Page references in bold type denote illustrations or references in captions. Place names outside Italy are identified by country or region or, for England, pre-1947 county. The following abbreviations are used: Basilica The Basilica of St Francis at Assisi; LC Lower Church, UC Upper Church; Cycle St Francis Fresco Cycle in UC br brother, member of the Franciscan Order; more recent friars are noted as OFM Order of Friars Minor; OFM Conv. Order of Friars Minor, Conventual OP Order of Preachers, Dominican friar For other abbreviations, see List of abbreviations
Aaron 73,238
Abed-nego 315,326
Abel 313,366,374
Abigail 370
Abraham 39,311,372,421
Abruzzi 39
Acquarini, G., engraving by 23,
Acre (Palestine, now Israel)) 209
bishop of, see Jacques de Vitry
Actus beati Francisci et sociorum eius 246
Adam, Colour Plate 2 229,313
grave and skull 73,356,374
children of 330
Christ as second Adam 372
Adam Marsh, see Marsh
Aelred, St 292
Africa in UC fresco 335
Agatha, St 313
Agnes, St 313,440
Agnes of Bohemia, Blessed 487
Ahasuerus (Xerxes) 312
Aix (Provence) 83
Alan of Lille 201
Alays 165
Albericus, notary 167
Albert 130
Albert of Pisa, Provincial Minister of England, Minister General 61,64,123
death 123
Albert the Great, OP 223,247,371
Commentary on Lamentations 371
Albigensians 136,137
Alexander III, pope 36,274
Alexander IV, pope, formerly Rainaldo de Segni, cardinal bishop of Ostia and Velletri and Cardinal Protector 68,270,281,299,312–13,332
as pope 190,249,320,322
indulgences for Pisa 173,224
and decoration of the Basilica 287,446
on stigmata 267,299
bull Benigne operatio 299
Alexander of Bremen, br, and his Apocalypse Commentary 196,
Alexander of Hales, br 79,80,91,123,223,228
previously canon of St Paul’s 91
and Bonaventure 247,248
his Summa 230
Alexandria, patriarch of 204
Alexius III, Byzantine emperor 203
Allois abbey (near Limoges, France) 165
altar panels 269
and see Assisi, Florence, Pisa, Pistoia
Amasa 312
Ambrose, St 365,427
Ambrose, br 128
Amelio, Giacomo, OFM Conv 457,458
Amiens cathedral 69
Anagni 66,430,432
Ancona 137,182
March of 32,41,131,142,191,309,351,439,482
Provincial Minister of, see Crescentius
Andreolus 154
Andrew, St 300,301,308,447
relic of 440
Andronicus II, Byzantine emperor 216
Angela of Foligno, Blessed: early life 472–3
her mother 473
her husband 473
and Third Order 474
steps in spiritual journey 473–4
visits to Assisi and Portiuncula 71–2,296,305–6,474,475,478,483,487
return to Foligno 478,483
and Francis 308,326,331,474,484–7
her image of Francis 472–88
response to visual images 475
and the Passion of Christ 475
authenticity of her works 472
her laude 479
her Memoriale 307,472
use of Bonaventure 481,483–4
of Thomas of Celano 481
Angelo, br 111,112,120,128
and Introductory Letter and SL 27,92,103,104–5,108–9,138,141
and AP 128
and Francis’ breviary and gospel book 4,296,382
and 3 Soc. 147–8
and Verba Francisci 315
his burial 74
and for his writings see also Leo
Angelo Pice, Francis’ brother 154
Angelo, see also Clareno
Angers cathedral (France) 57,69
Annibaldi family 348–50
Annibaldi, Riccardo, cardinal 442
Annibaldi, Transmundus, podestà of Siena 270
Anonymous of Perugia (AP) 104,127–38
style and method 132
on Francis’ early career 139
and 2 Cel. 140
and 3 Soc. 147,148,150
Anselm, St 1–2,8,329
and see Eadmer
Anthony, br, in Constantinople 216
Anthony of Padua, St, br 128,158
early life 321
as apostle 365,451
canonised 310,322
and Chapter of Arles 186–7
his feast 173
and Nicholas IV 453
his sermons 322
First Life of 323,325
images of him permitted 94,304,310
on chalice 441
formerly in LC 302
in UC fresco 392
in UC glass 308,313,
at Gubbio 415
in Perugia altarpiece 300,301
on reliquary 440
in Rome, Lateran mosaic 447,448
in S. Maria Maggiore 450
Antichrist 83,190,231,254
Antioch, patriarch of 204
apostles: and the resurrection 369
in UC frescoes 333,335,337,353
in UC glass 308,317,321
Acts Cycle in Rome, S. Paolo fuori le mura 351
apostolic life, poverty 9
Apulia 13,14,15,129,130,151,274
Aquinas, St Thomas 8,190,231,370,371
Aquitaine, Provincial Minister of 444
Arabs 323,325
Aragon, king of 431
Arezzo 321,
and Sylvester 264
and see Cycle no. ten
Good John or Finiatu, doctor from 117,142,
Aristotle 83
Arles, Chapter at 23,190,400–1
in Bardi panel 179–81,186–7
in UC fresco, see Cycle no. eighteen
in glass 326
later provincial Chapter at 254,323,325
Arnald of Sarano, br 269
Arnaldo of Foligno, br 472
Arnolfo di Cambio 285,416,431,433,449
Arthur, King 15
Ascoli cathedral 440
Asia in UC frescoes 335,346,350
ASSISI 4,
‘Ascesi’ in Dante 8
bishop of 74,464
and
see Guido, Illuminato, Pontano
bishop’s palace 30,31,48,117,125
blacksmiths 457
chamberlain, see Thomas de Raynerio
citizens 13,20,22–3,24,30,32,35,36,48,51,73,118,167–8,234,375,381,391,404,408,414,436,454,468
commune 74
Elias in 123
environs 119
background to Francis 11,13,21–2,29,131,152
in 1 Cel. 149
Francis in 17,48,152,155,174,377
blessed by Francis 32,34
friars from 132
Gregory IX and Curia in 36,37,39,61,62,74,270,332
Innocent IV in 66
John of Brienne in 205
judge in, Octavian 442
miracle at 272
notary in 5
oral tradition in 148,149
pilgrims to 73,224,272,273,305,306,414,467,474,475,483
poor and sick 32
relations with Perugia 13,22,150–1
podestà 10,28,442
and Sforza 470
soldiers of 13–14,117
women of 11
Basilica of St Francis, building: architect 57,59
‘caput et mater’ 156
consecrated 63
creation of 61,76
date of 56–61,63,71,76
design and inspiration 64–5,68–9,70,72,74,76
and earthquake (1997) 365
and Elias 51–5,64,65,67
and Giotto 426
and Gregory IX 53,
money for 60
and Nicholas IV 416,427
and Picardo 153
and Pius II 426
and Vasari 426
exterior:
apse
campanile 60,67
bells for 60,61
decoration 67
torrioni 60
LC 57–9,60,65,71,72,74
decoration of 281–304
plan 73
high altar, Colour Plate 4 62–3,66,67,
chapels: St Anthony 430
St John the Baptist 436
St Mary Magdalene 430,436
St Nicholas 428,
crucifix 62
Francis’ burial, tomb, coffin and iron cage 69,430,
excavations in 455–64
frescoes
Genesis and Creation 417,420–1
preaching to the birds
Francis’ death
UC 59,60,73
interior, Colour Plate 5
decoration and furnishing 62–3,280–1,304–53
completed 304–6
high altar 62–3,66,67,478
altar of St Michael 478
altar of St Peter 72
crucifix 62,67
dado 217
nave bays 445
papal throne 65,359,
UC frescoes: Colour Plate 5; and Bonaventure 256
apse: 382–414
Assumption
nave: 365–70,378,415–53
counter-façade
biblical cycle 365,366–70
Nativity
Isaac and Esau
Francis Cycle 183,186,241,304,305,366–70,377,378–415
Cycle no. one 367,
no. two 367,
no. three 367,
no. four 381,382,393,424
no. five 371,377,381,382,389,392,393,424
no. six, Colour Plate 7 381,382,387,392,393,424,428,442,443,444
no. seven
no. eight 374,382,383,
no. nine 382,
no. ten 383,392,
no. eleven 387,392,
no. twelve 382,
no. thirteen 382,
no. fourteen 375,
no. fifteen 388,391,
no. sixteen 383,437,445
no. seventeen 387–8,391,392,
no. eighteen 383,392,
no. nineteen 378,383,392,400,
no. twenty 371,
no. twenty-one 371,383,392,
no. twenty-two 385,391,392,404,
no. twenty-three
no. twenty-four 377,382,391,392,410,437,445
no. twenty-five 383,385,392,437,445
no. twenty-six 383,385,
no. twenty-seven 383,
no. twenty-eight 383,
vaults 305,
and see Cimabue
UC glass
apse 310,311–13
transepts
nave
Francis windows 181,
UC north (right) transept
details
arcades, east
west
Sacro Convento 61,92
archives and treasury 4,39,68,86,109,156,173,237–9,299,470
chalice, Colour Plate 8
chapter-house 61
cloister
dormitory 61
Elias’ chapel 61
library 92,102,105,106–7
MSS in and for, Colour Plate 2 125
reliquary 86,109
papal palace 61,65,463
and Picardo 153
other churches 74
S. Chiara 4,5,
abbess of 401
and see Benedetta
crucifix in 476
S. Damiano 4,
fresco in 22
poor priest 17,133,153
and see crucifix
Francis’ bier at 35,51,262
Clares at 35,116,156,239,240,312,375,391
S. Giorgio, St George’s 35–6,49,57,171,175,271,272,387,464,465–7
S. Maria (Maggiore) 74
St Mary of the Angels, see Portiuncula
S. Nicholas 259
S. Rufino 4,
house near 154
towers of 22,23
places in: Collis Paradisi and land adjacent 155,257
Eastern Gate
gaol 154
Palazzo del Capitano del Populo 427
Palazzo del Comune 23
Piazza del Comune
Piazza S. Giorgio 36,37,377
Rocca 21,22,23,
Temple of Minerva
Assisi panel, Colour Plates 3, 4 173–6,182,205–12,280–1,466
central figure 296
city in 173,209
detail
Atlases 335
Augustine, St 365,370,427
Rule of 4
Order of 86,109
Augustine, br, brother of William of Nottingham 62
bishop of Laodicea 62
visits London 62,331
Austerlitz 455
Austrian book illumination 311
Avignon 433
Babylon, Assisi likened to 149
in Revelation 196,357
Bagnara 30
Bagnoreggio 246
Baldwin II, Latin emperor of Constantinople 216
Balierus 167
Balkans 274
Banastre, John, br 124
Barbara, St 313,320
Barberini, Francesco, cardinal 418
Bardi panel, see Florence, S. Croce
Barletta (Apulia) 275
Bartholomew, St 300,301,308
Bartholomew of Cremona, br 184
Bartholomew of Narni 211
Bartholomew of Pisa, see Pisano
Bartolus 167
Bassano (near Vicenza) 323–31
Bathsheba 370
Beatrice (in Paradiso) 353
Becket, Thomas, St Thomas of Canterbury, and his miracles 36,273,274–5
wall painting of 169
Beguines 11
Belting, H. 319,331,339
Benedict, St, and his Rule 9,253
compared to Francis 240
Benedict XI, pope 432,433
Benedict XIV, pope 455
Benedict, br 172
Benedict of Arezzo, br, Provincial Minister of ‘Romania’ (Eastern Empire) 204,205
Benedict of Canterbury (later abbot of Peterborough) 274–5
Benedetta, abbess of S. Chiara, Assisi 5
Bentivengi, Bentivenga, br, cardinal 97,444
Benvenuto, br 128
Berengar of Digne 82
Berlinghieri, Bonaventura 169,466
Bernard, St, abbot of Clairvaux 2,3,14,241
his feast 243
First Life of 11,40
his ‘Rule’ 9
Bernard of Quintavalle, br 18,33,36,128,132,133
conversion 131,133,388
reminiscences and in Introductory Letter 109,132
and AP 135,137
in Bonav. 258
and Celano 41
Francis’ deathbed blessing 126
Bernard’s tomb 74,
Bethany 32,367
Bethlehem 16,45–6,184
Bevagna 44,388,391
and see Francis, preaching to the birds
Bible, the: in Celano 40
in medieval schools 9
in Sacrum Commercium 158
and typology 371
Bigarelli, Guido 317
Bihl, M., OFM 158,168
Binski, P. 333–42,377
birds 113,
in Wendover 194–8
and see Francis, preaching to the birds
Blaise, child of Tivoli judge 273
Blanche of Castile, queen of France 161
Boaz 219
Bohemia, king of, see Ottokar I
Bollandists, and the Acta Sanctorum 246
Bologna: and Dominic and Dominicans 75,123
church of St Nicholas, later of St Dominic, S. Domenico 70,74,285
plan
Dominic’s shrine in 269
prior of 270
General Chapter 76
Dominican nuns in 123
Francis and Franciscans at 143,160
and Innocent IV 309
schools and university 45,228
student in 160
city: coinage 461
Palazzo Pubblico 160
Piazza del Commune 225
Bona 118
Bonagratia, see Johanneto
Bonagrazia, br, Minister General 97,288,404,408,418,443
his death 444
Bonaventura, notary 61
Bonaventure, St, Minister General, later cardinal: early career 246
life saved by Francis 279
in Paris 91,190,246–7,286
answers attacks by seculars 250
and John of Parma 253
and learning 323
as mystic 166,395
appointed Minister General 249
as Minister General 186
and the Basilica 286,288,319,382–414,418
on money 248
on the Passion 291
his reputation: Olivi 100
Ubertino 251
Bonaventure and Revelation 364
his vocation 223
his death 418
Legenda Maior 242–68
official life 103,107,146,148,235,240,244,245,286,401,414
and Assisi 149,240
extracts in Perugia MS 106
as history 252,367
Francis’ image in 364,487
Prologue 236,239,252,254–5
c. I 146,256–7
c. II 257–8
c. III 258–9
c. IV 259–62
c. V 263
c, VI 263–4
c. VII 264–5
c. VIII 265
c. IX 265–6
cc. X–XII 266–7,318
c. XIII (stigmata) 35,166,237–9,267,454
cc. XIV, XV 267,377
on Francis and Dominic 229
on John of St Paul 25
its sources 245
Celano 256,257,259,264,266,267,268
laude 480
oral sources 256
use of Testament 262
visit to La Verna 251,252
Legenda Minor 244
Miracula 173
MSS 276
miracles from 1 Cel. 267
from 3 Cel. 267
his sermons 218,231–42,414
themes: humility 241
poverty 241
Rule divinely revealed 234
its bulla 232
stigmata 236–7
other works: Apologia 97
Collationes in Hexaemeron 254,262
Commentaries on Sentences 254
De triplici vita 262
Epistola de Tribus Quaestionibus 97,99,109,247
and Hugh of Digne 81,371
Itinerarium mentis in Deum 252,286
letter on policy 249–50
letter to St Clare 401
Postilla in Lucam 262
Tree of Life 335
works attributed to 97,201
use of, and his influence: on Angela of Foligno 481,483–4
in the Bardi panel 182–91
in Cycle 382,383–415
in Exiit 98
Nicholas IV 442
in Perugia altarpiece 301
in 3 Soc. 147,148
Bonelli, John, br, Provincial Minister of Provence 187
Boniface IV, pope 431
Boniface VIII, pope, Cardinal Benedict Gaetani: his career 431–2
as cardinal 97,429–30
bulls: Super cathedram 432
annulled 433
Unam sanctam 432
and feast of Doctors of the Church 427
and the Lateran loggia 434
and St Peter’s, Rome 431
his tomb 435, 449
Boniohannes 118
Boniovanna 118
Bonizo of Bologna, br 35,235,260,299
Bonus 299
Bonusaccursus 118
Bonuscangnus 118
Borgo San Sepolcro 29
Boston (Massachusetts) 414
Bovara (near Foligno and Trevi) 389
Brady, I. 231,232
Brancaleo, Leo, cardinal priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme 25
Brown, P. 19,20,27
Brufani, S. 158
Bultmann, R. 115
Burgundy 14
Burkitt, F. C. 105,147,397
Burr, D. 247,307
Byzantine architecture 203
art 333
influence of 176,315,
icons 168–92
thrones 302,344
and Master of St Francis 296
empire, see Constantinople
society 19
Cadoc, St, of Llancarfan 273
Caesar of Speyer, Provincial Minister of Germany 40
Caetani, arms 431,434
Cagliari cathedral 317
Cain 313,366,374
Calabria 275
Cambrai, archbishop of, see Guiard de Laon
Cambridge, Franciscan chapel, in 70
parishes in 227
Trinity College, see Trinity Apocalypse
Campello 69
Cana, marriage at 366,367,374,421
Canali, L. 459–61,462–3
Cannon, J. 285
Canterbury (Kent), archbishops of, see Anselm; Becket, Thomas; Edmund, St; Lanfranc; Pecham, John
cathedral 36,63,273,308
the Canterbury forgeries 3
friars in 123
Capocci, Rainerio, de Viterbo, cardinal 37,392
Capua, church of St Francis 277
Capulet family 22
Carceri, the (near Assisi) 4,
Carrara, quarries 285
Cassian, John 9
Castile, Francis’ miracles in 274,278
Catanii, Peter, br, Minister General 26,34,84,121,220
Cathars 10,323,325
Catherine, St, of Alexandria 169,176,313,320
icon of, in her monastery on Mount Sinai
her wheel 161
Causse, M. 104
Cavallini, Pietro 351,433
in Rome: in S. Cecilia 418
in St Peter’s 439
his workshop in S. Maria in Aracoeli 419,446
a colleague of 415
Cecilia, St 313,320
Celano 39,50
and see Thomas of Celano
Celestine IV, pope 85
Celestine V, pope, Peter del Morrone 347,428,432–8
Champagne, count of, see Henry the Liberal
Champeaux (France) 69
Charles, emperor, Charlemagne 15,21,40, 122
Charles I of Anjou, king of Naples and Sicily, Senator of Rome 122,216,346–8
Charles II of Anjou, king of Naples 429
Chaucer, G. 82
China, mission in 388
Christ, Jesus: in Gospel stories 115,120
and Francis 47,143,188,189,305–6,307,
humanity of 27
as baby 183–4
Christ as mother 329
crucifixion and stigmata 378
death and resurrection in St Paul 369
insights of 127
his voice 260
in art 94
Assisi, bust in UC vault 420
Rome, bust of in Lateran basilica 446
Christ in Majesty, UC north transept 333,353
early life: Nativity, in LC 435
in UC 372–4
Rome, S. Maria Maggiore 450
Adoration of Magi 374,450
Presentation in Temple 311,374,421,422,435,450
Flight into Egypt 374,435–6
in Nazareth 435
Passion 189,475
and Angela of Foligno 478
in LC 291
in UC fresco 366,372
Triumphal Entry 438
Last Supper 187,189,311
Flagellation 291
Stripping
Crucifixion, on chalice
LC fresco 293
UC frescoes 354–6,374,
cross in nave frescoes 410
wounds 21
Deposition, LC fresco 293,
Perugia altarpiece 301
Lamentation, as model 375
in UC fresco 374,422
Resurrection 312,315
Ascension, in UC fresco 265,312,317,353,366,387,410,422
in glass
Christina of Stommeln, Life of 3
Christmas crib, see Greccio
Chrysostom, St John, patriarch of Constantinople 215
Ciatti, M. 424,425
Cicolo, see Johanneto
Cimabue: and Giotto 426
influence of 421
profusion of motifs 378–81,418
in Assisi: Virgin and child in LC
with St Francis 467
in UC 315–26,342–64
apse and transepts, images of angels 217
of St Mary 478
of St Peter 418
and St Paul 418
crossing vault, Evangelists 288,305,320,
details, Atlases 335–8,
St Mark and ‘Ytalia’
final work and departure from Assisi 415,416–17,419,443
in Pisa 343
in Rome 342,350
and Nicholas III 351
Cistercian Order: Carta caritatis 3
and liturgy 243
Cistercians and women 11
Clairvaux (France), abbot, see Bernard, St
Clare, St: her feast 173
her name 138
in Bonav. 263
her burial 469
her canonisation 320
in 1 Cel. 43
and Francis 11,32–3,388
grieves over Francis’ body 35
at S. Damiano 4,33,375
and Leo 6
repulses Saracen band 22
and stigmata 267
and Visconti 227
images, in Assisi, on chalice 441,448
UC Cycle twenty-three
UC glass 313,320
by Giuliano da Rimini 435
her Order, Poor Clares 63,88,116,225,258,375
and Angela of Foligno 482
and Francis’ breviary and gospel book 112
at S. Damiano 467
and see above
at S. Salvatore de Colpersito 142
and see San Sebastiano
her Rule 5
her Testament 5,147,148,156
Clare of Montefalco, sister 482
Clareno, Angelo, br 84,191,251,253,432
Clement IV, pope 216,287,321
indulgence of 415
Clement V, pope: elected 433
crowned 433
settles at Avignon 433
and Colonnas 430
preparation for Vienne 246
and Council of Vienne 426,433
bull Exivi de Paradiso 105–6,427
Clement, prior of Lanthony by Gloucester 201
Cluny abbey (Burgundy) 309
Coimbra (Portugal) 322
Cologne (Germany) 40
art of thirteenth century in 311
MSS from 196
Provincial Minister of, see Peter of Tewkesbury
Colonna family 348–50,432,443
fall (1297) 452
fortresses 430
and French court 432
and Nicholas IV 441,449
Colonna, Giacomo, cardinal 429,430,434,441–2
as archpriest of Rome, S. Maria Maggiore 449,450,452
Colonna, Giovanni, Senator of Rome 441
Colonna, Jacopo Antonio, bishop of Tivoli 392,442,443
Colonna, Pietro, cardinal 429,430,434,441
Colonna, Stefano 430,441
companions of St Francis, ‘we who were with him’ 32,103,108–9,115,117,120,125
2 Cel. as their mouthpiece 138,140–1
earliest companions 131
in AP 128
and see Angelo, Leo, Rufino
Compostela, St James of 224
Conrad of Offida, br 261
Constantine, Roman emperor 217,292
Constantine of Orvieto, OP, Legenda S. Dominici 283
Constantinople, Istanbul 202–17
envoys to 216,439
fall of (1204) 452
Latin occupation 63
recovered by Greeks 205
friars expelled from 216
Forum Taurus in 202
Valens Aqueduct 202
stone from 63
emperors: Roman, see Constantine
Greek, see Alexius III, Andronicus II, Isaac II, Michael VIII Palaeologus
Latin, see Baldwin II, John of Brienne, Vatatzes
patriarchs 203
and see Chrysostom, Germanus, Pantaleone
churches and communities: Dominican house 203,204
Franciscan 203–5
also Greek orthodox monastery 203,216
later Kalenderhane Camii, remains of St Francis chapel in
fresco cycle
miracles scenes 207,
Constantinople, Istanbul (cont.)
preaching to the birds 207,
death of Francis(?) 214
other scenes
Conventual Order, OFM Conv. 456
Minister General 458
Procurator General 456
Conventuals, Conventual wing of Franciscan Order 82,100,106,137,246,250,356
and Bonaventure 250
in Clareno 251
and Council of Vienne 426
conversatio 112
Cook, W. R. 323,325
Coppo di Marcovaldo 317
Corinthian columns 359
Corinthians, see Paul, St
Cortona 59,467
MS at
Celle de Cortona 48,123,140
Cosmatus, Cosmati, influence of 313,351–2
Creation, in Assisi UC 365,366–70
in Rome, S. Maria Maggiore 452
Crescentius of Iesi, Provincial Minister of the March of Ancona, Minister General 102–3,104,128,138,191
Cristofani, G. 311
Cross, Holy Cross 15,46,132,410
dedication to 179
relic of 156
sermon on 187
crucifix: in Arezzo
in Assisi, S. Damiano 4,
restoration 181
in UC glass 325,326
Crusades 14
Second 3,14
Fourth 203
and Latin Empire 203
Fifth 14,44,69
Cusato, M. F., OFM 158
Cyprus 168
Cyril, St 215
Dagan 311
Dalarun, J. 307,472
Dalmatia 452
Provincial Minister of, see Nicholas IV
Damascus, road to 44
Damian, Francis, of Montefalco, br 482
Damietta 14,24,69
Daniel, prophet 227,255,315,367
Dante 8,15,287,353
David, king of Israel, psalmist 209,256,318, 370
David of Augsburg 96
De Bonis, Giuseppe Maria, OFM Conv., Minister General 456–7
Delorme, F.-M., OFM 105
Derbes, A. 291
Desbonnets, T., OFM 147,151,158
de Wesselow, T. 439
Dies irae 43
Dionysius, see Pseudo-Dionysius
Doctors of the Church, in UC fresco 365,424, 427
Dominic, St, OP 3,10,11–12,123
in Jordan of Saxony 43,129
images of 304
his death 74,75
burial, tomb and translation 74,75,76,285,464
pilgrims to 75
his canonisation 37,269
his miracles 269
Dominican churches 70,229
friars 166,204,226,424
as cardinals 432
in Celano 229,266
Dominicans as ‘Domini canes’ 98,222
English Dominicans 247
Dominicans in Paris 370–1
Dominican Order 12,43,70,129,189
Constitutions 4,243
General Chapter 4,242,283,304
liturgy 242,243–4
and representation 223
Master General, see Humbert de Romans
Domitian 358
Douceline, St, and Life of 82,83
drama, religious 184
Duccio, Rucellai Madonna 425
Duffy, E. 191
Eadmer and his Life of St Anselm 1–2,3,63
Ecclesiasticus 37,255
Eccleston, see Thomas of Eccleston
Edmund, St, of Abingdon, archbishop of Canterbury 160
Edom 263,318
Edward I, king of England 430,431,440
Egypt 44,256
Egyptian idols 311
Einhard 40
Eisenach (Germany) 50
Elias, br 458
his devotion to Francis 73,187
as Provincial Minister in Syria 64,69
as Minister General 26,32,42,59,60,65,122,140
or vicar 121,260
and the Rule 140
in Celano 41,42–3,139–40,168
and laymen 124
and St Clare 35
and Sacrum Commercium 158
his deposition 80,91,123,140,247
his servant 118
and Francis’ illness 47,48
and deathbed and burial of Francis 30,48,272,462,464
his letter on Francis’ death and the stigmata 31,32,33–4,42,47,48,49,73,198,230,236
as witness to the stigmata 34,167
and translation 468–71
and the Basilica 51–5,57–9,64,65,286
its bells 60
its crucifix 62,280
its decoration and furnishing 62–3,67
and Sacro Convento 61
Elijah 253,255,312,
Elizabeth, mother of John the Baptist 149,152, 315
Emmaus 265,296,315–17,371
Emperors, Holy Roman 21
and see Frederick II, Henry II, VI
England: Dominicans in 123
Franciscan province 68,193,280
Provincial Minister 97
and see Albert of Pisa, Hugh of Hartlepool, William of Nottingham
English artistic influence 340
Enrique, master 315
Ercolano, br 435
Erfurt: Franciscan church in 310
glaziers from 310
Esau 422,
Esther 227
Eudes of Châteauroux, chancellor of Paris, later cardinal bishop of Tusculum (Frascati) 219–23,231,236
Eudes Rigaud, br, later archbishop of Rouen 79,218,246–7
Eugenius IV, pope 470
Europe in UC fresco 335
Evangelists, symbols of 333–5
in tradition 370
in UC frescoes
detail of St Mark
Eve 227,313,372,375
Evechardus, OP 166
Exiit qui seminat (bull of Nicholas III) 96–101,418,431
not to be glossed 100
money in 99
poverty in 98,99
Roman Law in 100
Testament quoted in 100
Exodus 238
Ezekiel 266
Ezzelino III da Romano 323–5
Fécamp abbey (Normandy), monks of 193
Finiatu, see Arezzo
Fioretti, Little Flowers of St Francis 246
fire, brother 111–12,114,146,263
Flood, D., OFM 100
Florence 132,342,433,470
artists and masons 351
and see Arnolfo di Cambio, Cimabue, Giotto
Uffizi gallery 438
churches in: cathedral and baptistery 227
S. Cecilia 437
and see St Cecilia Master
S. Croce and Franciscan house 176,184,185–6,302,404,408–10
Bardi panel in
layout of 176
seraph in 283
friar of 186
screen in 179
S. Maria Novella 29–30,66,71,342,424–6
plan
crucifix 424–6
Society of Laudesi in 425
Spanish chapel 222
fly, brother 143–4
Foligno: Francis in 17,130
bishop of 458,463,472
blacksmiths 457
cathedral, S. Feliciano 472
friars and convent at, and church of S. Francesco 306,472,473,476,482
hospital of S. Feliciano 474,481
piazza of S. Domenico 476
and see Angela of Foligno
Fonte Colombo 29,114,116,237,239,397,412
Fontevrault (France) 11
Forli 322
Four Masters, Exposition of the Rule 79–81,85,96,247
and 2 Cel. 147
and Hugh of Digne 85,86,88,89,91,103,108
fasting in 80
on General Chapter 81
on Minister General 80
on necessity 80
on privileges 137
Roman Law in 80
France 11
Jerome of Ascoli in 439
Peter Bernardone in 15
friars in 123
province and Provincial Chapter 79
Provincial Minister 34,97
and see Gregory of Naples
kingdom of 223
kings of, see Louis IX, Philip II, IV
queens, see Blanche of Castile
royal family 219
French art and architecture, and influence of 57,64,69,309,313,321,340
and see Gothic
French language 15,16,131,143,152,156
Bible in 209
romances 15
Frenchman and Francis’ feast 277
pilgrims to Canterbury 274
Francis, child of Tivoli judge 273
FRANCIS, ST, of Assisi, br: birth 13
first called John 140,150
his parents 149,153
and see Peter Bernardone, Pica
and Assisi 155
early life 139
conversion and vocation 18,43,44,129,131–2
his handwriting 4,
as merchant 130,150,256,257
renounces father 20,181
visits Innocent III 23,41
in Egypt and Syria 69,392
as Minister General 78
resigns as Minister General 11,26
the Christmas crib 181
and see Greccio
later life 46–9
illnesses 28,30,31,47,48,49,113–15,139,262
death and burial 31,33,48,49,74,174,458–71
his feast 173
relics 32,41,48,49,50,51,55,59,74,182,378
canonisation 32,36–9,42,49,74
and see Gregory IX
translation of 55
and see stigmata
images, impressions, his own 13–19
on contemporaries 19–30
after death 50,117–27
modern 6–8,369–70
images, visual 2,3,160
Francis on images 1,488
images of Francis permitted 94,310,323
for images of Francis, see esp. Assisi, Basilica, UC Cycle, Assisi panel, Florence, Bardi panel, Margarito of Arezzo, Paris, Matthew, Pescia
also Alays’ 165
Assisi, chalice, Colour Plate 8 441
LC 302–4,343,371,435,467
UC frescoes (apart from Cycle) 344–52,356,365,377
UC glass 307,313,
in Bologna 225
Erfurt glass 310
Gubbio 415
Louvre reliquary, Colour Plate 1 440
Mont St-Michel 161
in MS, Colour Plate 2; Perugia altarpiece 300
Pistoia 415
Portiuncula panel
Rieti 415
Canon Roger’s 165
Roman woman’s 164
Rome, Lateran 447,452
S. Maria in Aracoeli 446
S. Maria Maggiore 450,452
Subiaco
images, subjects: Christmas crib (Bardi) 182,183–4,190–1
and see Greccio
preaching to the birds: (altar panels) 382
(Assisi, LC) 293,
(UC)
(Bardi) 182,183
(Kalenderhane) 40,203,
(Matthew Paris) 192,
(Pescia) 169,171,173
(Rome, S. Maria Maggiore)
stigmata: (Assisi, chalice)
(Bardi)
(LC)
(Matthew Paris)
(UC Cycle)
(UC glass)
Francis’ death: (Bardi) 189
(LC)
(UC Cycle)
miracles 174–6,181,269–79,367
in Bonav. 267
and see Bonaventure
in 1 Cel. 37,38,39,49
French sources for 270
miracles in Kalenderhane 207
in Pescia panel 171–2
in Rieti frescoes 415
in sermons 230
and see Thomas of Celano, 3 Cel.
Rule 4,26,77,125
first Rule 18,23,41,43,92,124,127,135,147,399
Regula non bullata 8,42,84,145
Regula bullata 42,92,127,135,136,137
quoted 96
original 77,237–9
its making 148,260
authority of 77
in Bonav. 259–61
in Celano 137
and Clareno 432
and costume 123
in Cycle 397–9
in Matthew Paris 201
on money 20,37
on poverty in churches 53
in Wendover 192–3
FRANCIS, ST, of Assisi, br: (cont.)
sources and reminiscences 2,4,172
and passim, and see AP, Bonaventure, Legend of the Three Companions, Leo, Thomas of Celano
‘la questione francescana’ 102
themes: as ‘alter Christus’ 74,189,223,233–4,448
and Angela of Foligno 474,480,481,484–7
as angel of Revelation 236,239,255
as apostle, and apostolic life 9,10,11,218,256,365,451
imitation of Jesus 230
acted parables 112
and begging 15,25,152
his breviary 4,107,109
his cell 18–19
companions and their reminiscences 100,102–59
and see companions, Leo
as deacon 184,389
meeting with Dominic 229
and Elijah 255
as example 119
and hermitages 47
humility 234
imagination 16
joy internal and external 118
and lay brothers 124
and learning 122,266,322
devotion to lepers 20,239,486
and Elias 140
and see Elias
and money 17,20,117,144–5
as mother 187,265
and natural world 44,45,265,270,278
and see lamb, larks
military imagery 15
and Nicholas IV 453
obedience 26,121,144
to the pope 42,73
originality 8–12
and other Orders 11–12
as pilgrim 474
and the poor 20,44,45
and poverty 10,11,32,67,125–6,130,144,151
in Dante 15
in sermons 220
and prayer and contemplation 29,47,143,266–7
as preacher 24,27,171
preaching to the birds 44,179,207,
likened to the sun 6–8,12
and vernacular songs 15–16,479
visions and dreams 259–60,400
and women 10–11,32–3,271
and see Clare, St, Jacoba de Settesoli
writings 4
Admonitions 42,481
blessing of Leo 73,
Canticle of brother Sun 10,16,27,28,30,44,48,114,116,126
Laudes, Praises to be said at all the Hours 4,480
letters 4,26–7,42
letter to the faithful 478–9
Salutation of the Virgin 480
Salutation of the Virtues 480
Rule for hermitages 187
Testament 10,18,20,24,26,31,43,77–8,92,120,121,124
quoted 8,68,122,125,140,257
and Celano 42
and Clareno 432
in Four Masters 79,147
and John of Parma 309
in sermons 221,224,225,232–9
and see Exiit, Hugh of Digne, Quo elongati
FRANCISCAN ORDER, founded 43,127,129,137,258
in 1 Cel.
after Francis’ death 125
in late thirteenth century 98,99,486
and see Francis, St
see also Conventuals, Observants, Spirituals
details: churches 70,71–3
and see Assisi, Basilica
habit 18
ideal of 26
lay brothers in 12,70
learned friars 147
and see Bonaventure, Hugh of Digne
‘nuntius’, financial intermediary 86,90,95
obedience 122
in the diocese of Pisa 225–6
poverty and money 43,98,99,132,147
provinces 61
relations with bishops 70
Franciscan friars: images of 357
and see Cycle
Franciscan spirituality 359,363,395,473,487
and see Angela of Foligno
meditations on the Passion 355
officers
Cardinal Protector 87,90
and see Alexander IV, Gregory IX, Nicholas III, Orsini
Minister General 248,444
Francis’ relation to 26
and see Albert of Pisa, Bonagrazia, Bonaventure, Catanii, Peter, Crescentius, Elias, Haymo of Faversham, John of Murrovalle, John of Parma, Nicholas IV, Parenti, John, Raymond Gaufridi
vicar 444
and see Elias
organisation: General Chapters 26,61,95,134–5
early 261
(1221) 38,40,261,322
(1230) 49,55,77
(1242) 79,85
(1244) 85,103,191,283
(1247) 61
(1251) 35,61,68,87,90,235,260,299
(1254) 68,87,90,242,261
(1257) 183,242,243,245
(1260) 68,107,243,244,286
(1263) 185,244,287
(1266) 183,185–6,244
(1276) 439,442
(1285) 444
(1289) 444
Chapter of Diffinitors 79,91
Constitutions, of Narbonne 244–5,286,319
statutes on decoration, images and poverty 310,323
Second Order, see Clare, St
Third Order 10,225,258
Frangipani, Graziano 33
and his son John 34
John’s widow 35
their children, Peter 35
and Philippa 35
and see Jacoba
Frederick, II, emperor 13,22,36,55,60,140,226,309,323
as king of Jerusalem 37,69,205
his heirs 287
and prophecy 83
fresco technique 343
Frugoni, C. 166,190–1,310,323,325
Gabriel, St, archangel 227,315,353,374
Gaeta 267
Gaetani, see Boniface VIII
Gascony, Clement V in 433
Gatti, I., OFM Conv. 454,466
Genesis, images of in UC 313,366,372
Genoa 226,287,309,310
archbishop of, see James of Voragine
Genoese fleet 309
Gentile, Count 130
George, St 169
Gerard of Abbeville 190,250
Gerard of Borgo San Donnino, br 83,231,249,253,313,321
German art 311
German pilgrim to Becket’s shrine 274
German women religious 11
Germanus II, patriarch of Constantinople 204
Germany: friars in 11,40,49,135,136,137,140,215
Provincial Minister 40
and see Caesar of Speyer
Thomas of Celano in 45,50
miracles of Francis in 274,276
Ghiberti, L. 426,433,446
Giacomo de Mevania 470
Giano 49
Gideon 315
Gilbert, St, of Sempringham 3,11,36
his Book 167
his miracles 20,37,273,274–5
the Gilbertine Order 3
Giles, br, blessed 20,36,37,51,128,131,252,258
in AP 135–6,137
and the Basilica 51
his blessing 126
and Celano 41
as contemplative 242
in Introductory Letter 109
on martyrdom 44
his death 300
burial and tomb 464,
Giotto, Giotto Bondini of Florence: in Assisi 302,426,433–8
in Florence 424–6
the Louvre altar panel 403
in Padua, Arena chapel 433,434,437,438,439
in Rimini 437
in Rome, St Peter’s 434
Giovanni di Cosma 419
Giuliano da Rimini 427,435
Glastonbury abbey (Somerset) 64
Gloucester, Franciscan house at 310
Goffen, R. 190–1
Golden Legend, see James of Voragine
Good Samaritan 278
Gordon, D. 300–1
Gospel, the: analogies with Franciscan stories 120,121,152
and Francis 9,17–18,20,32,42,44,45,47,111–12,113,131,134,179,258
Francis as evangelist 412
gospel book 296,326
used for prognostics 18,171,259
and the friars 78,87–8,248,252,393
and the Rule 98,127,344
and Angela of Foligno 480
in AP 131
in art, UC 366–70
in 1 Cel. 258
in Exiit qui seminat 97
in the Four Masters 79
in Hugh of Digne 93
and John of St Paul 25
in Julian 258
Gothic influence in Italy 336–7
in Assisi 64,71
element in Cycle 375
tabernacle in UC north transept 333
Gothic workshop in UC north transept
in panels 176
in Pisa 285
Gothic gable in Rome, Savelli tomb 416
Gratian 128
Greccio, Christmas crib at 16,44,45,167,179,181,190–1,262,389–91
in the Bardi panel 181,182,183–4
in the Cycle 305
and see Cycle
and Franciscan spirituality 478
John of Parma at 253
three companions at 85,103,104, 108
Greece 335,432
in UC vault 346,350
Francis’ miracles in 274
Greek artists and painters 176,215,342,355,452
and see Byzantine
icons 168
Greek Church Fathers 215
Greek friars in Constantinople 216
Greek language 440
Greek Orthodox monks 203
Greeks reconquer Constantinople 104,216
Gregory I, St, the Great, pope 201
his Dialogues 40
images of 359,365,427
Gregory IX, pope, Cardinal Hugolino de Segni, Cardinal Protector,
as cardinal, and Francis 25,48,119,264,268,392,399
and meeting of Francis and Dominic 229
and burial of Dominic 74
in AP 135–7
in 1 Cel. 42
in 2 Cel. 140
and Julian’s Office 392
in 3 Soc. 148
and Rule 261
knowledge of France 69–70
and Subiaco 161
as pope, and Francis 51–2
and canonisation of Francis 4,37,39,62,69,137,255,269,391,466,467
commissioned 1 Cel. 31,39,41,103,190
and the Basilica 51–2,53,55,64–6,68,69
and its bells 60
and palace in Sacro Convento 61
gifts to it 63,156
and San Rufino 74
and Francis’ miracles 274,276,387,443
on the stigmata 166–7,168,235,299,385
and Frederick II 8,69,140
and Innocent IV 309
and John of Brienne 205
his leper 239
at Perugia 37
interdict on Pisa 226
and Cardinal Rainaldo (Alexander IV) 299
and reunion 204
and Vita of Lucca 391
his death 85
bulls: Confessor Domini 168
Is qui ecclesiam 53,156
Mira circa nos (canonisation) 32,36–9,42
Paci et tranquillitati 92
Pio vestro collegio 92
Sicut phialae aureae 39
Usque ad terminos 168,299
and see Quo elongati
canonisation of St Anthony 322
of St Dominic 76
and friars’ privileges 137
his Decretals 84
hymns attributed to 38,480
indulgences
sermons 6–8,255, 332
Gregory X, pope 216,418,439,440
Gregory of Bosellis, br 68,87
Gregory of Naples, br, Provincial Minister of France 34,230
Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, previously lector in Oxford 82,215
Guadagni, Francesco, OFM Conv. 463
Gubbio 436
friars’ church 415
Guccio di Mannaia, chalice by, Colour Plate 8 441
and Matthew of Acquasparta 419
Guglielmus, master 317
Guiard de Laon, later archbishop of Cambrai, and his sermons 218–19,221
Guidi, Palmerinus 426
Guido 132
Guido, bishop of Assisi, and Francis’ renunciation 17,179,183,186,377,392
supports Francis (1210) 25,41,134,152
quarrel with podestà 28
(1226) 32,42
in AP 130
in Celano 41,42
Guido, count, of Assisi 150
Guido da Siena 292
Gurk cathedral (Austria) 333
Halberstadt 136,137
Handel, Messiah 257
Hattim, battle of 69
Haymo of Faversham, br, Minister General 64,79,91,120,121,123,124,204,228,242–3,247
his Ordinal 111
Helena, St 217
Henry II, emperor, wife of, see Kunigunde
Henry VI, emperor 22
Henry of Pisa, br 389
Henry the Liberal, count of Champagne 364
heresy, heretics 10,12,14,332
Herod, ‘King’ 387
Holy Land, see Palestine
holy man: role of, in antiquity and middle ages 19–20,24,36
Francis as 26,27,29,30,32
Holy Spirit, and Angela of Foligno 478
Homobonus of Cremona, St 274
Honorius III, pope 38,136,137
and Francis 241,267,392
in Cycle 387–8,439
and making of Regula bullata 25,92,135–6,137,237,397
and Portiuncula Indulgence 416
his tomb 416
Honorius IV, pope, Giacomo Savelli 347,416
his death 439
Horeb, Mount 312
Hospitallers, Knights 86,109
Hubert de Burgh 188
Hueck, I. 319
Hugh of Digne, br: and his Exposition of the Rule 81–6,88,97,99,100,248,321
date of Exposition 85,90,91
its sources and characteristics 84,91–2,96
he quotes the Testament 88,93
his family 82
his life and learning 82–3,93,323
at Paris
as Provincial Minister of Provence 82,91
treatises on poverty 84–5,94–5,310
preaching 85,96
and the Spirituals 92
Hugh of Hartlepool, br, Provincial Minister of England 430
Hugh of St Cher, OP 223,227,247,329,371
Hugolino, see Gregory IX
Humbert of Romans, OP: elected Master General OP 242
and crisis in Paris 244
Commentary on the Dominican Constitutions 243
his Legenda S. Dominici 243
Hungary, friars in 135,136,137
Hyères (Provence) 82,83
Ieronimus, see Jerome
Illuminato de Arce, br 108,392,395
Illuminatus 279
Illuminatus, bishop of Assisi 153
image, images 1–2,485
and passim
of active and contemplative life 38
Imola, bishop of 24
Innocent III, pope 136,137
and canonisation process 2,36,38,274
and St Gilbert 36,167
and Cathars 10
and Francis: in Rule and dream, esp. in Cycle nos. six and seven, Colour Plate 6 18,23,25,41,43,124,127,133–4,135,179,181,186,381,387,392,444
in LC 283,
in Savelli chapel 446
and Nicholas IV 442,446,447
in AP 139
in Bonaventure 259
in Wendover 192–3
and Frederick II 13
and Gregory IX 25
and groups of religious 10
as lord of Assisi 22
his death 392
Innocent IV, pope, Cardinal Sinibaldo Fieschi: early life 308–10
election as pope 85
at Assisi 66,270
consecrates the Basilica 63,66–8,280–1,308–10,470
its furnishing, and bull Decet et expedit 66–7,281,287,289,309,415,446
gifts to Basilica 224
and image of Francis 165
bulls Dignum existimamus 68
Quanto studiosius 68,87,261
Paci et tranquillitati 86,109
negotiations with the Greek Church 204,216
and Hugh of Digne 81,82
and John Frangipani’s widow 35
gives friars S. Maria in Aracoeli 392,416
his death 89
And see Ordinem vestrum
Innocent V, pope 321
Intentio Regule, see Leo
Ireland, friars in 64
Isaac: and Jacob and Esau 422,
sacrifice of Isaac 312,372,421
Isaac Master 421–4,437,444,452
Isaac II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 203
Isaiah 169,200,219,257,301,
Islam and Muslims 395
Israel: customs of 219
Israelites and Moses 375
king of, see David
Istanbul, see Constantinople
Italy 44,45,50,335,435
and imperial coronation 21
papal legate in 435
William of Nogaret in 432
Italian cities 21–2,63
and antiquities 285
baptisteries in 4
sceptics on stigmata 35
Italian society 9,19
artistic influences in 57,64,71,164,168,338
Iuntarelli, Iolus 426
Jacob 38,48,424
Jacoba de Settesoli, widow of Graziano Frangipani 33,34,35,126,263,465
her son John, see Frangipani
her lamb 271,272
Jacopone da Todi, br 480
Jacques de Vitry, bishop of Acre (later cardinal bishop of Tusculum (Frascati)) 24
James, St, apostle, the great 308,333
James, St, apostle, the less 300,308,369
James, St (either) 440
James, abbot of San Clemente 442
James, canon of Assisi 167
James of Camerino, br 421,447,451
James of Iseo, br 271,272,279
James of Milan: Stimulus amoris 329–30,484
and meditation on Passion 329–30
James of Rieti 275
James of Russano, br 204
James of Voragine (Varazzo), archbishop of Genoa, and his Golden Legend 308–9,358,362
James the German, architect 69
James the Simple, br 120–1,122,123
Jeremiah 301,
Jerome, St 220,333,364,365,370,427
Jerome, Ieronimus, witness of stigmata 35,167,392,408
Jerusalem
ancient 252,369,410
as Sion 450
Gethsemane 312
Mount of Olives 450
the Temple in 346,362
Triumphal Entry 375–7,393
medieval 69
church of Holy Sepulchre 73,375
influence of 64
Latin kingdom 205,209
kings 37
and see Frederick, John of Brienne
queen, see Sybilla
patriarch of 204
New or heavenly 350,358,412,447,450
Jesse, Tree of 310,311
Jesus’ life and teaching, interest in 149
and see Christ
Jews 193,196,198,277
Jewish priests 289
Jewish Council (the Sanhedrin) 372
Joab 312
Joachim of Fiore and his influence 82–3,84,249,252–3,309,367
Job 188,222
Johannes de Guarnerio 167
Johanneto, son of Angelo 154–5
his wife Bonagratia 154
their children Johannole 154
and Franciscolo (Cicolo) 154
John the Baptist, St 82,94,150,152,255,365
in St John’s Gospel 369
laude 480
relics 66, 470
images: in Assisi, UC vault 377,
in Pisa baptistery 227
in Rome, Lateran mosaic 447
in S. Maria Maggiore 450
John the Evangelist, St, apostle 94,200,255,293,332,362
Epistles 2–3,108,129
Gospel 2–3,48,108,188,366,369
Revelation attributed to 333,353,357–8,364–5
on Patmos 358
laude of 480
images permitted 304,310
images of: in Assisi, on chalice 441,448
LC 293
UC frescoes 333,
glass 308
in Florence, S. Maria Novella crucifix 424
on Perugia altarpiece 300,301
in Pisa 343
in Rome, on Lateran mosaic 447,448
in S. Maria Maggiore 424,450
John, br 119–20,122
John, br, companion of br Giles 109,128,131
John, br, early convert 131
John, Good, doctor, see Arezzo
John, king of England 161
John XXII, pope 100,101,437
bulls Ad conditorem 100
Cum inter nonnullos 101
John of Brienne, ex-king of Jerusalem, Byzantine emperor 37,205
his queen, see Sybilla
John of Greccio 45,167,183,262,389
John of La Rochelle, br 79,81,123,228,246–7
his sermons 218,229–31
John of Malvern, br 310
John of Montecorvino, br 388
John of Murrovalle, br, Minister General 426, 434
John of Parma, br, Minister General 34,35,61,68,84,158,190,244,269
and the Basilica 280–1
visits England 68,280
and St Douceline 83
and Hugh of Digne 82
and Joachism and prophecy 83,253–4,255,321
and learning 323
and liturgy and music 242,391
at Lyon 216
MS and, Colour Plate 2
and the union of the churches 123
and Spirituals 253
on stigmata 235,299
and the Testament 253
his deposition and nomination of Bonaventure 249,260,286
John of Pianocarpine, br 184
John of St Paul, cardinal bishop of Sabina 25,41,133–4,135,136,137
John of Salisbury 364
John of Vicenza, OP 323
John of Wales, br 96–7,100
John priest of Ephesus (John the presbyter) 364
John Scotus Eriugena 370
John, br, see also Parenti, Pecham
Joinville 82,83
Jonah 312,372,464
Jordan, river 369
Jordan of Giano, br: and his chronicle 36,49,136,137,261
and Francis and his relics 49,50,137
Jordan of Saxony, OP 43,123,129
Joseph (Jacob’s son) 312,366,372,374
Joseph of Arimathaea, images of 293,301,374
Jubilee (1300) 305
Judas Iscariot 308,312,372
Judas Taddeus, St 308
Judea 335,350
Judith 209,227
Julian of Speyer, br: and 3 Soc. 147
his Life of St Francis 104,107,148,232,233,243,245
his Office 182,230,392,480
on witnesses to the stigmata 234
Kleinschmidt, B. 312
Knights, Orders of 14,86,109
Kunigunde, St, empress, wife of Henry II 274
Lamb, Adoration of the 356–7,363,364,412
Lamb’s bride 358
lambs 179,184–5,188,265,388
Jacoba’s 263,271,272
Lamentation, in LC 293
Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury 63
Langeli, A. B. 5
Languedoc, heretics in 12
Lanthony by Gloucester, prior of, see Clement
Lapo 285
larks 33
Last Supper in UC glass 312
laude 479
and see Angela of Foligno
Lavagna, count of 309
Lawrence, St 161
Lazarus, raising of 366,367
Lazio 274
Leah 38
Legend, Legenda, Legende 103–4,105
Legend of the Three Companions, 3 Soc. 102,104,105,107,108,133,139
alter Christus in 153
as Assisan legend of Francis 155
image of Francis in 149–57
and AP 128
and 1 Cel., see Thomas of Celano
Introductory Letter 103
and see Leo
sources and date 147–57
Le Mans (France) 274
Leo I, St, the Great, pope 359
Leo, br, his writings, with Rufino and Angelo: and Basilica 51
and Angela of Foligno 481–2
and Bonaventure 268
in Cycle 389–91
in Eccleston 46,200
on La Verna 113
(with Bonaventure) 401
his death 5,107
and burial 74
his handwriting and MSS 4,86,106,107,109,125
and Francis’ breviary 5–6,111,296
and gospel book 403–4
his blessing 73,
and Adam’s head 73
Francis’ letter to 4,187,403
MSS of SL 146,246
and Ubertino 246,251,261
fame as author 246
as author of SL 111
one of three companions in reminiscences 27,92
and Introductory Letter 85,103,104,105,108,138,141,148
and AP 128
and Clareno 432
and 3 Soc. 147–8
on poverty of churches 53
SL on Francis’ early career 20
stories attributed to 107
SL quoted 27–8,31,33–7,44
and passim
its sources 128
Intentio Regule 107,125
Verba and making of Rule 8,260, 262
León (Spain) 315
lepers 120–1,122,183,187–8,239,257,258,289,325,388,475,482
Lerida (Catalonia) 278,415
Lerner, R. E. 240
Limoges (France), enamels 164
Lincoln, bishop of, see Grosseteste
Lincolnshire and St Gilbert 274
Lisbon 322
Lisciano 439
London: friars in, Greyfriars 62,123,193,331
parishes in 227
St Paul’s cathedral, canon of, see Alexander of Hales
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio 173
Lorenzini, B., designs by
Louis IX, St, king of France 82,83,161,190, 209
Low Countries, women religious in 11
Lucca 286
cathedral tympanum 317
church of San Frediano 317
coins from 461,465
Lucchese-Berlinghieriesque Master 317
Lucifer 126,393
Lucy, St 313
Ludovico di Città de Castello, br 382
Luke, St: his Gospel 366
image in UC Vault 344–52
Luscombe, D. E. 236
Lyon (France) 10,204,309,321,418,433
Council of 98,216,418,439
Hugh of Digne at 82, 90
Magdala 32
Magdeburg (Germany) 3
Magi 126
Mainz (Germany) 40,49,311
Mangu Khan 184
Manselli, R. 108,115–16
Manx shearwater 414
Marches, Francis’ miracles in 274
and see Ancona
Marchini, G. 319–20
Margaret, St, of Antioch 169,313,320
Margarito of Arezzo 165
Margherita, St, of Cortona, body of 467,
Mariani, Antonio 458
Mariani, Cesare 458
Mark, St: Gospel of 149,388
image in UC vault
details
Mark of Lisbon 458
Mark of Montefeltro, br 241,414
Marseilles 83,310
Marsh, Adam, br 82,124
Marsica 39,50
Martha, St 96,187
Martin, St, of Tours 272,273,383
fast of 29
Martin IV, pope 346–50
bull Ad fructus uberes 416
death 416
Martin, and his ox 273,278
Martin, F. 289,309,310–11,315,319,320
Mary, St, Blessed Virgin Mary 1,96,152
and Angela of Foligno 474,476
and Clare 375
and the cross 15
cult in S. Maria Maggiore 449
and Francis 38,109,112,144,356,365,387
and Nicholas IV 449
and the Portiuncula 258
and poverty 84,264
feasts of: Annunciation 239
Assumption 359,450
images of 94,488
and St Edmund 160
in Assisi: on chalice 441,448
in LC 293,433,435
in UC frescoes 355,421,422
nave, Annunciation 367,374
Visitation 367,374
in vault 377,
sanctuary 319,344,358–62,412
at Pentecost 366,410
death 407,412
in UC glass 305,315,317,329–30
on Perugia altarpiece 301
in Pisa baptistery 227
in Rome: Lateran mosaic 447
S. Maria Maggiore 424–5,
St Peter’s, on Boniface VIII’s tomb 431
images of Virgin and child: in Assisi: LC, by Cimabue
St Nicholas chapel 435
UC frescoes 412
Nativity 372–4
UC glass 307,
in Constantinople 205
on Perugia altarpiece 300
by Giuliano da Rimini 427
in Rome, S. Maria in Aracoeli, Savelli chapel 446
Mary Magdalene, St 187,315,355,374,375,436
laude of 480
Mary, St (Mary Magdalene’s companion) 315,374
Masseo de Marignano, br 74,109
Masseus Andree de Preite 167
Master of St Francis: and LC frescoes 296–302,430
UC glass 315–18,320
works at Perugia, Colour Plate 6 300–2,320,476
panel at Portiuncula 296–9
his date 321
Master of the Obsequies, and UC frescoes 437,445
Matthew, St: his Gospel 79,149,231,235
quoted in Assisi panel 173
and Jesus’ childhood 366
image in fresco, UC vault
in glass 308
Matthew of Acquasparta, br 419
at Paris 419
as Minister General 419,444
as cardinal 419,444
his sermons 218
his tomb 445
Medici, Cosimo de’ 470
meditation, esp. on Jesus’ life 166,374,483
and see James of Milan
Mehmet II, Ottoman Sultan 217
Merlin, Prophecies of 83
Messina 5
Michael, St, archangel 109,112,254,356,357
his altar in UC 363–4
in fresco in UC 353
image in Constantinople 203
his laude 480
Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor 216,418,439
Milan 323,325
Minerva 461
Temple of, see Assisi, Cycle no. one
miracles 269
authenticity 275
and see stigmata
see also Bonaventure, Francis, Thomas of Celano,
Mirror of Perfection, see Speculum Perfectionis
Mishach 315,326
Monaldo, br 186,392,400
Monaldus Leonardi 53
Montague family 22
Mont St-Michel (Normandy), abbey 161
La Merveille and cloister 161,
Monte Gargano, San Michele at 32,42
Monte Subasio 4,20,23,56,388,389
monastery on, abbot of 70
stone from 62,463
Montpellier (France) 91
Moorman, J. R. H. 105,143,147,414
Morico the Little, br 131
Morocco 44,45,322
Moses 48,73,86,109,184,238,311,333,337,372,375,385
Law of 422
Mount Sinai, see Catherine, St
Murray, P. 433,442
Muzio di Francesco 436
Naples 83,287,392,433
Angevin kings of 433
and see Charles
archbishop of 471
Napoleon, Emperor 455
Narbonne, see Franciscan Order, Constitutions
Narni 66
woman of 212,275
San Gemini near 212
Natural Law 94
Nebuchadnezzar 142
Nero, Emperor 362–3
Nerva, Emperor 358
New Testament: and Francis 9
and see Gospel
images in UC 311,313,315,374
in Roman basilicas 366
in S. Cecilia in Trastevere 439
Nicaea 203,204,215
Nicholas, St 169,176,435
Nicholas III, pope, Gian Gaetano Orsini, cardinal protector 281,287–8,320,417–18,419
and S. Niccolò in Carcere 417
as pope 96–101,312,441
election 346
discussions on Rule 100
and see Exiit qui seminat
and government of Rome 346–52
and Basilica 416,440,446
and date of UC vault 320
and Roman basilicas 365,366,416
S. Paolo 365
St Peter’s 365
Sancta Sanctorum 335,372
and Jerome of Ascoli 439–40,453
his death 415
Nicholas IV, pope, Jerome of Ascoli, br, cardinal, birth 439
early life 439
as Provincial Minister of Dalmatia 439
as Minister General 97,288,439
and the Basilica 281
envoy to Constantinople 216
as cardinal priest of S. Pudenziana 97,439–40
as cardinal bishop of Palestrina 439,441
and the Basilica 419
and Exiit 418–19
as pope 309,418,419,431,439–42,453
accession 416
and Bonaventure’s writings 442
and Legenda Maior 442–3
and Lateran portico 428
and missions 388
patronage of the Basilica 419,427
his chalice, Colour Plate 8 440–1
his death 347,428
his bulls: Celestis altitudo 440
Mulier generosa 449
Propter veritatem 449
for the Basilica 441
for the Order 441
for the Poor Clares 441
for the Third Order 441
indulgences 415–16,441
other letters 442
his image: on chalice 441
in Lateran mosaic 447,452
in S. Maria Maggiore mosaic 450,
Nicholas, cured at Assisi 272
Nicholas de Curbio 66
Nicholas of Foligno 175
Nicodemus 293,301,374
Noah 38,366,367,421
Noah’s Ark 194
Nocera Umbra 30
bishop of 458
Norbert, St 3,11
Norcia (near Spoleto), girl from 174,207,212, 272
Normandy 161
Northern Master 302,332–42,344
Nymphaeum, Council at 215
Observants 106
Octavian, judge 442
Octavian, papal subdeacon 32,42,466
Old Testament: cycle in UC 372,374
in glass 311,313,315
in Roman basilicas 366,439
Oliver 15,122
Olivi, Peter John, br 81,97,100,185,191
and Bonaventure 248,250,251
in Paris 418
and usus pauper 100
Olomonc (Bohemia), bishop of, see Robert the Englishman
Oppava (Moravia) 166
oral evidence 155–6,193
Ordinem vestrum (bull of Innocent IV) 68,86–8,90,99,261
Orsini family 346–50,435
funds 431
coat of arms 288,320,
and see Nicholas III
Orsini, Gian Gaetano 428,435
Orsini, Matteo Rosso, cardinal protector and patron of Basilica 97,98,153,288,289,348,416,418,419,431
supervisor of UC 445
Orsini, Napoleone, cardinal 428,430,432,435
legate in Italy 435
and S. Margherita 467,
and St Nicholas chapel 430,436
his brother 435,436
Orte 444
Ortona 275
Orvieto 246,444
cathedral 440
Ostia, see Alexander IV
Otto IV, Emperor 44,142
Otto, a knight 442–3
Ottokar I, king of Bohemia 487
Ottoman conquest of Constantinople 217
Oxford: Bodleian Library, MS in 107–8
Council of (1222) 404,407
Franciscans in 123,193,196,215
Pacifico, br 16,141–3,187,240,241
in Cycle 392,407
and see Cycle no. nine
Padua: General Chapter at 439
Arena Chapel 426,433,434,437,438
Palaeologan style 217,452
Palermo 285
Palestine, Holy Land 137
Palestrina 430
Palma de Mallorca 164
Palumbo, G., OFM Conv. 61,62
Pantaleone Giustiniani, Latin patriarch of Constantinople 216
Papini, N., OFM Conv., Minister General 455–6
parable, acted 122–3
Parastron, John 216
Parenti, John, Minister General 49,55,59,66,77
Paris: Arsenal Bible 209
Musée du Louvre, reliquary in, Colour Plate 1 164
Musée de Cluny 164
tracery from 69
Dominican house of St Jacques 218,243,457
Paris: Arsenal Bible (cont.)
Franciscans in Paris 123,218
their church 218
friars’ studium generale 190
and Bonaventure 246–7,249,254,270,286
MSS of him 244
Bonaventure’s sermons in 231,234,235,241,256
and Gerard of Borgo San Donnino 322
and Hugh of Digne 91
and Julian of Speyer 230
and Matthew of Acquasparta 419
and Olivi 418
University 83,431
chancellor of, see Eudes of Châteauroux
masters of 223,228,244,246
quarrel with friars 190,231
theological studies 370
Paris, Matthew, monk of St Albans 171,192–202,458
Chronica Maiora 192
MS of 192–202
drawings in
Life of St Edmund 160
and William the Englishman 74
Parma, man of 216
Passion plays 292,476
Paul, St 38,44,98,127,144
and Angela of Foligno 480
in I Corinthians 369
his death 352
compared to Francis 232
and Galatians 300,329
and Guiard de Laon 218
imprisoned 387
preaching 372
relic of 440
and resurrection 374
images of: in Assisi, on chalice 448
in UC frescoes 338,
in glass 308
at Gubbio 415
on Perugia altarpiece 300
in Rome: Lateran mosaic 447,452
S. Maria Maggiore mosaic 450,
St Peter’s, Boniface VIII’s tomb 431
Paul V, pope 454
Paul, br, Provincial Minister of March of Ancona 32,185
Pecham, John, br, later archbishop of Canterbury 81,85,96,97,100,190,218,250
Pentecost, images of: in Assisi 311,353,366,422
and see Vézelay
Pérez, Juan 315
Perfectus, a sailor 275,277
Persia 388
Perugia 22,37,39,
bell-founder from 61
conflicts with Assisi 13,23,150,205,288,416,470–1
and body of St Francis 36,49,468
citizens and knights 22,55
MS of (P) 105–8
see also Anonymous of Perugia
bishop of 458
Franciscan church, San Francesco, crucifix and altarpiece, Colour Plate 6 300–2,320,476
burial and tomb of br Giles in 300,464,
convent of Monteripido 5,109
Pescia altar panel
preaching to the birds in 171,173
seraph in 200,283
and Pisa panel 181
and Pistoia panel 181
Peter, St 38,256,369,372,387
his denial 371
his mother-in-law 267
relic of 440
images of: his keys 161
in Assisi, on chalice 448
in LC 293
in UC frescoes 333,348,352,362–3,365,383,412,418
in UC glass 308,315
at Gubbio 415
in Perugia 300
in Rome: Lateran mosaic 447,448,452
in S. Maria Maggiore mosaic 450,
in St Peter’s, on tomb of Boniface VIII 431
Peter, br 131,133
Peter, converted heretic 415
Peter Bernardone, Francis’ father 11,13,15,17,130,131,153,179,219,221,257,289
his death 154
images 183,382
in Cycle 392
Peter Catanii, see Catanii
Peter Damian, St 74
Peter Martyr, St 243,304
Peter of Apulia, OP 83
Peter of Dacia, Life of Christina of Stommeln 3
Peter of Tewkesbury, custodian of Oxford, Provincial Minister of Cologne 46,196,200,401
Peter, poor priest of S. Damiano 129,130
Peter the Chanter 223
Philip, St 308
Philip, br 41
as visitor of Poor Clares 108
Philip II, Augustus, king of France 161
Philip IV, king of France 430,431,432
Philip, Philippus Campellus, de Campello 59,66,68,69,71
Philip of Perugia, br, Provincial Minister of Tuscany 97,288
Philippart, G. 157
Philistines 38
Pica, Francis’ mother 149–50,152,154,179,257
Picardo Angeli, son of Angelo 153–5,257
Picardy, tracery from 69
Piccardus Morico 59
Piccinino, Niccolò 470
Piccolomini, see Pius II
Pierleoni family 348
Pilate, Pontius 187,369,400
Pisa: Cimabue in 343
craftsmen and models from 62,315,317
panel in 172–3,176,182,205–12,302
Louvre altar panel from 403
bishop’s palace 223
churches, etc. in: baptistery 227,285
pulpit 226,355,364
cathedral, duomo and campanile (Leaning Tower) 227,285,
pulpit 317
Dominican church, S. Caterina 226
Franciscan convent and church, S. Francesco 173,176,224–8
and see Franciscan Order, General Chapters
S. Pierino, crucifix in 317
S. Pietro in Vinculis 223
city 285–6
interdict in 226
Pisan fleet 226
Pisan families 223–9
and see Pisano
Pisano, Pisanus, Bartholomew, Bartolomeus, and son, Lotharingio, Loteringio 60,62,286
Pisano, Giovanni 285,317
Pisano, Giunta 62,67,227,280,286
Pisano, Nicola 226,285–6,355
Pistoia 286
panel 176,181
S. Bartolomeo in Pantano 317
S. Francesco 415
Pius II, pope, Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini 426
visits Assisi 426
Pius VII, pope 455–6,458–64
Poggio Bustone 29
Poitiers, and Le Simon near 270,272,273,274,277
Poland 184
Pontano, Teobaldo, bishop of Assisi 436–7
Portiuncula, S. Maria degli Angeli, near Assisi 43,51,53,120
and Angela of Foligno 72,478
Catanii’s epitaph 283
and Celano 39,146
early Chapter meetings at 29–30,135
Elias at 41
Eudes of Châteauroux at 221
Francis and 17,29–30,44,45,51,53,70,84,122,125,131,144,258
Francis dies at 32,35–6,42,48,126,171,174,375,454,467
larks at 33
Portiuncula Indulgence 72,305,416
Speculum Perfectionis completed at 246
sixteenth-century church 391
in nineteenth century 457
images related to: crucifix 62
panel
and see Master of St Francis
and see Assisi, Basilica, Cycle no. twenty
Potenza (Apulia) 165
Poulenc, J., OFM 84,329–31
Poverty, Lady 158–9,264,388
and see Sacrum Commercium
Prague 487
Prémontré, Premonstratensian Order 3,11
Provence 82,433
Provincial Minister, see Bonelli
Pseudo-Dionysius 236,255,353
Pseudo-Seneca, De paupertate 158
Pudenziana, St, image of 440
Puzarelli, Simon 53
Quo elongati (Gregory IX’s bull) 68,77–8,86–90,92,95,98,100,101,310
on the Testament 81,86,88
quoted 88
Rachel 38
Ralph of Rheims, br 204,215
Raphael, St, archangel 315,353
Raymond Gaufridi, br, Minister General 432,434,444
Rebecca 422
relics 57
of St Francis 164
and see Francis, St
of the True Cross 63
reliquaries, monstrance 200
Religiosi viri (manifesto before Council of Vienne) 445
Revelation, Book of 356,412
Rheims cathedral (France) 69
Rhineland (Germany) 14,342
Rhône, river (France) 310
Riccuccio son of Puccio 424–6
Richard of St Victor 241
Ricobaldo de Ferrara 426
Rieti 36,114,240,392,444
bishop’s palace 49
doctor of 114
Rimini 426,437
Rinaldi, Stefano, OFM Conv. 469
Ristoro, OP 66,351,425
Rivotorto 33–44,388,415
Robert, br 279
Robert of Arbrissel, St 10
Robert of La Bassée, br 79
Robert of Molesme, St 3
Robert the Englishman, bishop of Olomone 166
Robson, Dr M., OFM Conv. 430,454,467
Roger, br 128
Roger, canon of Potenza 165,166
Roger of Helmarshausen 337
Roger of Wendover, monk of St Albans 192–202
Roger, prior of Sempringham 11
Roland 15,122
Rolandino of Padua 323,325
Romagna 351
Roman artists in UC 337,419
ornamental painters 416
relief sculpture 355
Romanesque arches in Cycle 375
architecture (LC) 64
influence in Pisa 285
style in panels 176
‘Romania’, Eastern or Byzantine Empire, Provincial Minister of, see Benedict of Arezzo
Roman Law 80,100
ROME: ancient, and antiquities in 285,358,383,421,422
Neronian persecution 35
Trajan’s column 392
Christian 350
Angela of Foligno in 474
Boniface VIII returns to 432
Cimabue in 342
Clement V abandons Rome 433
Francis visits 18,33,41,43,118,133,152,156,192,283,392,399
Francis’ miracles in and near 272,274
French in (1807) 455
Gregory IX driven from 36
Hugh of Digne visits 82,85
Innocent IV at 66
Innocent V in 321
Isaac Master and 452
Jacoba visits Francis from 33
Nicholas III’s patronage in 416
Otto IV in 44
painters in 352,415
restoration work in 421,422
visitors attacked 226
women of 164
basilicas, churches and papal palaces in: S. Cecilia in Trastevere 418,439
S. Francesco a Ripa 446
Collegio San Isidoro 107–8
St John Lateran 65,73,283,293,326,351,421,428,434,442,443,444,446–52
in Cycle, Colour Plate 7 381,382,392
‘caput et mater’ 65
Lateran Palace 434
S. Maria in Aracoeli 419,442,445–6
Savelli chapel and tomb in 416,445
S. Maria Maggiore 420,439,442,
S. Niccolò in Carcere 351,417
S. Paolo fuori le mura 289,350,365,366,417
St Peter’s, Vatican basilica 65,73,337,348,351,365,366,417,431,439
obit book 428–34
pilgrims to 224,474
Boniface VIII’s tomb 449
Vatican palace 351
image of Francis in 165,176,205–12,441,442
S. Pudenziana 439
S. Sabina 70
Sancta Sanctorum 335,351–2,365–78,418,421
motifs in
Church of, Holy See, papacy 53,73,86,89,99
in Francis’ Testament 24
and canonisation 36,38
conclave (1287) 439
(1293) 428
Curia 36,90,270,351
doctrinal claims 215
papal chancery 90
papal treasure 430
cardinals 82
college of 85
Lateran Council, Fourth 399
popes, see Alexander III, IV, Benedict XI, XIV, Boniface VIII, Celestine IV, V, Clement V, Eugenius IV, Gregory I, IX, X, Innocent III, IV, V, John XXII, Leo I, Martin IV, Nicholas III, IV, Paul V, Pius VII
City 346,350,362
citizens 193,196–8
papal signoria in 348
Senate 350
Senators 346–8
see Colonna
places in 320
Capitoline Hill 392
Castel Sant’Angelo 348–51
Leonine Wall 351
Pantheon 348
Romulus 348
Rossi, Dr G. 464
Rossignoli, G., OFM Conv. 456
Rouen, archbishop of, see Eudes Rigaud
Round Table 15
Rufino, Rufinus, St 74,436
and see Assisi
Rufino, br: and his reminiscences 27,34,92,103,104–5,111,128,138,141,147–8,315
and see Leo; at La Verna 113,200,401
his burial 74
Rumwold, St 2
Russia 168
Rusuti, Filippo 433
Rusuti, Giovanni 433
Ruth 219
Sabatier, P. 42,51,53,104,106,136,137,157,246,397
and Cycle no. twenty-three 377
Sabbatino, br 131
Sacrum Commercium 157–9
St Albans abbey (Herts.) 192,193
and see Paris, Matthew, Roger of Wendover
St Cecilia Master 437,445
Salimbene, br 60,61,389
on Hugh of Digne 82–3,85,96
and Joachism 321
and John of Parma 216
on lay brothers 12
on Nicholas III 287
and Thomas the Greek 204
Salimbene, br (another) 216
Salisbury (Wilts.), friars’ dormitory at 80
Salzburg (Austria), art in 311
Samaritans 196
Samson 38
Samuel, in UC 311
San Bonifacio, count of 323,325
San Clemente, abbey (not identified)
abbot, see James
San Gemini 212
Sanguonio di Uffreduccio 470
San Salvatore de Colpersito 142
San Sebastiano (near Alatri) 291
Poor Clares at 291
San Severino 142
Saracens 15,22,44,45,137,198,221,238, 259
Sarah 315
Savelli, Luca 416
family, chapel 445
and see Honorius IV
Savia, widow of Tomassus 154
Savona 456
Sawley abbey (Yorks.) 201
Scandinavia, friars in 64
Sclavonia, Francis’ miracles in 274
screen in LC and Cycle no. thirteen 389,
Scrovegni, E. 433
Segni, counts of 442
Seitenstretten Missal 311
Sempringham (Lincs.), priors of, see Gilbert, St, Roger
Seneca, Pseudo-, see Pseudo-Seneca
seraph, see stigmata
sermons 70,218–42
and see Bonaventure, St, Eudes Rigaud, Guiard de Laon, John of La Rochelle, Matthew of Acquasparta, Visconti, Frederick
Sforza, Francesco 470
Shadrach 315,326
Shakespeare, W. 22
Sheba, queen of 311
Sicilian Vespers 216
Sicily 22,272,274
friars in 64
Sidonius Apollinaris 40
Siena 48,85,139
cathedral pulpit 285
image of Francis at 165
podestà, see Annibaldi
Silas 387
Simeon, St (Stylites) 20
Simon, St, apostle 300,301,308
Simon Magus 362
Simon, br, Provincial Minister of Saxony 49
Sinai, Mount 168,238
St Catherine’s monastery 176
Sion, see Jerusalem
Sisto, OP 66,351,425
Sitz im Leben 115,139,258
Skokholm 414
Solomon 227,311,372
Song of Songs 14,359
Southern, Sir Richard W. 2,40
Sopoçani 452
Soriano 97,288,351
Spain 44,45,269
friars in 64
Speculum Perfectionis, Mirror of Perfection 47,104,105,106,111,157,246,397
Speculum Vitae 104,106,246
Spello 305–6
Speyer (Germany) 40,49
Spiritual Franciscans 100,106,190–1,246,248,250,356,482
and Boniface VIII 432
and Hugh of Digne 81,84
and Raymond Gaufridi 444
and Council of Vienne 426
Spoleto 14,36,130,151,278
archbishop of 4
bishop of 458
cathedral, Capella delle Reliquie 4
Franciscan house of S. Simone 4
Spoleto, duke of 21
Spoleto, Valley of 10,21,44,49,56,171,194,259,305,389
SPQR 347–8
Stefaneschi, Giacomo Gaetani, cardinal 434
Stein, J. E. 190–1
Stephen, St 372,421
stigmata and vision of seraph 4,21,29,46,47,48–9,98,113,137,332,363
in Bonaventure 187,232,236–9,267,385
in Elias’ letter 47,49
in John of La Rochelle 230
Leo’s note on 109,356
and Pacifico 143
and St Edmund 160
in Visconti sermon 225
supposed uniqueness 34
discussion of authenticity 166,234–5,404
witnesses to 167–8,233,234
later meditation on 454
images of, as emblem or symbol of Francis 161,277
image which disappeared 165
in altar panels 382
in Assisi panel 173
in Bardi panel 176,182,189,191
in Basilica LC 281–3,293,325–6
in UC 325–6
and see Assisi, UC, Cycle
on chalice 441
in Matthew Paris 192,198,200
in Mont St-Michel 161
in Pescia panel 169–71
in Portiuncula panel 299
side wound 34,35,164,198–200,201,287,301,313,385,474
in seraph 201
Stow (Lincs.) 169
Strasbourg cathedral (France) 342
Striker, C. L. 207,212,216
Subiaco: abbey 162
abbot of 162
Sacro Speco 161,
Suessa 433,435,436
Suetonius 40
Sulpicius Severus, Life of St Martin 40
Sultan (el-Kamil) 14,44,45,179,181,182,184,191,205,241
in Cycle 387,
Sybilla, queen of Jerusalem 205
Sylvester, br 128,133,258–9,264,388
in Cycle 392,
and see Basilica, UC, Cycle
death and tomb 74,130,
Syria 19,44,45,64,392
Syrophenician woman 149
Tau cross 4,73,109,142,239,335,356
Tebaldi, U., OFM Conv. 455,
Templars, Knights 86,109
Terni 24
bishop of 24
Terra di Lavoro (S. Italy), Provincial Minister of 392,404,407
Theophilus 337
Thomas, St, apostle 34,308
doubting Thomas 312,385,408
Thomas, St, Aquinas, see Aquinas
Thomas, St, of Canterbury, see Becket
Thomas de Papia (Pavia),br, Dialogus 128
Thomas de Raynerio, chamberlain of Assisi 168
Thomas of Capua, cardinal 392
Thomas of Celano, br 230,397
his career 39–40
and Angela of Foligno 481
and Assisi
and Bardi panel 182,191
and book on Francis’ life 172
on Francis in Rome (1220–1) 399
on Francis as ‘alter Christus’ 73
on Francis and fire 112
on Francis and the Passion 372
on canonisation 37,38,129
imagery and style 46–7,245
and images of Francis 164–5
and learning 322
on miracles 175
miracle of book 271,276
and see below
on the Portiuncula 84
on the seraph and the stigmata 47,169–71,200,283
on witnesses to the stigmata 234
on the side wound 301
on the Tau cross 73
on Francis’ body returned to Assisi 377
and Jordan of Giano 49
superseded 242
Works: used by Bonaventure 245,256
1 Cel. 39–49,92,158,256
commissioned 31–2,138–40
completed 401
compared with AP 131,134,156
and Matthew Paris 194
3 Soc. 127,147–8,149–50,156
details in 39–40,138,207,212
description of Francis 414
on Francis as evangelist 412
MSS of 107,185,243
miracles in 269–79
used in panels 169,182,190
quoted 12,103
on Francis’ last two years 116
on posthumous miracles 466–7
2 Cel. 128,132,136,137,138–47,158,288
commissioned 102–3
prologue 102–3,104,138,141,269
image of Francis in 146
on Francis’ early life 149–50,156
on Francis’ eye illness 49–50
on Innocent III’s dream 283
MSS of 107
in (P) 105
fragments of the Rule in 92
and 3 Soc. 147,148
3 Cel. (Miracles) 34,73,146,164–5,240,269–79
date of 269
and Kalenderhane Camii 207
and Pisa panel 173
Legenda ad usum Chori 147,156,480
Legenda liturgica based on Celano 243
Thomas of Eccleston 45,46,62,113,124,261,331
on English province 193
Thomas of Spalato, archdeacon 160
Thomas the Greek, lector of Franciscan house at Constantinople 204,216
Thuringia 49
Tivoli 273
bishop of, in Francis Cycle 392
and see Colonna
Tobias 315
Tobit 209
Tommaso di Uffreduccio 470
Torriti, Jacopo 351,431
in Assisi
in Rome 443
in Lateran Basilica 444,446–7
in Sancta Sanctorum 352,421
in S. Maria Maggiore 420,
Transfiguration 186,311,333,335,337,353
travel, and friars 64
Trinity Apocalypse (MS in Trinity College, Cambridge) 196
Trinity, Holy, and Angela of Foligno 474
Tuscany: Francis’ miracles in 274
Provincial Minister of, see Philip of Perugia
Tusculum (Frascati), cardinal bishop of, see Eudes of Châteauroux
twelfth-century renaissance 9
Ubaldini de Mugello, Octavian 37
Ubertino da Casale 106,107,185,191,446
and Angela of Foligno 307,482
and Bonaventure 250,251,260
and Council of Vienne and Declaratio 125,246,427
and Hugh of Digne 84
and John of Parma 253
and Leo’s writings 125,246,251,261
and Sacrum Commercium 158
Umbria 11,22,49,274,383
cities of 22
hermitages in 482
Umbrian Master, anon
scriptorium, MS from, Colour Plate 2
Uppsala, MS at 111
Urban IV, pope 216,225,287,288,418
Uriel, archangel 353
Van Ortroy, E., SJ 147
Vasari, G. 59,69,176,413,426,433–4,437
Vatatzes, Byzantine Emperor 204,216
Velletri, see Alexander IV
Veneto, and Venice 332,333,465
Verna, La, near Arezzo: mount of Francis’ vision of seraph and of the stigmata 4,20,47,86,109,111,112,171–2,187,200,237,326,412,474
and Bonaventure 252,286,401
and Leo 356
as Sinai of the Order 239
and Ubertino 251
Verona 22,323
Vézelay abbey (Burgundy) 265,317,336
Vienne 216
Council of 106,246,427,433
Visconti, Alfonso, Cardinal Protector of the Conventuals 454
Visconti, Frederick, archbishop of Pisa 173, 223–8
Vita of Lucca, br 391
Viterbo 246,287,321,346
Volturno, river 277
Waldensians 10
Waldo 10
Walter of Brienne 13
war, concept of just war 14
Warin of Sedenefeld, br 113,200,401
Wells cathedral 64
White, J. 343,344,428
William of Canterbury 274
William of Melton, br 246
William of Montferrat, OP 269
William of Nogaret 432
William of Nottingham, br, Provincial Minister of England 68,80,87
and see Augustine
William of Rome, br 442–3
William of Rubruck, br 184
William of St Amour 83,190,231,250
William the Englishman, br 74,192,201,
Wise Men, and Epiphany 311
Wolfram von Eschenbach 14
women: feminine sanctity, see Angela of Foligno, Clare, St
place in church 305
women religious in twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Frauenfrage 11
Worcester cathedral library 92
workshops, artistic 437
Worms 40,49
Zabberoni, Bonaventura, OFM Conv. 458, 469
Zacharias 8
in UC glass 315
Zanardi, B. 343,344,423–4,433,434,438,439,445
Zebedee, sons of 364
and see James, St, John, St
Zillis (Switzerland) 366