Cambridge University Press
0521818478 - Macaque Societies - A Model for the Study of Social Organization - Edited by Bernard Thierry, Mewa Singh and Werner Kaumanns
Frontmatter/Prelims



Macaque Societies




Animal and human societies are multifaceted. In order to understand how they have evolved, it is necessary to investigate each of the constituent facets including individual abilities and personalities, life-history traits, mating systems, demographic dynamics, gene flow, social relationships, ecology, and phylogeny. By exploring the nature and evolution of macaque social organization, this book develops our knowledge of the rise of societies and their transformation during the course of evolution. Macaques are the most comprehensively studied of all monkey groups, and the 20 known species feature a broad diversity in their social relationships making them a particularly good group for exploring the evolution of societies. This book will be of primary interest to those studying animal behavior and primatology, but will also be useful to those involved in the study of human societies.

BERNARD THIERRY is Research Director at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Strasbourg, France. He has studied the social behavior of non-human primates for the past 25 years, and is particularly interested in how internal constraints channel the evolutionary changes of social organization.

MEWA SINGH is Professor of Psychology at the University of Mysore, India. His main research focus is on the evolution of sociality, and he is especially interested in bridging the gap between conservation biology and behavioral biology.

WERNER KAUMANNS is Curator of Primates and Head of the Primatology Working Group at Cologne Zoo, Germany. His special interest is also in conservation biology, and he has been involved in research on liontailed macaques with special reference to the effects of habitat fragmentation.





Cambridge Studies in Biological and Evolutionary Anthropology




Series editors

HUMAN ECOLOGY
C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor, University of Cambridge
Michael A. Little, State University of New York, Binghamton
GENETICS
Kenneth M. Weiss, Pennsylvania State University
HUMAN EVOLUTION
Robert A. Foley, University of Cambridge
Nina G. Jablonski, California Academy of Science
PRIMATOLOGY
Karen B. Strier, University of Wisconsin, Madison

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Macaque Societies

A Model for the Study of Social Organization



Edited by

Bernard Thierry
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg

Mewa Singh
University of Mysore

Werner Kaumanns
Zoologischer Garten Köln





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CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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© Cambridge University Press 2004

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and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without
the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2004

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

Typeface Times 10/12.5 pt.   System LATEX 2e   [TB]

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data
Macaque societies: a model for the study of social organization / edited by Bernard
Thierry, Mewa Singh, and Werner Kaummanns.
   p.   cm. – (Cambridge studies in biological and evolutionary anthropology)
Includes bibliographical references (p. ).
ISBN 0 521 81847 8
1. Macaques – Behavior.   2. Animal societies.   I. Thierry, Bernard.   II. Mewa Singh.   III. Kaumanns, Werner.   IV. Series.

QL737.P93M29   2004
599.8′64156 – dc22   2003069749

ISBN 0 521 81847 8 hardback





Contents




    List of contributors page x
    Acknowledgments xiii
 
Introduction
1   Why macaque societies? 3
    Bernard Thierry, Mewa Singh, and Werner Kaumanns  
 
Part I   Individual attributes 11
2   Personality factors between and within species 13
    John P. Capitanio  
    Box 2 Social intelligence 33
    Josep Call  
 
3   The role of emotions in social relationships 38
    Filippo Aureli and Gabriele Schino  
    Box 3 Power and communication 56
    Signe Preuschoft  
 
4   Reproductive life history 61
    Fred Bercovitch and Nancy Harvey  
    Box 4 Life-history traits: ecological adaptations or phylogenetic relics? 80
    Mewa Singh and Anindya Sinha  
 
Part II   Demography and reproductive systems 85
 
5   Demography: a window to social evolution 87
    Wolfgang Dittus  
    Box 5 Patterns of group fission 112
    Kyoko Okamoto
 
6   Gene flow, dispersal patterns, and social organization 117
    Hélène Gachot-Neveu and Nelly Ménard  
    Box 6 Dominance and paternity 131
    Andreas Paul  
 
7   Mating systems 135
    Joseph Soltis  
    Box 7 Homosexual behavior 151
    Paul L. Vasey  
 
Part III   Social relationships and networks 155
8   Dominance style, social power, and conflict management: a conceptual framework 157
    Jessica C. Flack and Frans B. M. de Waal  
    Box 8 Social space and degrees of freedom 182
    Marina Butovskaya  
 
9   How kinship generates dominance structures: a comparative perspective 186
    Bernard Chapais  
    Box 9 Inter-group relationships 204
    Matthew A. Cooper  
 
10   Intergenerational transmission of behavior 209
    Christophe Chauvin and Carol M. Berman  
    Box 10 Maternal behavior, infant handling, and socialization 231
    Dario Maestripieri  
 
Part IV   External and internal constraints 235
11   Do ecological factors explain variation in social organization? 237
    Nelly Ménard  
    Box 11 Intraspecific variation: implications for interspecific comparisons 262
    David A. Hill  
 
12   Social epigenesis 267
    Bernard Thierry  
    Box 12 The role of contingency in evolution 290
    Christophe Abegg  
 
13   The use of artificial-life models for the study of social organization 295
    Charlotte K. Hemelrijk  
    Box 13 Proximate behaviors and natural selection 313
    William A. Mason  
 
Part V   An outside viewpoint 319
 
14   An anthropologist among macaques 321
    Maurice Godelier  
    Box 14 Do macaque species have a future? 328
    Yasuyuki Muroyama and Ardith A. Eudey  
 
Conclusion
15   Toward integrating the multiple dimensions of societies 335
    Bernard Thierry, Mewa Singh, and Werner Kaumanns  
 
    References 341
    Index 414
 
    The color plates are situated between pages 5 and 6.  




Contributors




Christophe Abegg
Centre d’Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, UPR 9010, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France, & Abteilung Reproduktionsbiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Göttingen, Germany

Filippo Aureli
School of Biological and Earth Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

Fred B. Bercovitch
Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA

Carol M. Berman
Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA

Marina Butovskaya
Center of Evolutionary Anthropology, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Josep Call
Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

John P. Capitanio
Department of Psychology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA

Bernard Chapais
Département d’Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada

Christophe Chauvin
Centre d’Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, UPR 9010, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France

Matthew A. Cooper
Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA

Frans B. M. de Waal
Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Wolfgang Dittus
Primate Biology Program, Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka, and Department of Conservation Biology, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

Ardith A. Eudey
Primate Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Upland, California, USA

Jessica C. Flack
Living Links, Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA

Hélène Gachot-Neveu
Centre d’Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, UPR 9010, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France

Maurice Godelier
Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France

Nancy C. Harvey
Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, California, USA

Charlotte K. Hemelrijk
Theoretical Biology, Centre For Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groeningen, Haren, the Netherlands

David A. Hill
School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK

Werner Kaumanns
Zoologischer Garten Köln, Köln, Germany

Dario Maestripieri
Laboratory of Comparative Development, Institute of Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA

William A. Mason
California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA

Nelly Ménard
Ethologie, Evolution et Ecologie, UMR 6552, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Rennes Ⅰ, Paimpont, France

Yasuyuki Muroyama
Field Research Center, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan

Kyoko Okamoto
Faculty of Humanities, Tokai-Gakuen University, Tenpaku, Nagoya, Japan

Andreas Paul
Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Universität
Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

Signe Preuschoft
Cooperation and Communication Study Group, Home of Primates Europe, Safaripark Gänserndorf, Gänserndorf, Austria

Gabriele Schino
Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy

Mewa Singh
Biopsychology Laboratory, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India

Anindya Sinha
National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, and Centre for Ecological Research and Conservation, Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore, Karnataka, India

Joseph Soltis
Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Poolesville, Maryland, USA

Bernard Thierry
Centre d’Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie, UPR 9010, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, & Centre de Primatologie, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France

Paul L. Vasey
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada





Acknowledgments




This volume arises from a conference on Macaque Societies and Evolution sponsored by the Wenner–Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research and held at the University of Mysore in March 2001. The conference provided a perfect place for free-thinking and stimulating discussion owing to the continuous support of the Foundation and the keen assistance of the staff of the Department of Psychology of the University of Mysore. During the conference, it became apparent that the time was ripe to synthesize different lines of investigation on macaque social organization and to start considering how their various dimensions could be integrated.

   Many people have participated in bringing this book to fruition. The editors would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to the contributors of the volume. They met the challenge to produce innovative syntheses within the scope of a tight editorial schedule. They generously assisted as reviewers of other contributors. All have agreed to join the editors in donating their share of royalties to a primate conservation fund.

   We are indebted to Roland Seitre and Christophe Abegg for offering photographs free of charge. We are grateful to James Anglin and Chittampalli Ravichandra for high-quality language advice. We owe additional thanks to Tracey Sanderson at the Cambridge University Press for unremitting commitment during the editorial process. Last but not least, we would like to acknowledge Odile Petit, Pierre Uhlrich, Philippe Ropartz and Yvon Le Maho for unfailing support.


Acknowledgments by contributors


Chapter 2. Thanks to S. Gosling, M. Prather, R. Robins and W. Mason for helpful comments, to C. Brennan, K. Floyd and E. Tarara for technical assistance, and to the National Institutes of Health for their support (MH49033 and RR00169).

Chapter 3. Thanks to J. Capitanio, C. Schaffner and the three editors for useful discussion and comments.

Chapter 4. Thanks to W. Mason, M. Singh, J. Soltis and B. Thierry for comments on the manuscript.

Chapter 5. The research on toque macaques was supported by a series of grants from the US National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Studies Fund and the Institute for Field Studies (Earthwatch). The Smithsonian National Zoological Park provided logistic and administrative support. Thanks to the government of Sri Lanka for permission to carry out the research and in particular the directors of the Institute of Fundamental Studies, A. Kovoor and K. Tennakone. Thanks to S. Gunatilake and K. Liyanage for long-term assistance with field research, N. Basnayake, U. Chandra for assistance in data collection, V. Dittus for help in project management, and W. Kaumanns, N. Ménard, M. Singh, B. Thierry and A. Watson for critical reading of the manuscript.

Chapter 6. Thanks to B. Thierry, A. Paul, J. de Ruiter and G. A. Hoelzer for helpful comments on an earlier draft, and to the Bettencourt–Schueller Foundation for financial support.

Box 6. Thanks to W. Kaumanns, B. Thierry, and P. Vasey for comments, and M. Singh and his collaborators, whose efforts made the Mysore conference both pleasant and successful.

Chapter 7. Thanks to M. Singh, B. Thierry, and W. Kaumanns for inviting me to the conference from which this book grew. The work on Japanese macaques was supported by the National Science Foundation and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and I wrote the chapter while receiving an intramural training award from the National Institutes of Health.

Chapter 8. Thanks to B. Thierry, B. Chapais, M. Butovskaya, A. Paul, and W. Kaumanns for helpful comments. The first author acknowledges the Wenner–Gren Foundation for support during the project.

Chapter 9. Thanks to the editors for inviting me to contribute to this volume, and to M. Cooper, L. Isbell, W. Kaumanns, D. Maestripieri, J. Prud’homme, S. Teijeiro, and B. Thierry for helpful comments.

Chapter 10. Thanks to the editors for inviting us to contribute to the volume, and to B. Thierry, D. Custance, F. de Waal, M. Drapier, W. Kaumanns, and K. Watanabe for helpful discussion and comments.

Chapter 11. Thanks to the editors for inviting me to participate, and to D. Hill, B. Thierry, M. Singh, P. Deleporte, and C. Chauvin for constructive comments.

Chapter 12. Thanks to C. Marengo, C. Abegg and O. Petit for providing suggestions and data, to C. Hemelrijk, F. Aureli, and R. Noë for helpful comments, and to A. Iwaniuk and S. Pellis for carrying out phylogenetic analyses.

Chapter 13. Thanks to the editors for inviting me to contribute to the volume, to R. Pfeifer and R. Martin for continuous support, and to the A. H. Schultz Foundation for financial support.





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