
Arecibo Observatory, 111
argument from design, 58, 173
as argument by elimination, 142
(see also design argument)
argument from fine-tuning, 117, 122, 141, 294
argument from homology, 39
argument from ignorance, 84, 88, 95, 322, 328
argument from imperfection, 69
argument from irreducible complexity, 84
argument from personal incredulity, 39, 81
argument from religious experience, 253
argument from temporal order, 294
argument to adaptive complexity, 17
argument to design, 22, 173, 355 (see also design argument)
argument to the only alternative, 175
Aristotle, 14–24, 35, 166, 270
Nichomachean Ethics, 315
Armstrong, D. M., 300
arrow of time, 192, 197, 207, 339
origin of, 199 (see also entropy; Second Law of Thermodynamics)
Arthur, Brian, 171
artificial selection, 287
artificial teleology, see teleology
asah (ordinary making), 251
assertability, 321
assertibility, 321
astrobiology, 158
At Home in the Universe, 159
Atkins, Peter, 192
attractor, 219 (see also chaos theory)
Augustine, 15
auto-catalysis, 182
autonomous agent, 157–158, 171
autopoesis, 254
Axe, Douglas, 379
axiological argument, 253
Ayala, Francisco, 385
Bacon, Francis, 16
bacteria, 85–87, 157
bacterial flagellum, 143, 177, 324, 326–327, 353, 360
Bak, Per, 170
bara (divine creative activity), 251
Barth, Karl, 27
Basilica, 60
Batterman, Robert, 218
Bauplan, 385
Bayes’ Theorem, 100
beauty, 263
Beecher, Henry Ward, 26, 58
Behe, Michael, 34, 40, 45, 84, 89, 90, 131, 133, 141, 174–175, 176–178, 275, 279, 280, 284, 285, 286, 288, 289, 363
Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution, 41, 83, 91, 353, 355, 364, 368
Science and Evidence for Design in the Universe, 42
Bell Laboratories, 332
Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction, 177
Berg, Howard, 324
Bergson, Henri, 193
Berlinski, David, 388
Bernstein, Robert, 346
best possible world, 294
bifurcation event, 219
Big Bang, 140, 195, 199, 200, 216, 246, 304
big crunch, 199, 201
biological complexity, 323–327
biological function, 211, 217
black hole, 197, 206, 252
Blanco, Francisco, 379
blind spots, 120
Blind Watchmaker, The, 41, 287
blood clotting, 93, 177, 288–289, 360
B Notebook, 278
body plan, 381, 388
Bohm, David, 257
Boltzmann, Ludwig, 155, 331, 340
Borel, Emile, 318
bounded teleology, see teleology
Boyle, Robert, 44
Boyle’s Law, 195
Bradley, 348, 349, 372
Bridgewater Treatises, 20, 57, 64, 113, 276
Brillouin, Leon, 335, 340
Brooke, J. H., 276, 285
Brooks, Daniel, 338
Buckland, William, 20, 275, 281, 289
Bridgewater Treatise, 276
on Megatherium, 285, 286, 288, 289
Reliquiae Diluvianiae, 282
Vindiciae Geologicae, 282
Buffon, George, 286
Burke, Edmund, 170
Cain, Arthur, 24
Cairns-Smith, A. G., 37
Calvin, John, 275, 284, 290
Cambrian explosion, 131, 132, 280, 373, 385 (see also Cambrian information explosion)
Cambrian information explosion, 373, 374 (see also Cambrian explosion)
Camus, Albert, 72
Cannon, W. S., 281
Cantor, G., 285
carbon, 246–247
catalytic antibodies, 164
catalytic closure, 182
catalytic task, 163
catalytic task space, 162, 163
causal adequacy, 372
causal explanation, 67, 270
causal powers, 302
causation, 299 (see also causal powers)
Cell as a Collection of Protein Machines, The, 367
Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture (CRSC), 41, 130, 136
Challet, D., 179
Chance and Necessity, 345
chance process, see uniform chance process
Chaos, 311
chaos theory, 257, 311 (see also nonlinear dynamics)
chemical evolutionary theories, 372
chemistry, 151
cherry picking, see data snooping
China, 373
chloroplast, 154
Clausius, Rudolf, 331
Climbing Mount Improbable, 362, 377
closed system, see isolated system
clotting, see blood clotting
coagulation, see blood clotting
COBE satellite, 206
Cole, M., 347
collective autocatalytic, 165
common ancestor, 254
complexity specification criterion, 319
problem of false negatives, 319–320
problem of false positives, 320
complexity theory, 207
complex specified information (CSI), 47, 88, 91, 142, 335–336, 338, 345, 372, 384, 386
computer programs, 152
conditionally independent patterns, 316
consciousness, 261–264, 274
contingent teleology, see teleology
continuous creation, 256
Conybeare, 281, 282
Copernican revolution, 55, 56–57
extension of, 58
Copernicus, 56, 67
core (of a complex system), 359
Cosmic Blueprint, The, 203
cosmological argument, 98, 253, 294
cosmological constant, 249 (see also fine-tuning)
counterfactuals, 299
Creation Hypothesis, The, 279
creationism, 276 (see also Young Earth creationism, Old Earth creationism)
Crews, Frederick: Saving God from Darwin, 233–234
Crick, Francis, 156, 165, 374
cruelty, 70
cryptography, 287, 314
Cuvier, 286
cyclic universe, 140, 194–195
cytochrome c, 336
Cziko, Gary: Without Miracles, 230
dark energy, 249
Darwin, Charles, 13, 20–23, 56, 83, 95, 173, 180, 275, 285, 329, 371, 382
agnosticism of, 22
as geologist, 278
B Notebook, 278
on adaptive variations, 59
Origin of Species, 13, 56, 59, 81, 278, 283, 286, 329
religious beliefs of, 233
Darwin, Erasmus, 20
Darwin on Trial, 41
Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution, 41, 83, 91, 353, 355, 364, 368
Darwin’s Spectre, 230
data snooping, 313
Davies, Paul, 315
The Cosmic Blueprint, 203
The Last Three Minutes, 202
Davis, Percival, 132
Dawkins, Richard, 14, 27, 35, 105, 113, 325, 357, 377, 379, 385, 387
Climbing Mount Improbable, 362
on emergence of biological complexity, 325
The Blind Watchmaker, 41, 287
deep time, 276, 288
degree of belief, 101
deism, 256
Deluge, 281, 282
Dembski, William, 44, 47, 88–91, 130, 133, 137, 141, 142, 275, 279, 280, 283, 287, 372, 378
Intelligent Design: The Bridge Between Science and Theology, 42
Mere Creationism: Science, Faith and Intelligent Design, 41
No Free Lunch: Why Specified Complexity Cannot Be Purchased without Intelligent Design, 42, 81, 88
The Design Inference: Eliminating Chance through Small Probabilities, 42
Dennett, Daniel, 27, 289
Denton, Michael, 35, 40, 376
Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, 38, 41
Derham, William
Physico-theology, 276, 290
Derrida, Jacques, 232
design argument, 98
as analogical, 106
as comparative, 105
cosmic, 98, 114
explanatory virtues of, 144
as inductive, 107
as inference to the best explanation, 144
as likelihood argument, 107, 109, 121
organismic, 98, 113
to design versus from design, 7
design inference, 142, 314–315
Design Inference, The, 42
detecting design, 319–321
determinism, 241, 257
developmental biology, 157
Dewey, 348
Diaconis, Persi, 311
dialectic of history, 266
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, 17, 106–107, 113
Dillion, 346
diluvialism, 282
Discovery Institute, 130
discrete combinatorial object, 89, 90
divine interaction, 258
divine intervention, 256
divine love, 241–244
DNA, 156, 160, 178, 332, 338, 344, 345, 347, 352, 374, 375, 382–383
Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 24, 37
Doolittle, Russell, 93, 361–364
Drosophila melanogaster, 63, 167, 375, 381
dualism, 261, 273
Dyson, Freeman, 201, 203, 207, 347
Earman, John, 328–329
E. coli, 61, 333, 335, 344
econosphere, 170
Eddington, Arthur, 194, 338
The Nature of the Physical World, 331
education, 81
Eigen, Manfred
Steps toward Life, 345, 346
Einstein, Albert, 35, 94, 349
Eldredge, Niles, 25
electromagnetism, 248, 249
Eliade, Mircea, 194
eliminative induction, 328, 329
embodiment, 306
embryology, 21
emergence of life, see origin of life
emergent phenomena, 178
empirical falsification, 71
end of the universe, 207, 269 (see also big crunch; heat death of the universe)
energy richness, 343
English language, 334
entropy, 191, 206, 332, 338–342, 349
gravitational, 206
entropy gap, 203, 207
epistemology, 134
estrogen, 161
eukaryotic cilium, 353, 359
evil, 22–23 (see also problem of evil)
evo-devo, 25
evolution, 58, 167
as anticipated by God, 240–244
antitheistic implications of, 131
as blind process, 62
compatibility with Christian theology, 185
compatibility with theism, 235–239, 272
as Copernican revolution, 67
creative power of, 64
as descent with modification, 174, 356
as emergent phenomenon, 184
ethical implications of, 47
as goal-directed, 268
incompatibility with theism, 268
as inference to the best explanation, 290
and materialism
as materialist, 278
mechanism of, 356
as method of divine intelligence, 58
as nonrandom process, 60–62, 64, 103–104, 216
not biased toward complexity, 204
opportunistic character of, 63, 70
as opportunistic process, 87
as purposive, 262
as random, 64, 67, 246, 262, 268
relationship to materialism, 239
as social construction, 265
as tinkerer, 114
as undermining design argument, 114
as undermining morality, 135
Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, 38, 41
evolutionary naturalism, 42
existentialism, 265, 266
ex nihilo, 60
exobiology, 158
expanding universe, 195
explanatory filters, 186
eye, development of, 178
Faber, G. S., 288
feedback and cybernetic control, theory of, 213
fibrin, 361
fibrinogen, 361
Finding Darwin’s God, 279, 357
fine-tuning, 115, 247, 253 (see also argument from fine-tuning)
Fisher, R. A., 102, 103, 313–314
fitness landscape, 168
flagellum, see bacterial flagellum
Flood, 281, 282
Flood geology, 282
Ford, E. B., 24
forensic science, 287
Forrest, Barbara, 33, 35–41
fossil record, 87, 204
fourth law of thermodynamics, 153, 172
Fox, Sidney, 347
Frazer, James, 271
freedom, 241–243, 256, 263, 264, 266, 295
free will, 295
Freud, Sigmund, 232
Friedman, Harvey, 311
fruitfly, see Drosophila melanogaster
function, 211, 359, 384, 387
functional logic, see means-end logic
fundamentalism, 288
Futuyma, Douglas, 131
Galapagos Islands, 21, 166
Galen, 15
Galileo, 56, 67, 236
gap theory, 288
Gatlin, Lila, 331, 335
gel electrophoresis, 24
Gell-Mann, Murray, 198
gene duplication, 176, 177, 178
general biology, 159 (see also exobiology)
General Relativity, 253, 298
genes, 376, 388
intermediate stages of, 380
Genesis, 287
chaos-restitution interpretation, 288
long day interpretation, 288
genetic algorithms, 387
genetic fallacy, 36, 138
genome
noncoding sections of, 377, 380
sequencing of, 367
Geological Society of London, 277
geological time, 276–278 (see also deep time)
Gibbs, Willard, 155, 331
Gleick, James: Chaos, 311
goal-directedness, 388
Gold, Thomas, 194, 199
Gordian knot, 288
Gore, Al, 159, 160
Gould, Stephen Jay, 24, 114, 159, 204, 238–239, 281
gradualism, 167
Grand Unified Theory, 249, 252, 253, 298
gravity, 197, 249
Greenspan, Neil S., 364
Gross, Paul, 33
Guernica, 73
Hacking, Ian, 108
haemoglobin, 288–289
Hagemann factor (factor XII), 93–94
Hamilton, William, 24
happiness, 263
Harold, Franklin: The Way of the Cell, 356–357
Harre, Rom, 273, 303
Hartle, J. B., 198
Harvey, William, 17
Haught, John, 185
Hawking radiation, 197
Hawking, Stephen, 194, 197, 198, 201
heat death of the universe, 191, 208 (see also end of the universe)
Hegel, G. W. F., 265
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, 257
Helmholtz, Hermann von, 191
Henslow, J. S., 281
HIV, 178
Hodge, Charles, 26
homeodynamic stability, 220
homology, 22, 86, 91
Hooke, Robert: Micrographia, 276
Hooker, Richard: Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, The, 16
Hooykaas, R., 285
Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 290
‘how-possibly’ questions, 173, 175–176, 184
hox genes, 381
Hoyle, Fred, 247
human dignity, 136–138
human genome, 156 (see also genome)
human nature, 264–265
human rights, 137, 145
Humean supervenience, 298
Hume, David, 48, 109, 251, 259, 298
on the argument to complexity, 18
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, 17–18, 106–107, 113
Hymenoptera, 24
hyperadaptationism, 175, 179, 184
hypercycle, 346
Icons of Evolution, 42
ID movement, see Wedge movement
immune system, 178
inauthenticity, 264
incremental indispensibility, 46
inference to the best explanation, 19, 371, 386
inflation of the universe, 248
information, 193, 213–214, 254, 374
information theory, 151, 214, 332, 374
insertion of design, 133
intelligent design, 27, 32, 93, 94, 229–230
and creationism,. 33–35
and materialism, 35–36
negative argument for, 37
precursors to, 40
and publication in peer-reviewed journals, 44–46
as variant of Young Earth creationism, 280
Intelligent Design: The Bridge Between Science and Theology, 42
intelligent selection, 388
International Society for Complexity, Information and Design (ISCID), 45
interventionism, 141, 280
intracellular transport system, 353
inverse gambler’s fallacy, 108
Investigations (Kauffman), 203, 318
irreducible complexity, 46–47, 68, 82, 90, 91, 93, 95, 131, 141, 174, 186, 358, 363
definition of, 83, 353
isolated system, 342
Jacob, Francois, 157
Jesus Christ, 267
John, B., 381
John I, 170
Johnson, N. F., 179
Johnson, Elizabeth, 243
Johnson, Philip, 33, 130, 131, 133, 137, 232, 278, 280, 281, 290
Darwin on Trial, 41
Reason in the Balance, 41
The Wedge of Truth: Splitting the Foundations of Naturalism, 36, 41
Judson, Olivia, 71
just-so stories, 324
Kauffman, Stuart, 181, 182, 207, 254, 348, 357, 381, 383–385
At Home in the Universe, 159
Investigations, 203, 318
kenosis, 185
Kenyon, Dean, 34, 40, 43, 347
Kepler, Johannes, 44, 56, 98
Keynes, J., 109
Kingsley, Charles, 256
kin selection,
Kok, Randall, 348
Koons, Robert, 42
Krebs cycle, 92, 176
Kuppers, Bernd-Olaf, 387
Lake Woebegone fallacy, 106
Lamarck, Jean Baptiste de, 20
Lamarckian evolution, 204
Last Three Minutes, The, 202
law of improbability, 105
law of increasing complexity, 206–207
Laws of Ecclesiastic Polity, The, 16
left-right asymmetry, 84
Leibniz, G. W., 266
Leslie, John, 118, 250
Lewis, David, 298, 301
Lewontin, Richard, 24, 385
Lhwyd, Edward, 281
libertarianism, 282
likelihood, 100
likelihood argument, 102
likelihood principle, 99, 104, 114, 115, 119
linguistic analysis, 266
Lloyd, Seth, 318
local induction, 328
localization, 89
logical positivism, 44, 265
lottery paradox, 101
Lyell, 277, 281
MacDonald, Henry, 165
MacKay, Donald, 335
Macready, Bill, 169
macroevolution, 382
Madden, E. H. 303
Magna Carta, 170
many-universes interpretation, 198 (see also multiverse)
many worlds, see multiverse
Markov property, 108
Marsaglia, George, 312
Martian meteorite, 159
Marxism, 138
Marx, Karl, 232
master regulator genes, see hox genes
material emergence, 218, 221
materialism, 136, 137
maximum likelihood estimation, 120
Maxwell, J. C., 331, 340
Maxwell’s demon, 154
McDonald, John, 47, 364–366, 382
means-end logic, 211, 213, 214, 216
mechanistic concensus, 215, 222
mechanistic hypothesis, 212
mechanist’s dilemma, 222
Megatherium, see Buckland, William
Mere Creationism: Science, Faith and Intelligent Design, 41
metaphysical naturalism, see materialism
methodological materialism, see methodological naturalism
methodological naturalism, 32, 185, 234
methodological versus metaphysical naturalism, 231–232
Meyer, Stephen, 37, 40–41, 135–137, 138, 144, 327
Of Pandas and People, 131
The Creation Hypothesis, 279
Micrococcus lysodeikticus, 334
microevolution, 131
Micrographia, 276
microtubules, 382
Miklos, G., 381
Miller, Hugh, 276
Miller, Kenneth, 131, 133, 357, 359–360, 366
Finding Darwin’s God, 279, 357
Miller–Urey experiments, 343
Mill, John Stuart, 174
Milton, John, 277
Mims, Forrest, 43, 44
minimal naturalism, see naturalism
Miscellaneous Discourses Concerning the Dissolution of the World, 281
Misteli, Tom, 181
moderate anthropic principle, 250 (see also anthropic principle)
modern evolutionary synthesis, 174
molecular diversity, 160
Moltmann, Jurgen, 243
Molton, Peter, 331
Mona Lisa, 60
Monod, Jacques, 157, 346
Chance and Necessity, 345
Moreland, J. P., 280
Morowitz, Harold, 350
morphological innovation, 383
Morris, 282
mousetrap, 364–367
multiverse, 202, 252, 253, 305
Murphy, George, 186
mutagenesis, 376, 377, 379
mutation, 61, 262, 268, 346, 373, 375, 378, 383, 387, 389
rates of, 379
timing of, 381
mystery, 272
Mystery of Life’s Origin, The, 36
Myth of Sisyphus, The, 72
Napoleon Bonaparte, 138
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 110, 158
National Research Council, 318
naturalism, 133, 134, 139, 274, 281, 282, 297, 372
metaphysical versus methodological, 133
methodological, 285
methodological versus metaphysical, 231–232
minimal, 285
ontological versus methodological, 282
natural selection, 55, 59, 346
and genuine novelty of species, 55, 60–62
as nonrandom process, 377
natural teleology, see teleology
natural-theological approach, 1
natural theology, 174, 185–186, 251
Natural Theology, 57, 68, 102, 140, 276, 277
Nature of the Physical World, The, 331
negentropy, 332
Nelson, Paul, 132, 276
neural networks, 220
neutral evolution, 377
Newton, Isaac, 44, 56, 67, 139, 155
Nichomachean Ethics, 315
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 232
NK model, 182
No Free Lunch, 81, 88
no free lunch theorem, 47, 169
No Free Lunch: Why Specified Complexity Cannot Be Purchased without Intelligent Design, 42
nonergodic flow, 172
nonlinear dynamics, 219–220, 311 (see also chaos theory)
normativity, 263
nuclear forces, 247
nucleotides, 333, 376
objective probability, 101
observational selection effect (OSE), 115, 116–117, 118, 120, 122
Occam’s razor, 323
occasionalism, 303
Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 71
Of Pandas and People, 131
Of the Personality of the Deity, 69
Ohno, Susumu, 378
Old Scratch, 286
Old Testament, 262
Olsen, Roger, 349
Omega Point, 193, 267, 268
ontological argument, 98
open system, 342
optimization, 345
organic complexity, 14
organicism, 194
organized complexity, 68
Orgel, Leslie, 335
The Origins of Life, 315
origin of life, 37, 92, 165–166, 183, 246, 284, 332, 338, 345, 350, 371
Origin of Species, 13, 56, 59, 81, 278, 283, 286, 352
origin of the universe, 67, 202 (see also Big Bang)
Origins of Alluvial and Diluvial Formations, 282
Origins of Life, The, 315
Origins of Life’s Major Groups, The, 279
Orr, H. Allen, 46, 94, 284–285, 289
Oster, George, 162
Paley, Wiliam, 18–19, 64, 67, 68, 83, 98, 99, 107, 116, 122, 173, 178, 251, 275, 290, 371
Natural Theology, 57, 68, 102, 140, 276, 277
Of the Personality of the Deity, 69
(see also watchmaker argument)
Panda’s thumb, 114
Pannenberg, Wolfhart, 243
pantheism, 242
parallel processes, 176, 178, 183
Paul (Saint), 243
Peacocke, Arthur, 257
Pearcey, Nancy, 276
Pennock, Robert, 280
The Tower of Babel, 282
Penrose, Roger, 198, 206
personal explanation, 270–271
phage display, 162
phase transition, 384
phenomenology, 264, 265
Philips, John: Treatise of Geology, 278
Philosophical Investigations, 152
Philosophy of Biology, 371
photosynthesis, 344
phyla, 373
physical explanation, 265
physicalism, 236 (see also materialism; naturalism)
Physico-theology, 276, 290
Pitman, W., 282
Planck time, 318
Plantinga, Alvin, 42, 134, 280
plasmin, 361
Plato, 6
Polanyi, Michael, 327
Polkinghorne, 284, 289
Pope John Paul II, 55, 58
posterior probability, 100
postmodernism, 265
Powell, Baden, 278
Prigogine, I., 348
Principia Mathematica, 193
principle of increasing complexity, 203
(see also fourth law of thermodynamics)
principle of superposition, the, 277
principle of total evidence, 108
prior probability, 100
probabilistic complexity, 316
probabilistic modus tollens, see law of improbability
probabilistic resources, 317
replicational resources, 317
specificational resources, 317
probability, 106
probability space, 340
problem of evil, 48, 113, 185, 269, 295
problem of irreducibility, 355
problem of other minds, 99
process theology, 193
progressive creation, 277, 280, 283, 288
prokaryotic cells, 89
proper function, 217
protein, 160, 165, 332, 336, 344, 345, 352, 368, 374, 375, 376, 388
systems of, 379
synthesis, 382
proteomics, 367
proteone, 367
Providence, 230
compatibility with randomness, 240
Provine, William, 35
punctuated equilibrium, 25, 59, 284, 285, 289, 291
purposive intelligence, 372
purposiveness, 66, 211
appearance of,
purposive universe, 267
quantum cosmology, 198
quantum mechanics, 151, 156
quantum theory, 221, 252, 253–254, 257, 270, 298
Quastler, Henry, 372, 387
Rahner, Karl, 243
randomness, 311–313
complexity-theoretic approach to, 312
rat trap, 359
Ray, John, 275
Wisdom of God, Manifested in the Works of Creation, 17
Miscellaneous Discourses Concerning the Dissolution of the World, 281
Reason in the Balance, 41
recombination, 167–168
reductionism, 215, 216, 218, 222, 270
Reidhaar-Olson, J. F., 348
relativity theory, 298 (see also General Relativity)
religious experience, 267, 294
religious explanation, 231
Reliquiae Diluvianiae, 282
replicator-first model, 345
revelation, 267
reverse engineering, 289
reverse transcription, 178
Rey, Michael, 42
rhetoric, 285–287
rhodopsin, 154
ribosome, 84
RNA, 156, 160, 178, 180, 182, 332, 346, 347, 349
robustness, 219
Rolston III, Holmes, 28–29
Roman Catholic Church, 236
Rose, Michael, 173, 185, 272, 363
Darwin’s Spectre, 230
Russell, Bertrand
Principia Mathematica, 193
Why I Am Not a Christian, 191
Ryan, W., 282
Saint Augustine, 55, 173, 186
Santa Fe Institute, 348
Sarkar, S., 374
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 232
Sauer, Robert, 348, 378
Saving God from Darwin, 233
Schaefer, Henry, 40
Schroedinger, Erwin, 151, 165
What Is Life?, 151, 155, 331
Schulman, L. S., 194
Schumpeter, Joseph, 171
Science and Evidence for Design in the Universe, 42
science of design, 91
scripture, 135
Scrope, 282
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), 34, 110, 144, 158, 206, 284, 311, 319
search procedures, 169
Second Law of Thermodynamics, 180, 191–193, 202, 268, 331, 332, 338, 342, 344
Sedgwick, Adam, 281, 291
Origins of Alluvial and Diluvial Formations, 282
selectionist versus providential explanations, 230
self-assembly, 89, 92 (see also self-organization)
self-consciousness, 255
selfish gene theory, 180
self-organization, 151, 179, 181–182, 184, 254, 348, 349, 383–385, 386, 389
self-organized criticality, 170
SETI, see Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
Seventh-Day Adventists, 288
sex ratio, 103–104
sexual reproduction, 167
Shannon, Claude, 154, 214, 332
Shannon information theory, see information theory
shape space, 162–163
Shapiro, Robert, 346
Sheppard, Phillip, 24
simplicity, 298
singularity, 304–305
six-day creationism, 283
six days of reconstitution, 277
Smith, George, 161
Smith, John Maynard, 14, 110
Smolin, Lee, 252
Snow, C. P., 172
Sober, Elliott, 19, 371, 386
Philosophy of Biology, 371
Socrates, 13
Sola Fide, 16
Sola Scriptura, 16
Sorensen, R., 120
Soviet Union, 137
Spanish Civil War, 73
specificational complexity, 317–318
complexity specification criterion, 319
specific information, 183
specificity, 374 (see also complex specified information)
specified complexity, 89, 142, 315–319, 348, 349
arguments against assertibility of, 322
Spencer, Herbert, 23–24
Stace, W. T., 230
statistical averaging, 155
statistical mechanics, 155
Steinhardt, Paul, 140
Steinman, G., 347
Steps Toward Life, 345
Stirling’s approximation, 340
Strait, Bonnie, 348
stratigraphy, 277, 280
Strohman, Richard, 181
Strong, A. H., 58
Strong Artificial Intelligence, 34
Stuart factor, 361
subjective degree of belief, see degree of belief
subjectivity, see consciousness
sufficient causality, 263
supernaturalism, 285
supernaturalistic fallacy, 137
Swinburne, Richard, 117, 118, 119–120, 270
symmetry breaking, 218, 249
synthetic theory, 24
Taylor, John, 348
Tegmark, Max, 306
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, 27, 193, 267
teleological explanation, 65
requirements of, 65
teleological language, 212
teleology, 204, 214, 215, 217, 222, 263, 284
artificial, 66
bounded, 66
bounded versus unbounded, 56
contingent, 66
internal versus external, 56
natural, 66
Temple, Frederick, 26, 276
Thaxton, Charles, 135–137, 138, 144, 349
theistic evolution, 258
theistic explanation, 271
theistic realism, 137
theistic science, 280, 285, 290
theodicy, 259
theology, 237
post-Darwinian, 243
response to evolutionary biology, 240
theory of biological evolution, 56
theory of everything, see Grand Unified Theory
theory of puncutated equilibrium, see punctuated equilibrium
thermodynamic coupling, 214
thermodynamics, 152
fourth law of, see Fourth Law of Thermodynamics
second law of, see Second Law of Thermodynamics
Way of the Cell, The, 356–357
Wedge of Truth, The: Splitting the Foundations of Naturalism, 36, 41
thrombin, 361
time’s arrow, see arrow of time
Tipler, Frank, 201
Tooley, Michael, 300
transition state, 163
Treatise of Geology, 278
trickster God, 371
Turing, Alan, 99
Turing machine, 153
Turok, Neil, 140
Tylor, Edward, 271
type III secretory system (TTSS), 85–88, 90, 91, 95 (see also bacterial flagellum)
uniform chance process, 102
Uniformitarianism, 277
uniformity of nature, 273
United States, 137
universal common descent, 386
universal constants, 115–116 (see also argument from fine-tuning; fine-tuning)
universal probability bound, 89, 92, 318–319, 378
universals, 300–302
universe, 297
van Inwagen, Peter, 108, 118
van Till, H., 285, 289
Venn, J., 109
vestigial organs, 283
Vindiciae Geolicae, 282
virulence factors, 85
vitalism, 194, 215
Voltaire, 266
Wade, Nicholas, 349
Wallace, A. R., 284, 288
Wallace, Bruce, 24
watchmaker argument, 18, 68, 98, 102, 112, 251, 275 (see also Paley, William)
water, 248
Watson, James, 156
Watson, John, 165
wave function of the universe, 198
weak anthropic principle, 116, 250
Weaver, Warren, 335
Wedge argument, 41, 138, 139, 144
Wedge document, 33, 136
Wedge manifesto, see Wedge document
Wedge movement, 130, 142
Wedge strategy, (see also Wedge argument) 33
Weinberg, Steven, 192, 232
Wells, Jonathan, 382
Icons of Evolution, 42
What Is Life?, 151, 155, 331
Whewell, William, 21
Whitcomb, J. C., 282
Whitehead, Alfred North: Principia Mathematica, 193
Why I Am Not a Christian, 191
Wicken, Jeffrey, 338, 340, 344, 347
Wiley, E. O., 338
Wisdom of God, Manifested in the Works of Creation, 17
Wise, Kurt, 276
The Origins of Life’s Major Groups, 279
Without Miracles, 230
Wittgenstein, Ludwig
Philosophical Investigations, 152
Woese, C., 183
Wohler, Friedrich, 222
Wolfram, Stephen, 181
Wolpert, David, 169
work cycles, 154, 158
Wright, G. F., 284
Wright, Robert, 207
Xenophon, 4
Yockey, H., 337, 340, 344, 348
Young Earth creationism, 276, 288, 290
Yuanshan Formation, 373